Preparation of poly(styrene-glucidylmethacrylate)/Fe3O4 composite microspheres with high magnetite contents

Magnetic polymer composite microspheres with high magnetite contents were prepared by dispersion polymerization of styrene (St) and glucidylmethacrylate (GMA), in which Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were co-stabilized by oleic acid and silane surfactants. The microstructure of the composite microspheres was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results demonstrated the presence of a hybrid morphology with organic polymer-encapsulated inorganic particles. Subsequently, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were used to evaluate the magnetite content of the microspheres. It was found that an accordant magnetite content of about 70 wt%, could be obtained for the magnetic polymer microspheres, a value significantly higher than those reported thus far. The possible mechanism for the formation of the microspheres was proposed.     

Preparation and characterization of hydrophobic magnetite microspheres by a simple solvothermal method

Superparamagnetic magnetite microspheres with a hydrophobic surface were successfully prepared through a simple solvothermal method based on hydrolysis of iron-oleate complex in diphenyl ether in the presence of oleic acid as the ligands. The microspheres size and size distribution were analyzed by a laser diffraction particle size analyzing method using ZETASIZER. The morphology and crystalline structure of the products were characterized using transmitting electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and the magnetic property was studied by a Quantum Design MPMS SQUID. TEM and SEM images showed that as-prepared spherical nanostructures are of about 140 nm in sizes, which self-assembled by many 10 nm primary magnetic nanoparticles. The XRD analysis revealed that the magnetic microspheres are composed of magnetite. The magnetic measurements demonstrated that the spherical nanostructures are superparamagnetic at room temperature with no magnetic remanence and coercive force. In addition, the microspheres can be well dispersed in various non-polar solvents due to their surfaces capped of hydrophobic surfactants in situ.     

Preparation and characterization of biodegradable magnetic carriers by single emulsion-solvent evaporation

This paper describes a single emulsion-solvent evaporation protocol to prepare PEGylated biodegradable/biocompatible magnetic carriers by utilizing hydrophobic magnetite and a mixture of poly(D,L lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and poly(lactic acid-block-polyethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG) (26:1 by mass) polymers. We characterized the magnetic microspheres in terms of morphology, composite microstructure, size and size distribution, and magnetic properties. Results show that the preparation produces magnetic microspheres with a good spherical morphology, small size (mean diameter of 1.2–1.5 μm) by means of large size distributions, and magnetizations up to 20–30 emu/g of microspheres.     

Preparation of magnetite–dextran microspheres by ultrasonication

An improved method of preparing magnetite–dextran microspheres by ultrasonication is proposed. Several parameters were evaluated and the characteristics of the microspheres investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), particle size analyzer and magnetometer. The results show that the initial Fe/dextran ratio is the most effective parameter for both the size and the magnetic properties.     

Upon a magnetic composite preparation based on magnetite and poly(succinimide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) shell

Taking into account that magnetic particles with suitable surface characteristics have a high potential for the use in a lot of in vitro and in vivo applications, in the study is presented the in situ preparation of a core-shell magnetic composite based on the magnetite core and the shell composed from the poly(succinimide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer. The average particle size of the synthesized magnetic microspheres is in the range of 6.5-8.8 μm with a magnetite content of around 11%. The saturation magnetization of the microspheres was found 26.8 emu/g, the magnetic microspheres being characterized by superparamagnetic properties. The particles have combined properties of high magnetic saturation and biocompatibility and interactive functions at the surface through the block copolymer shell. The surface of the magnetic particles has also the possibility for further functionalization or the attachment of various bioactive molecules after the hydrolysis of the succinimide cycle and the resulting carboxylic group.     

