OTF测试系统软件分析

本文介绍了GCA Tropel 2000MK-Ⅱ光学传递函数(OTF)测试系统的计算机软件,着重分析了测试参数的选择与计算、自动调焦和OTF 计算等过程。     

便于计算高焦光学系统的OTF的较精确算式

本文从基尔霍夫衍射积分公式出发,在弱于菲涅耳条件的近似下,以高斯像面的像差量及系统的离焦量为参变量,导出了便于计算离焦光学系统的OTF的普遍算式。利用此算式,只需通过光线追迹得出高斯像面上的像差分布,便可求得对应一系列离焦量的实际像面上的OTF值,而不必对每一实际像面进行像差计算。对于研究光学系统在不同离焦状态下的OTF的变化规律,本算式是方便的。最后,给出了衍射受限系统处于离焦状态下轴上OTF的计算实例。     

镜头优选中Walsh函数对轴上象波动光学传递函数的评价

本文把以Walsh函数为基础的光学成象分析引用到评价轴上象的波动OTF,从而获得了计算OTF的部分分析且简化的表达式。此式适应于镜头优选和容限分析的直接计算。在评价OTF过程中,对于不同光瞳平面参数需重复计算OTF,应用上述表达式,计算速度得到了很大提高。本文列举了一些运算结果,并与其它方法所获得的结果进行了比较。     

关于OTF比较计算的建议

七十年代初期,随着电子计算机在光学计算上的应用,国内一些单位先后开始了光学传递函数(OTF)的计算工作。OTF的计算工作与国外相比我们起步大约晚十年,经过十多年的努力,我们与国外的差距正在逐步缩小。目前,编制了OTF程序的单位已有二十个左右,至于使用OTF程序的单位就更多了。     

存在横向色差时白光OTF的计算

存在横向色差时,为了减小白光 OTF 的数值误差,采用了横向色差插值法和 sinc 函数 Hopkins 算法。一、引言存在横向色差时,每种单色OTF都有其各自的PTF,于是在OTF的相位空间坐标内,     

紫外光学传递函数测量装置研究

光学传递函数是评价光学系统成像质量的重要指标,针对目前光学传递函数测量只能覆盖可见光和红外波段,自行研制了紫外波段(260 nm～400 nm)光学传递函数（OTF）测量装置。介绍了装置的原理及组成,采用中心波长为0=300 nm和0=380 nm 2种OTF标准镜头在2个光谱范围内对OTF测量装置进行了标定和测试,结果表明:调制传递函数（MTF）的测量值与理论值的偏差:0.03（轴上）;0.05（轴外）。最后,对装置的测量不确定度进行了评估。     

大口径可见光到红外波段光学传递函数测试仪的标定

大口径可见光到红外波段OTF测试仪测量功能齐全 ,即可测量照相系统、望远系统的光学传递函数 (OTF) ,并且兼有测量焦距、放大率和光谱透射比等参数的功能。通过用OTF标准镜头进行标定 ,开展OTF国际比对工作 ,为建立OTF计量标准打下基础。该系统测量不确定度为 :可见光至近红外波段 :轴上 0 0 3、轴外 0 0 5 ;红外波段 :轴上0 0 4、轴外 0 0 6。重复性 :0 0 1(RMS)。主要性能指标均达到当前国际先进水平。     

光电成像系统动像光学传递函数

在论述光电成像系统时间响应特性图像运动的基础上,提出并完善了光电成像系统动像光学传递函数的数理模型,除已导出的匀速运动和简谐振动下的动像LSF和OTF公式外,又导出了匀加速运动下动像LSF和OTF公式以及椭圆、圆周运动下的两维动像PSF和OTF公式,从而可以全面计算、分析光电成像系统的动像传递特性,为更深入研究动态光电成像奠定了理论基础.     

一种基于OTF稳定性的波前编码相位板优化方法

提出了一种简单的可用于光学系统中子午弧矢方向白光OTF稳定性评价的波前编码相位板参量优化方法.该方法仅以标准偏差来评价OTF在目标景深范围内的稳定性,并且结合自适应模拟退火算法在参量空间内优化得到相位板的最佳参量.使用该方法优化得到的相位板参量,可以大幅度提高光学系统的景深,并且可以获得更为清晰、稳定的成像.对应用波前编码技术前后光学系统的成像性能作了比较,并且考察了优化参量的容差性.     

