单轴应变SiNMOSFET源漏电流特性模型

本文在建立单轴应变Si NMOSFET迁移率模型和阈值电压模型的基础上, 基于器件不同的工作区域, 从基本的漂移扩散方程出发, 分别建立了单轴应变Si NMOSFET源漏电流模型. 其中将应力的影响显式地体现在迁移率和阈值电压模型中, 使得所建立的模型能直观地反映出源漏电流特性与应力强度的关系. 并且对于亚阈区电流模型, 基于亚阈区反型电荷, 而不是采用常用的有效沟道厚度近似的概念, 从而提高了模型的精度. 同时将所建模型的仿真结果与实验结果进行了比较, 验证了模型的可行性. 该模型已经被嵌入进电路仿真器中, 实现了对单轴应变Si MOSFET 器件和电路的模拟仿真.     

考虑量子效应的短沟道MOSFET二维阈值电压模型

通过数值方法求解泊松方程和薛定谔方程的自洽解，提出了考虑量子效应时不同于经典理论的阈值条件，并得出了精确的一维阈值电压模型，模拟结果与实验十分符合.在此基础上，基于准二维泊松方程，通过考虑短沟道效应和量子效应，建立了较为精确的适合于小尺寸MOSFET的量子修正阈值电压模型,模型同样适用于(超)深亚微米高k栅介质MOSFET电特性的模拟和结构参数的设计. 关键词： 阈值电压 量子效应 短沟道效应 高k栅介质     

辐射扩散方程的自适应坐标变换方法

借鉴自适应坐标变换流体力学方法和其他一些有益工作，研究辐射扩散方程的自适应坐标变换方法，并考虑辐射扩散和流体力学耦合的辐射流体力学问题。对辐射扩散方程和一般二维对流扩散方程，从积分和微分形式出发，导出自适应坐标变换下的等价形式，对数值离散格式进行初步讨论。对二维三温辐射扩散方程，采用时空有限体积方法，进行数值离散；利用局部函数近似离散扩散算子。利用合理的进程分裂，简化耦合问题的计算。     

碳遮光石英气凝胶传热机制与热性能数值模拟

建立了碳遮光石英气凝胶传热机制及热性能数值模拟方法,在交叉立方阵列导热模型、热辐射传输谱带模型、辐射导热耦合传热模型基础上,采用蒙特卡罗方法与有限体积法数值模拟了气凝胶内的热辐射传输及辐射导热耦合传热,并以表观导热系数描述气凝胶传热性能.以某石英气凝胶为例,定量模拟了热性能、各种传热方式的作用及温度依赖性,分析了应用Rosseland扩散近似引起的误差.     

金属-氧化物-半导体场效应管辐射效应模型研究

基于氧化层陷阱电荷以及界面陷阱电荷的产生动力学以及辐射应力损伤的微观机理,推导出了金属-氧化物-半导体场效应管(MOSFET)中辐射应力引起的氧化层陷阱电荷、界面陷阱电荷导致的阈值电压漂移量与辐射剂量之间定量关系的模型. 根据模型可以得到:低剂量情况下,氧化层陷阱电荷与界面陷阱电荷导致的阈值电压漂移量与辐射剂量成正比;高剂量情况下,氧化层陷阱电荷导致的阈值电压漂移量发生饱和, 其峰值与辐射剂量无关,界面陷阱电荷导致的阈值电压漂移量与辐射剂量呈指数关系. 另外,模型还表明氧化层陷阱电荷与界面陷阱电荷在不同的辐射剂量点开始产生饱和现象, 其中界面陷阱电荷先于氧化层陷阱电荷产生饱和现象.最后,用实验验证了该模型的正确性. 该模型可以较为准确地预测辐射应力作用下MOSFET的退化情况.     