Chitosan magnetic microspheres for technological applications: Preparation and characterization

One of the major applications of chitosan and its many derivatives are based on its ability to bind strongly heavy and toxic metal ions. In this study chitosan magnetic microspheres have been synthesized. Acetic acid (1%w/v) solution was used as solvent for the chitosan polymer solution (2%w/v) where magnetite nanoparticles were suspended in order to obtain a stable ferrofluid. Glutaraldehyde was used as cross-linker. The magnetic characteristic of these materials allows an easy removal after use if is necessary. The morphological characterization of the microspheres shows that they can be produced in the size range 800–1100 μm.The adsorption of Cu(II) onto chitosan–magnetite nanoparticles was studied in batch system. A second-order kinetic model was used to fit the kinetic data, leading to an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 19 mg Cu/g chitosan.     

Preparation and characterization of magnetic P(St-co-MAA-co-AM) microspheres

In this study, magnetic polymer-coated microspheres were prepared by the microemulsion polymerization of styrene (St), methacrylic acid (MAA), acryamide (AM) in the presence of emulsifiers with the size of 1–5 μm. The magnetic material (i.e. Fe₃O₄) coated with oleic acid used in the preparation of the microspheres was synthesized in a classical co-precipitation procedure. The morphological and magnetic properties of the microspheres were investigated by different techniques (i.e. TEM, TGA, optical microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer). The results indicated that the magnetic microspheres were superparamagnetic, well shaped spheres, mono-dispersed with abundant functional groups on the surfaces of the magnetic microspheres and good thermal stability. The microspheres could be linked well with the avidin and FITC antibody.     

Novel magnetic Fe onion-like fullerene micrometer-sized particles of narrow size distribution

Magnetic polydivinylbenzene (PDVB)/magnetite micrometer-sized particles of narrow size distribution were prepared by entrapping Fe(CO)₅ within the pores of uniform porous PDVB particles, followed by the thermal decomposition of the encapsulated Fe(CO)₅ at 300 °C in a sealed cell under inert atmosphere. Magnetic Fe onion-like fullerene micrometer-sized particles of narrow size distribution have been prepared by the thermal decomposition of the PDVB/magnetite magnetic microspheres at 1100 °C under inert atmosphere. The graphitic coating protects the elemental iron particles from oxidation and thereby preserves their very high magnetic moment for at least a year. Characterization of these unique magnetic carbon graphitic particles was also performed.     

无机-高分子磁性复合粒子的制备与表征

详细地研究了乳化剂用量对种子乳液聚合反应的影响,并成功地制备出粒径约为３００的苯乙烯／丙烯酸共聚小球。另外,还报道使用化学共沉淀法使无机粒子与高分子球复合,制备出高分子球为核,无机粒子为壳层的磁性复合料子,使用ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ等手段对此复合料子进行了表征。同时,进一步研究了这种复合粒子悬浮液的悬浮性能以及粘度随磁场的变化情况。     

Preparation of nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-lactide) biocomposite microspheres

Nano-hydroxyapatite (HA)/poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) composite microspheres with relatively uniform size distribution were prepared by a solid-in-oil-in-water (s/o/w) emusion solvent evaporation method. The encapsulation of the HA nanopaticles in microshperes was significantly improved by grafting PLLA on the surface of the HA nanoparticles (p-HA) during emulsion process. This procedure gave a possibility to obtain p-HA/PLLA composite microspheres with uniform morphology and the encapsulated p-HA nanoparticle loading reached up to 40 wt% (33 wt% of pure HA) in the p-HA/PLLA composite microspheres. The microstructure of composite microspheres from core-shell to single phase changed with the variation of p-HA to PLLA ratios. p-HA/PLLA composite microspheres with the diameter range of 2–3 μm were obtained. The entrapment efficiency of p-HA in microspheres could high up to 90 wt% and that of HA was only 13 wt%. Surface and bulk characterizations of the composite microspheres were performed by measurements such as wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).     