利用周期白光线源的光学图象相减

光学图象相减是信号综合的一个重要分支,目的在于获得图象之间的差别信息,它可以应用于地球资源探测、医学、气象学、自动监视、图象识别、城市发展研究等领域,也可用于编码孔成象与OTF综合等技术。D.Gabor等第一次提出用复振幅对光学象进行综合——加或减。J.F.Ebersole对这一领域的实验方法作了较全面的评述,在此以后又有若干进展。     

OTF-based optimization criteria for automatic optical design

Optimization techniques for lens design require that some criterion, or figure of merit, is chosen to describe the performance of the optical system. This study is concerned with systems where the true criterion is the diffraction optical transfer function (OTF). Recent investigations [1] have shown that the geometrical approximation to the diffraction OTF is a valid criterion for OTF optimization for all practical ranges of aberration size and spatial frequency. This paper gives details of these investigations, and compares the geometric criterion with other optimization criteria. It will be shown that in most cases the geometric criterion is markedly superior.     

Decomposition of the optical transfer function: wavefront coding imaging systems

We describe the mapping of the optical transfer function (OTF) of an incoherent imaging system into a geometrical representation. We show that for defocused traditional and wavefront-coded systems the OTF can be represented as a generalized Cornu spiral. This representation provides a physical insight into the way in which wavefront coding can increase the depth of field of an imaging system and permits analytical quantification of salient OTF parameters, such as the depth of focus, the location of nulls, and amplitude and phase modulation of the wavefront-coding OTF.     

Edge-view photodetector for optical interconnects

A new semiconductor photodetector design is reported. The PIN active area of the photodetector is fabricated on a sloping sidewall of a mesa structure. The photodetector is referred to as an edge-view photodetector (EVPD) and simplifies the integration of optical circuits by direct end coupling, eliminating the need for 45 degrees mirrors. The EVPD geometry can reduce the cost of optical interconnects by simplifying the fabrication process and making possible automatic alignment between photodetectors and waveguides or optical fibers. The EVPD fabrication process and initial measurement results are presented. The main processing steps include deep anisotropic chemical etching, material growth, and lithography on a 3-D surface.     

The modeling and the optimization of a grating optical low-pass filter

Through the one-dimensional analysis of the diffraction of a phase grating, we calculated the optical transfer function (OTF) of a phase grating. By a 0th-order approximation of the optical transfer function, we analyzed the feasibility of using it as a spatial frequency filter and obtained the structure of a grating for the optimum-filtering characteristics. The OTF of a phase grating as an optical low-pass filter is optimal when the incoming light is equally divided into three beams. The distance of those beams must be equal to the pixel size. The theoretical development was verified through an experiment. Received: 21 May 2001 / Revised version: 16 July 2001 / Published online: 15 October 2001     

The design and construction of a large aperture optical system using holographic and interferometric testing techniques

In the design and construction of a large aperture optical system problems were encountered in figuring the optical elements and in mounting them to achieve mechanical stability. The various optical tests which were used to help overcome these problems on a system comprising refracting, reflecting, and Mangin elements are described. Test plates, star tests, OTF, Twyman-Green, and holographic techniques were all used at some stage, and the application for which each was used and the reasons why it was considered the most suitable technique are discussed.     

Solving the atmospheric scattering optical transfer function using the multi-coupled single scattering method

The atmospheric scattering optical transfer function （OTF） is solved by applying the multi-coupled single scattering （MCSS） method to the three-dimensional radiative transfer equation （RTE） under the periodic ground condition. This approach is a direct hit to the atmospheric scattering OTF using the same original context of modulation transfer function （MTF） measurement, i.e., images of sinusoidal grating at different spatial frequencies. Both the amplitude and phase shift of the OTF at various zenith and azimuth angles can be obtained at an arbitrary spatial frequency.     

部分相干光学成像系统的光学传递函数和像质评价准则

根据光学成像理论，建立了部分相干成像光学系统的光学传递函数。该函数与非相干成像光学系统传递函数相同，因而部分相干成像和非相干成像两者的光学系统波面像差公差标准也是相同的。这一点解释了显微镜光学系统的光学设计惯用法则：镜头像差公差标准的选择，并不因为采用成像照明方式的不同而有所差异。     

高精度OTF标准望远镜的研制

为了建立光学计量标准的需要，研制了光学传递函数标准望远镜。研制中采用了一系列高精度的光学设计、制造和检测技术，本文总结设计原则和设计方法、光学结构参数测量、ＭＴＦ准确计算、ＭＴＦ测量以及ＭＴＦ的不确定度评定等一些关键技术问题。最后，介绍标准望远镜的主要技术性能。实测结果表明，其ＭＴＦ扩展不确定度达到轴上００３，轴外００６，是迄今国际报道的最好结果。