多视高分辨率纹理图像与双目三维点云的映射方法

针对双目立体视觉重建点云模型与高分辨率纹理图像的融合问题,本文提出了一种新的纹理映射方法。在双目立体视觉系统上增设长焦纹理相机拍摄高分辨率纹理图像,利用高分辨率纹理图像与双目图像的二维特征匹配,以双目图像为桥梁,得到纹理图像与三维点云模型的匹配关系,进而实现高分辨率纹理图像到三维点云模型的映射。同时,针对映射过程中多视纹理图像重叠部分的数据冗余,提出一种引导线点云数据分区方法,有效解决了多视纹理图像重叠部分的映射问题。通过实验验证,所提方法能够方便准确地实现多视纹理图像与双目三维点云模型的纹理映射。在本文实验条件下,三维模型的纹理可分辨原始线宽为0.157 mm的线对,与双目系统直接产生的三维模型相比,其纹理分辨率提高了1倍,验证了所提出的多视高分辨率纹理映射方法的有效性。     

对复杂自由曲面的纹理重建方法

提出一种基于马尔科夫优化策略复杂自由曲面的纹理重建方法,该方法利用实验室研制的三维数字化设备对目标物体的深度数据和纹理数据进行采集,将局部采集的深度像数据匹配到全局坐标系下,建立物体的几何模型;然后通过坐标变换,把采集的纹理照片映射到重建的几何模型表面,并进行曲面纹理融合处理,实现自由曲面的纹理重建.该方法对物体的形貌没要求,能实现结构复杂的自由曲面的纹理重建,得到高保真质量的真实感模型.采用该算法对几种不同的实物进行数据采集和真实感三维重建,实验结果验证了算法的可靠性和有效性.     

基于双目光栅重建和纹理映射的缺陷三维测量方法

针对工业检测中对表面缺陷的高精度检测和定位需求,提出了一种缺陷特征重建方法。通过在基于双目光栅投影的三维重构系统上附加纹理相机,实现对于重构点云模型的纹理映射,并结合纹理相机图像中提取到的特征区域,完成表面特征的三维重构。针对待测物体需要进行多视角重建的情况,引入精密转台,利用旋转轴标定方法获取不同旋转位置下纹理图像与点云数据的映射关系,并利用基于距离判据的判断方法实现了对遮挡部分点云的剔除。采用四象限临近点搜索和基于距离加权平均的线性插值方法对纹理图像中像素坐标进行三维测量。实验完成了对于图像中标注缺陷轮廓内像素点的重建,实现了对于表面特征的精确尺寸计算和定位,通过对重建的缺陷尺寸和位置进行计算并与影像测量仪测得结果进行对比,可得本文方案对缺陷三维尺寸和位置的测量误差不超过0.2 mm,且能更准确地计算缺陷面积。     

对复杂自由曲面的纹理重建方法（英文）

提出一种基于马尔科夫优化策略复杂自由曲面的纹理重建方法,该方法利用实验室研制的三维数字化设备对目标物体的深度数据和纹理数据进行采集,将局部采集的深度像数据匹配到全局坐标系下,建立物体的几何模型;然后通过坐标变换,把采集的纹理照片映射到重建的几何模型表面,并进行曲面纹理融合处理,实现自由曲面的纹理重建.该方法对物体的形貌没要求,能实现结构复杂的自由曲面的纹理重建,得到高保真质量的真实感模型.采用该算法对几种不同的实物进行数据采集和真实感三维重建,实验结果验证了算法的可靠性和有效性.     

三维Gabor滤波器与支持向量机的高光谱遥感图像分类

根据高光谱遥感图像的特点及二维Gabor滤波器纹理分割的原理,提出了一种基于三维Gabor滤波器的高光谱遥感图像分类方法。三维Gabor滤波器能够对高光谱遥感图像所有波段同时进行滤波,将大量的图像信息抽取为少量的不同尺寸、方向和波谱的响应,极大减少了高光谱遥感图像纹理信息提取的计算量。利用不同方向和尺寸的三维Gabor滤波器对祁连山黑河流域上游地区的Hyperion影像全波段进行滤波处理,获取26个纹理响应特征,并分析不同纹理对不同地物的区分度。利用自动子空间划分的波段指数(BI)进行波段选择,选取不同的波段组合进行试验,寻找最佳降维幅度。按照纹理对不同地物响应的区分度逐一加入三维Gabor纹理特征,利用三维Gabor纹理辅助光谱信息,运用支持向量机(SVM)的方法进行监督分类。结果表明,基于三维Gabor纹理和自动子空间BI波段选择的SVM分类方法能够在有效降低光谱维数的同时,提高高光谱遥感图像分类的精度和效率。     