非磁性微球掺杂对纳米磁流体场诱导双折射特性的影响

利用二氧化硅和聚苯乙烯非磁性微球掺入铁氧体纯磁流体中,制得了复合磁流体.定性地研究了复合磁流体在外磁场作用下的双折射与非磁性微球的种类、掺杂浓度以及纯磁流体自身浓度的关系.研究表明,不同浓度的纯磁流体掺杂等量的聚苯乙烯微球对其双折射随磁场的变化趋势影响不同|同一浓度的纯磁流体掺杂不同种类的非磁性微球,对其双折射的影响也不同|掺杂等量但不同比例的两种非磁性混合微球所形成的复合磁流体中,其中一种非磁性微球对其双折射的影响起主导作用,使得该复合磁流体双折射随磁场的变化趋势与起主导作用的非磁性微球单独掺杂时相似.     

包覆镍铁氧体纳米粒子的空心玻璃微珠复合材料的制备与电磁性能研究

"用高分子凝胶法制备了包覆镍铁氧体纳米粒子的空心玻璃微珠复合材料．玻璃微珠含量为25%、50%和75%的复合粉的结构、表面形貌和电磁性能分别用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱仪、红外光谱和HP8510网络分析仪来表征．结果表明,复合粉由镍铁氧体、石英和莫来石相组成．随着微珠含量的增加,镍铁氧体衍射峰强度迅速降低,莫来石衍射峰强度迅速增强．当温度达到800 ℃时,纯尖晶石结构的镍铁氧体在玻璃微珠表面生成．当玻璃微珠含量为50%时可获得均一、连续的镍铁氧体涂层．大部分镍铁氧体粒子的尺寸小于80 nm．玻璃微珠含量     

Separation of PCR-ready DNA from dairy products using magnetic hydrophilic microspheres and poly(ethylene glycol)-NaCl water solutions

Carboxyl group-containing magnetic nonporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(HEMA-co-GMA)) and magnetic glass microspheres were used for the isolation of bacterial DNA. P(HEMA-co-GMA) microspheres were prepared by the dispersion polymerization in toluene/2-methylpropan-1-ol mixture in the presence of magnetite nanoparticles obtained by coprecipitation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) salts with ammonium hydroxide. Carboxyl groups were then introduced by oxidation of the microspheres with potassium permanganate. The most extensive DNA recovery was achieved at PEG 6000 concentrations of 12% or 16% and 2 M NaCl. The method proposed was used for bacterial DNA isolation from different dairy products containing Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus cells. The presence of target DNA and the quality of isolated DNA were checked by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with specific primers.     

Preparation of magnetic poly(methylmethacrylate–divinylbenzene–glycidylmethacrylate) microspheres by spraying suspension polymerization and their use for protein adsorption

Moderately uniform magnetic poly(methylmethacrylate–divinylbenzene–glycidylmethacrylate) microspheres (poly(MMA–DVB–GMA) microspheres) were prepared by spraying suspension copolymerization of methyl methacrylate, divinylbenzene and glycidyl methacrylate in the presence of Fe₃O₄ magnetic fluid. A protein adsorption assay indicated that these magnetic microspheres could significantly improve the capacity of protein adsorption.     

Preparation of biodegradable magnetic microspheres with poly(lactic acid)-coated magnetite

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-coated magnetic nanoparticles were made using uncapped PLA with free carboxylate groups. The physical properties of these particles were compared to those of oleate-coated or oleate/sulphonate bilayer (W40) coated magnetic particles. Magnetic microspheres (MMS) with the matrix material poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) or PLA were then formed by the emulsion solvent extraction method with encapsulation efficiencies of 40%, 83% and 96% for oleate, PLA and oleate/sulfonate-coated magnetic particles, respectively. MMS made from PLA-coated magnetite were hemocompatible and produced no hemolysis, whereas the other MMS were hemolytic above 0.3 mg/mL of blood.     

Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Microspheres with an Epoxy Group Coating and Their Applications for Lipase Immobilization

Magnetic microspheres coated with epoxy groups (Ep) were prepared by suspension polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and styrene (St) in the presence of oleic acid-coated Fe₃O₄ (OA-Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles, using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-link reagent. The resulting magnetic microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). It was verified that the magnetic microspheres had small diameters of 10–30 μm, as well as having super paramagnetism with a saturation magnetization of 10.5 emu/g. Porcine pancreas lipase (PPL) was selected as a model enzyme to be covalently immobilized (IPPL) on the magnetic microspheres via the reactive Ep; they had an activity yield up to 58.6%, when the protein loading reached 55.4 mg/g supports. In addition, the resulting immobilized lipases exhibited a better thermal stability, temperature and pH endurance than that of the free ones. In particular, an excellent reusability of IPPL, which could meet industrial requirements, was achieved.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Polymer Microspheres

In this study, amino group–modified magnetic polymer microspheres were synthesized in a well‐shaped spherical form with a size range of 0.6 μm to 0.8 μm by mini‐emulsion polymerization. The morphology, composition, and thermal properties of the magnetic polymer microspheres were characterized by infrared (IR) spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photographs, particle size analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) spectra. The results demonstrate that acrylic acid used for stabilizing the reaction system greatly affects the particle size, magnetite contents, and thermal stability of magnetic polymer microspheres.     

Microwave absorption behavior of a polyaniline magnetic composite in the X-band

The development of nanosized materials is a subject of considerable interest both for understanding of the fundamental properties of magnetic materials for new technological applications. Polyaniline, composites Fe₃O₄/(PANI) with conducting, magnetic and electromagnetic properties with different amounts of Fe₃O₄ were successfully prepared. The samples were structurally characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and magnetically, with a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. In order to explore microwave-absorbing properties in X-band, the composite nanoparticles were mixed with an epoxy resin to be converted into a microwave-absorbing composite. Microwave behavior with different Fe₃O₄/(PANI)-epoxy resin ratio was studied using a microwave vector network analyzer (VNA) in the range 7.5 to 13 GHz. For a constant thickness of 1.5 mm, absorption increases with the magnetite contents in the composites and in the oriented samples by the application of a magnetic field.     

Mössbauer and magnetic investigations of high-iron samples of energy ashes

Mössbauer, magnetic, and X-ray studies of magnetic microspheres separated from energy ashes have been performed. The major component of the composition of the microspheres is an imperfect magnetite with cation vacancies in which iron is located in trivalent and mixed-valence positions characteristic of stoichiometric magnetite. Moreover, the Fe³⁺ and Fe^2.5+ positions with a cation vacancy among the nearest neighbors and the positions with a partial localization of 3d electrons have been identified.     

Preparation of magnetic polylactic acid microspheres and investigation of its releasing property for loading curcumin

In order to obtain a targeting drug carrier system, magnetic polylactic acid (PLA) microspheres loading curcumin were synthesized by the classical oil-in-water emulsion solvent-evaporation method. In the Fourier transform infrared spectra of microspheres, the present functional groups of PLA were all kept invariably. The morphology and size distribution of magnetic microspheres were observed with scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, respectively. The results showed that the microspheres were regularly spherical and the surface was smooth with a diameter of 0.55-0.75 μm. Magnetic Fe₃O₄ was loaded in PLA microspheres and the content of magnetic particles was 12 wt% through thermogravimetric analysis. The magnetic property of prepared microspheres was measured by vibrating sample magnetometer. The results showed that the magnetic microspheres exhibited typical superparamagnetic behavior and the saturated magnetization was 14.38 emu/g. Through analysis of differential scanning calorimetry, the curcumin was in an amorphous state in the magnetic microspheres. The drug loading, encapsulation efficiency and releasing properties of curcumin in vitro were also investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectrum analysis. The results showed that the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were 8.0% and 24.2%, respectively. And curcumin was obviously slowly released because the cumulative release percentage of magnetic microspheres in the phosphate buffer (pH=7.4) solution was only 49.01% in 72 h, and the basic release of curcumin finished in 120 h.