一种可扩展的三维半导体器件并行数值模拟算法

在基于漂移-扩散模型的三维半导体器件数值模拟中,通过有限体积法进行数值离散,采用完全耦合的牛顿迭代求解非线性代数方程组,并使用基于代数多重网格预条件子的GMRES方法求解牛顿迭代中的线性方程组,构造一种稳健且高度可扩展的非结构四面体网格上求解半导体方程的并行算法.基于PHG平台实现该算法的并行计算程序,并对PN结和MOS场效应晶体管等问题进行了最大网格规模达到5亿单元、最大并行规模达到1 024进程的大规模数值模拟实验,结果表明,该算法计算效率高,可扩展性好.     

棒状分子聚合物溶液的微宏观数值模拟

利用微宏观耦合方法模拟了棒状分子聚合物溶液在平板Couette流动中的复杂流变行为,其中微宏观模型通过非均匀Doi理论来描述.数值模拟中,应用有限体积方法耦合求解了介观尺度上的Smoluchowski方程和宏观尺度上的流场守恒方程.数值结果不仅得到了若干种典型的流动类型,而且还预测了另外两种新的复合瑕疵结构.数值试验表明：棒状分子聚合物的流变结构主要依赖于De数、分子相对尺度以及溶液浓度常数的取值;并且De数对分子指向矢的翻滚周期、随流取向角等微观特性也均有明显影响. 关键词： 棒状分子 聚合物溶液 微宏观模拟     

考虑量子化效应的MOSFET阈值电压解析模型

根据改进后的三角势阱场近似，并考虑量子化效应，提出了一种基于物理的阈值电压解析模型，给出了MOSFET的阈值电压解析表达式，并与经典理论和数值模拟结果进行了比较. 关键词： 量子效应 阈值电压 反型层 表面势     

基于辐照前1/f噪声的金属-氧化物-半导体场效应晶体管潜在缺陷退化模型

基于金属-氧化物-半导体-场效应管(MOSFET)辐射损伤的微观机理,推导出了MOSFET经历辐照之后氧化层空穴俘获与阈值电压漂移之间关系的表达式.又根据MOSFET中1/f噪声产生的微观机理,建立了辐照之前MOSFET的1/f噪声功率谱幅值与阈值电压漂移量之间的定量关系,并通过实验予以验证.结果表明,辐照之前的1/f噪声功率谱幅值与辐照之后的阈值电压漂移量存在正比例关系,阈值电压漂移量可以反映出MOSFET内部的潜在缺陷的退化程度,因此,该模型有助于利用1/f噪声参量来表征MOSFET内部潜在缺陷的数量和严重程度.     

部分耗尽SOI MOSFET总剂量效应与偏置状态的关系

实验表明SOI MOSFET掩埋氧化层中的总剂量辐射效应与辐射过程中的偏置状态有关. 对诱发背沟道泄漏电流的陷阱电荷进行了研究. 建立一个数值模型来模拟不同偏置下陷进电荷的建立, 它包括辐射产生的载流子复合和俘获的过程. 模拟结果与实验结果相符, 解释了总剂量辐射效应受偏置状态影响的机理.     

Full-band CA/Monte Carlo modeling of ultrasmall FETs

The modeling of ultra-small MOSFETs is presented using a newly developed full-band, hybrid ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC)-cellular automata (CA) device simulator. In this hybrid approach charge transport is simulated using the CA in regions of momentum space where most scattering events occur and the EMC elsewhere, thus optimizing the trade-off between the fast, but memory-consuming CA method and the slower EMC method. In order to efficiently model 3D ultra-small FETs, the hybrid algorithm is coupled self-consistently with a 2D and 3D multi-grid Poisson solver.     