基于分类映射的真三维显示深度抗锯齿算法

针对现有的多层抗锯齿技术在成像深度方向陡峭的三维(3D)图像时出现深度不连续的问题,提出了一种基于分类映射的真三维深度抗锯齿算法。鉴于固态体积式真三维成像是三维曲面的特点,通过分析YOZ(或XOZ)平面截取三维曲面所生成的二维曲线,提出了符合人类立体视觉特性的、基于相邻多层映射的体素分解方法,以及体素映射类型的判定算法。通过原始体素的自适应分类映射,可以在一定程度上扩大深度连续条件下的偏轴观看角度。在搭建的固态体积式真三维立体显示系统上测试三维成像,在较大的偏轴观看角度(约45°)下多数三维成像在深度方向过渡平滑,可以获得较好的深度连续性。     

一种基于工业CT图像的岩心孔隙率计算方法

针对目前基于工业CT图像的岩心孔隙计算中都采用局部自定义区域数据的问题,提出了一种基于岩心图像全部数据的孔隙率计算方法。其中,岩心目标的准确提取是该方法的关键。研究了图像中岩心目标与周边噪音的结构和位置关系,并以此为依据提出了一种工业CT图像的岩心目标提取算法。然后以CT图像中的岩心目标为数据源,通过目标内的孔隙像素与目标像素之比来计算单张图像的岩心孔隙率。而针对岩心的序列CT图像,则通过计算每张图像的孔隙率均值来获得该岩心的孔隙率。最后,以一岩心样本的CT序列图像为例,说明所提方法的准确性和有效性。     

一种快速获取物体三维形貌和纹理信息的算法

提出了一种新的快速获取物体三维形貌和纹理信息的方法。利用数字投影仪将2幅彩色编码的正弦相移光栅图投影到被测物体表面,彩色相机捕捉经物体调制后的变形条纹图。提取RGB三基色,可获得包含物体高度信息及纹理信息的条纹图和背景光。对包含物体高度信息的条纹图用改进的2+1相移算法重构物体的三维形貌。物体纹理信息则通过对背景光进行彩色编码获得,利用纹理映射技术恢复物体纹理。计算机模拟和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

一种可交互的体绘制光学传递函数模型

针对三维数据场可视化过程中兴趣区的交瓦分离问题.给出了基于体绘制光学传递函数的半自动调节方法.该方法从传递函数的光学模型出发,根据三维数据的光强分布,结合体数据的三维梯度场.给出了体数据的颜色及透明度值分离交互凋常的模犁.为了提高本方法的实用性,本文采用了交互模型与现代显卡纹理特性相结合的方法来提高交互速度.实验证明,通过实时调节改进传递函数的相关参量.该模型能以大于每秒30帧的交互速度获得必趣区的最佳视觉分离效果.本方法能在交互体视化的同时实现最佳参量的获取.     

一种透视体绘制光学模型及其实现

在三维数据可视化的应用中,经常要求保留体数据外部组织的同时透视内部某一兴趣区,而这一过程的实现通常需要对三维数据进行预处理后才能取得较好的效果.从体绘制的传统光学模型出发,推导出一种可交互调节的体绘制光学模型.通过在分类信息中引入透射光对数据显示作用的计算,建立了基于内部兴趣区的透视光线模型,在保留外部组织半透明的同时,无需对三维数据进行预处理来实现较传统模型更好的透视效果.实验证明:该方法能以大于20 f/s的速度完成交互,且与传统模型相比有着更好的透视效果.本模型可有效提高用户对三维数据的特征识别能力,为三维数据的有效分析提供理论依据.     

3D laser scanner system using high dynamic range imaging

Because of its high measuring speed, moderate accuracy, low cost and robustness in the industrial field, 3D laser scanning has been widely used in a variety of applications. However, the measurement of a 3D profile of a high dynamic range (HDR) brightness surface such as a partially highlighted object or a partial specular reflection remains one of the most challenging problems. This difficulty has limited the adoption of such scanner systems. In this paper, an optical imaging system based on a high-resolution liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) device and an image sensor (CCD or CMOS) was built to adjust the image's brightness pixel by pixel as required. The radiance value of the image captured by the image sensor is constrained to lie within the dynamic range of the sensor after an adaptive algorithm of pixel mapping between the LCoS mask plane and image plane through the HDR imaging system is added. Thus, an HDR image was reconstructed by the LCoS mask and the CCD image on this system. The significant difference between the proposed system and a traditional 3D laser scanner system is that the HDR image was used to calibrate and calculate the 3D profile coordinate. Experimental results show that HDR imaging can enhance 3D laser scanner system environmental adaptability and improve the accuracy of 3D profile measurement.     

A fractal-based 2D expansion method for multi-scale volume data visualization

Abstract  

Visualization of volume data is difficult to realize and control because the most common output device is a two-dimensional (2D) display and the most common input device is a mouse, which only allows 2D operation. For example, volume rendering projects the data structure onto a 2D image plane, but this type of view-dependent method gives rise to occlusion. In addition, 2D mouse operation does not allow direct selection of three-dimensional (3D) regions or coordinates. In this article, we propose a method that expands the octree structure of volume data onto a 2D plane. The proposed method uses the self-similarity of the fractal diagram and achieves multi-scale visualization of volume data in two dimensions. With this method, we can browse the entire domain of volume data without occlusion. For greater effectiveness, we combined the proposed method and existing 3D-based methods. Since each cell has a one-to-one correspondence with squares in the Sierpinski carpet, we can assign arbitrary 3D regions or positions by selecting the corresponding squares. This provides direct access to 3D regions and coordinates by 2D mouse operation. We propose some functions for interactive visualization and discuss how to exploit the advantages and lessen the disadvantages of the proposed method.     

Planar segmentation of indoor terrestrial laser scanning point clouds via distance function from a point to a plane

Terrestrial laser scanners are frequently used in most of measurement application, particularly in documentation and restoration studies of indoor historical structures, and in acquiring facade reliefs. When compared to a photogrammetric method, terrestrial laser scanners have the ability to give three dimensional point cloud data directly in a fast and detailed way. High data density of point cloud data is a challenging factor in texture-map operations during documentation and restoration of historical artifacts with more indoor spaces. When coordinate information for terrestrial laser scanner point cloud data is documented, it is seen that there is no regular order and classification for the data. The aim of this study is to suggest the mathematical filtering algorithm for segmentation work towards separation of planar surfaces which have different depths and parallel to each other and which can be frequently encountered in the indoor spaces from the data of terrestrial laser scanner. Filtering function for segmentation used, is based on the distance of a point to the plane. This algorithm has been chosen for the advantage of the rapid and easy results for extracting 3D coordinate data in texture mapping process. The MatLAB interface has been developed for using this method and analyzing the results for application which is detected how many different surfaces exist according to the statistical deviation amount. In the application, test data with 21932 points was segmented by separating it into 16 points in total with four different planes and four corner points per plane. Surfaces with four different depths were obtained as the result of the research. Each of them included four points. These segmented surfaces consisting of four points will facilitate integrated data production by integrating vectorial terrestrial laser scanner data into raster camera data, without the need to conventional measurements that accelerate particularly documentation and modeling in the fields of historical indoor areas.     

多点择优推进阵面法生成曲面三角形网格

在现有曲面非结构网格生成法的基础上,提出了一种新的曲面网格生成法——多点择优推进阵面法.它可在曲面上直接进行三角形网格划分,克服了映射法的网格变形问题,并且可以在网格生成结束后,对曲面网格直接进行Laplace格点松弛光顺.该方法使用简单,不受曲面块类型的限制,且网格质量高,可以为三维非结构网格生成提供高质量的初始阵面,并给出了若干个算例.     

Application of invariant grey scale features for analysis of porous minerals

Three-dimensional (3D) texture analysis can be used to differentiate similar materials which have a complex structural nature that is not easily reduced to geometric primitives. A method which extends the concept of invariant grey scale features to non-structured 3D textures is introduced and applied to the study of five processed mineral carbon materials which are characteristically similar but derive from different industrial sources. X-ray microtomography (XRMT) was used to obtain 3D tomographic data with isotropic voxel spacing of 9.8 microm. These data were used to construct invariant features for 3D texture measurement via Monte Carlo based sampling routines and integrals of grey scale relational kernel functions. The procedure produced multi-component texture vectors, which were successfully tested against texture samples as a classification-recognition tool. Identification accuracies ranging from 69% to approximately 84% were achieved for the five material sources examined. This result provides a sound basis for quantitative analysis of these materials which to date have proved very difficult to examine using traditional image analysis tools because of their complex natural structure.     