Realizable high-order finite-volume schemes for quadrature-based moment methods

Dilute gas–particle flows can be described by a kinetic equation containing terms for spatial transport, gravity, fluid drag and particle–particle collisions. However, direct numerical solution of kinetic equations is often infeasible because of the large number of independent variables. An alternative is to reformulate the problem in terms of the moments of the velocity distribution. Recently, a quadrature-based moment method was derived for approximating solutions to kinetic equations. The success of the new method is based on a moment-inversion algorithm that is used to calculate non-negative weights and abscissas from the moments. The moment-inversion algorithm does not work if the moments are non-realizable, which might lead to negative weights. It has been recently shown [14] that realizability is guaranteed only with the 1st-order finite-volume scheme that has an inherent problem of excessive numerical diffusion. The use of high-order finite-volume schemes may lead to non-realizable moments. In the present work, realizability of the finite-volume schemes in both space and time is discussed for the 1st time. A generalized idea for developing realizable high-order finite-volume schemes for quadrature-based moment methods is presented. These finite-volume schemes give remarkable improvement in the solutions for a certain class of problems. It is also shown that the standard Runge–Kutta time-integration schemes do not guarantee realizability. However, realizability can be guaranteed if strong stability-preserving (SSP) Runge–Kutta schemes are used. Numerical results are presented on both Cartesian and triangular meshes.     

Adaptive multiscale finite-volume method for nonlinear multiphase transport in heterogeneous formations

In the previous multiscale finite-volume (MSFV) method, an efficient and accurate multiscale approach was proposed to solve the elliptic flow equation. The reconstructed fine-scale velocity field was then used to solve the nonlinear hyperbolic transport equation for the fine-scale saturations using an overlapping Schwarz scheme. A coarse-scale system for the transport equations was not derived because of the hyperbolic character of the governing equations and intricate nonlinear interactions between the saturation field and the underlying heterogeneous permeability distribution. In this paper, we describe a sequential implicit multiscale finite-volume framework for coupled flow and transport with general prolongation and restriction operations for both pressure and saturation, in which three adaptive prolongation operators for the saturation are used. In regions with rapid pressure and saturation changes, the original approach, with full reconstruction of the velocity field and overlapping Schwarz, is used to compute the saturations. In regions where the temporal changes in velocity or saturation can be represented by asymptotic linear approximations, two additional approximate prolongation operators are proposed. The efficiency and accuracy are evaluated for two-phase incompressible flow in two- and three-dimensional domains. The new adaptive algorithm is tested using various models with homogeneous and heterogeneous permeabilities. It is demonstrated that the multiscale results with the adaptive transport calculation are in excellent agreement with the fine-scale solutions. Furthermore, the adaptive multiscale scheme of flow and transport is much more computationally efficient compared with the previous MSFV method and conventional fine-scale reservoir simulation methods.     

A fourth-order adaptive mesh refinement algorithm for the multicomponent,reacting compressible Navier–Stokes equations

In this paper, we present a fourth-order in space and time block-structured adaptive mesh refinement algorithm for the compressible multicomponent reacting Navier–Stokes equations. The algorithm uses a finite-volume approach that incorporates a fourth-order discretisation of the convective terms. The time-stepping algorithm is based on a multi-level spectral deferred corrections method that enables explicit treatment of advection and diffusion coupled with an implicit treatment of reactions. The temporal scheme is embedded in a block-structured adaptive mesh refinement algorithm that includes subcycling in time with spectral deferred correction sweeps applied on levels. Here we present the details of the multi-level scheme paying particular attention to the treatment of coarse–fine boundaries required to maintain fourth-order accuracy in time. We then demonstrate the convergence properties of the algorithm on several test cases including both non-reacting and reacting flows. Finally we present simulations of a vitiated dimethyl ether jet in 2D and a turbulent hydrogen jet in 3D, both with detailed kinetics and transport.     

A multi-block ADI finite-volume method for incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in complex geometries