Non-contact scanning measurement utilizing a space mapping method

In this study, a novel approach to a measuring methodology and calibration method for an optical non-contact scanning probe system is proposed and verified by experiments. The optical probe consists of a line laser diode and two charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras and is placed on a computer numerical control (CNC) machine to measure the workpiece profiles. A space mapping method using the least-squares algorithm is presented for the probe calibration and profile measurement. This method provides a simple and accurate calculation of the relationship between the real space plane and its related image space plane in a CCD camera. A transparent grid with regularly spaced nodal points is used to construct the space mapping function. The space coordinate of an object can be obtained from its image in the CCD camera via the mapping function. The measured profile data are smoothed by the B-spline blending function and can be transferred to a CAD/CAM package for industrial applications. Experimental results show that this technique can determine the 3-D profile of an object with an accuracy of 60 μm.     

基于工业CT图像重构的网格模型的全局优化方法

针对用工业CT切片图像直接重构得到的网格模型质量不高的问题,提出一种不受拓扑结构限制的隐式曲面重构全局优化方法。该方法将三维表面模型用隐式函数来表示,通过模型提供的点云信息计算出隐式函数,提取等值面,实现曲面重构。针对隐式曲面重构数据处理量大的问题,引入FFTW快速傅里叶变换来提高效率。实验结果表明,该方法能够同时实现三角网格模型的去噪、网格平滑、简化以及孔洞修补,与保特征的均匀化网格平滑算法相比,去噪效果更好,效率更高。     

Real time 3D visualization of ultrasonic data using a standard PC

This paper describes a flexible, software-based scan converter capable of rendering 3D volumetric data in real time on a standard PC. The display system is used in the remotely accessible and software-configurable multichannel ultrasound sampling system (RASMUS system) developed at the Center for Fast Ultrasound Imaging. The display system is split into two modules: data transfer and display. These two modules are independent and communicate using shared memory and a predefined set of functions. It is, thus, possible to use the display program with a different data-transfer module which is tailored to another source of data (scanner, database, etc.). The data-transfer module of the RASMUS system is based on a digital signal processor from Analog Devices--ADSP 21060. The beamformer is connected to a PC via the link channels of the ADSP. A direct memory access channel transfers the data from the ADSP to a memory buffer. The display module, which is based on OpenGL, uses this memory buffer as a texture map that is passed to the graphics board. The scan conversion, image interpolation, and logarithmic compression are performed by the graphics board, thus reducing the load on the main processor to a minimum. The scan conversion is done by mapping the ultrasonic data to polygons. The format of the image is determined only by the coordinates of the polygons allowing for any kind of geometry to be displayed on the screen. Data from color flow mapping is added by alpha-blending. The 3D data are displayed either as cross-sectional planes, or as a fully rendered 3D volume displayed as a pyramid. All sides of the pyramid can be changed to reveal B-mode or C-mode scans, and the pyramid can be rotated in all directions in real time.     

基于全息成像技术构建任意的二维光晶格阵列

利用Gerchberg-Saxton算法生成任意的二维光晶格阵列的全息图,并且将全息图加载到液晶型空间光调制器上,然后将850 nm的激光照射到空间光调制器的液晶屏上,利用透镜的傅里叶变换特性,成功地显示或构建任意形状的二维光晶格阵列。将该系统应用到87Rb的冷原子实验中,成功俘获冷原子,这为接下来的单原子多量子位的量子模拟实验奠定了基础。     

工业CT图像轮廓提取与优化系统设计

为了有效地提高面向逆向工程的工业CT图像轮廓处理的精准性和计算效率,开发了工业CT图像轮廓提取与优化系统。该系统主要包括图像处理模块、轮廓识别与提取模块、轮廓拟合与优化模块、图像处理经典算法库和数据接口等功能模块,实现了从工业CT图像到轮廓数据的三维点云与轮廓线的标准格式输出,并与逆向工程软件对接。同时,在轮廓拟合与优化模块中,提出了基于全局约束模型的轮廓拟合策略,并采用有向图分解和数值代数相结合的计算方法,提高了轮廓拟合的计算精度和效率。最后通过实例验证了系统的有效性和正确性。