An efficient second-order accurate finite-volume method is developed for a solution of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations on complex multi-block structured curvilinear grids. Unlike in the finite-volume or finite-difference-based alternating-direction-implicit (ADI) methods, where factorization of the coordinate transformed governing equations is performed along generalized coordinate directions, in the proposed method, the discretized Cartesian form Navier–Stokes equations are factored along curvilinear grid lines. The new ADI finite-volume method is also extended for simulations on multi-block structured curvilinear grids with which complex geometries can be efficiently resolved. The numerical method is first developed for an unsteady convection–diffusion equation, then is extended for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The order of accuracy and stability characteristics of the present method are analyzed in simulations of an unsteady convection–diffusion problem, decaying vortices, flow in a lid-driven cavity, flow over a circular cylinder, and turbulent flow through a planar channel. Numerical solutions predicted by the proposed ADI finite-volume method are found to be in good agreement with experimental and other numerical data, while the solutions are obtained at much lower computational cost than those required by other iterative methods without factorization. For a simulation on a grid with O(10⁵) cells, the computational time required by the present ADI-based method for a solution of momentum equations is found to be less than 20% of that required by a method employing a biconjugate-gradient-stabilized scheme.     

钝体后湍流预混燃烧的PDF模拟

本文采用PDF方法对矩形燃烧室内钝体后的湍流预混火焰进行了数值模拟。脉动速度-频率-标量联合的PDF输运方程用Monte Carlo方法求解,质量、动量和能量的平均值由基于无结构网格的有限体积法求解,压力通过状态方程获得。PDF方程中所需的平均密度、平均速度和压力由有限体积法提供,并将用Monte Carlo方法求出的雷诺应力、化学反应源项和比热比传递给有限体积法。本文对丙烷和空气燃烧的不同简化化学反应机理进行了研究,并与实验结果进行比较,获得满意的结果。     

用多重网格TVD－LW格式数值求解N－S方程

用多重网格ＴＶＤ－ＬＷ格式数值求解Ｎ－Ｓ方程刘建军，蒋洪德（中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京１０００８０）关键词：ＴＶＤ－ＬＷ格式，Ｎ－Ｓ方程一、前言用时间推进法数值求解雷诺平均Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程，不仅能够模拟从低亚音速到高超音速的复杂定常...     

Influence of thermal boundary conditions on the double-diffusive process in a binary mixture

This paper presents a precise numerical simulation of the transport processes in a rectangular cavity saturated with a binary liquid mixture. The full transient Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the mass and heat transfer equations are solved, numerically, using the finite-volume method. After validation against a proven commercial code comparing solutions on a benchmark natural convection problem, the newly developed code is used for a series of numerical experiments. Realistic thermal boundary conditions have been chosen, and the more drastic situation of power loss while conducting the experiment in microgravity is considered. The molecular and thermal diffusion coefficients are computed from theoretical models. Results reveal that, when vertical walls are held at constant but different temperatures, species separate in both the longitudinal and the transverse directions as radiation is allowed to take place along the horizontal walls. The numerical experiments performed clearly demonstrate that the kinetics of the mass transport in the mixture are conditioned by the ability to monitor the heat sources properly. Specifically, sudden temperature changes strongly disturb species separation in the experimental cells. This paper provides some trends for the accurate analysis of experiments involving mass transport inasmuch as the convective level is low enough to allow evaluation of the transport coefficients.     

The Numerical Algorithm of Secondary Emission Microwave Electron Gun

a tracking algorithm using grid–based space charge fields is studied for the analysis of secondary emission microwave electron gun(semeg). the poisson equations of the space charge forces are determined in the bunchs rest frame with a multi–grid method. the particles equations of motion are solved with a fifth–order embedded runge–Kutta method. the results of the semeg by this algorithm are presented and compared with these by mafia algorithm.     

Estimation of emissivities in a two-dimensional irregular geometry by inverse radiation analysis using hybrid genetic algorithm

An inverse radiation analysis is presented for estimating the wall emissivities for an absorbing, emitting, scattering media in a two-dimensional irregular geometry with diffusely emitting and reflecting opaque boundaries from the measured temperatures. The finite-volume method was employed to solve the radiative transfer equation for 2D irregular geometry. The hybrid genetic algorithm which contains local optimization algorithm was adopted to estimate wall emissivities by minimizing an objective function, while reducing computation time. It was found that an increase in the standard deviation in measurements significantly deteriorated the estimation of wall emissivities. Thus, a very accurate measurement was required in inverse radiation for better estimation of wall emissivities, especially, in a high temperature environment.