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1.
纳米储锂材料和锂离子电池   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
黄学杰  李泓  王庆  刘伟峰  师丽红  陈立泉 《物理》2002,31(7):444-449
简单综述了锂离子电池的基本原理和发展现状,对中国科学院物理研究所固体离子学课题组在纳米储锂材料方面的研究进展做了介绍.用HRTEM等手段研究了纳米SnO、纳米Si以及纳米SnSb合金在Li入脱嵌过程中结构的变化.着重介绍了一种具有纳米微孔的球形硬碳材料和纳米SnSb合金钉扎的复合负极材料,在高功率密度和高能量密度锂离子电池方面具有广阔应用前景.  相似文献   

2.
李娟  汝强*  孙大伟  张贝贝  胡社军  侯贤华 《物理学报》2013,62(9):98201-098201
以酸处理的中间相碳微球(MCMB)为载体, 用化学还原法在碳球表面沉积SnSb合金, 合成SnSb 包覆碳球的核壳结构负极材料. 采用XRD, SEM技术对材料的结构和形貌进行了表征, 用恒电流充放电(CC)、循环伏安(CV)和交流阻抗(EIS)测试了材料的电化学性能. 实验结果表明: SnSb/MCMB样品呈现纳米晶与非晶态的混合组织; 单一SnSb合金的容量衰减较快, 而对于SnSb/MCMB复合材料, 细小的合金颗粒均匀钉扎在MCMB表面, 不仅改善了颗粒的团聚现象, 而且增强了材料的导电能力, 使材料的循环稳定性得到改善, 复合材料具有936.161 mAh/g的首次放电比容量, 首次库仑效率80.3%, 50次循环后容量维持在498.221 mAh/g. 关键词: SnSb合金 锂离子电池 中间相碳微球(MCMB) 电化学性能  相似文献   

3.
李泓  王兆翔  黄学杰  陈立泉 《物理》2008,37(6):416-420
文章介绍了锂离子电池中的尺寸效应与表界面问题的研究.从热力学与动力学方面讨论了小尺寸材料与体材料性质的区别以及作为储能材料的优缺点.从实际考虑,建议发展动力学稳定的纳米结构电极材料.  相似文献   

4.
目前新一代锂离子电池体系的聚合物锂离子电池不仅具有液态锂离子电池的所有技术优点,而且具有更高的比能量和更好的安全性。更适合应于用。在电极膜的制备方面,需要对活性材料、骨架基质材料、增塑剂、导电剂等正、负极各组分的配比进行优化。采用合适分子量的PVDF—HFP(聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯)为骨架基质材料,DBP(邻笨二甲酸二丁酯)为增塑剂、炭黑为导电剂,能够较好地满足聚合物锂离子电池电极膜及电解质膜的技术要求。  相似文献   

5.
正1.引言化石能源日益短缺的危机使得可再生能源和能量存储技术受到广泛关注。基于在能量存储方面的优异表现,锂离子电池被认为是极具发展前景的电化学储能体系之一,其在民用、国防和航空航天等领域显示出强大的应用潜力。锂离子电池又称摇椅电池,其储放能过程如图1所示。锂离子电池的性能主要受到电极材料、电解质和器件组装技术等因素的制约,而正负极材料是决定电池性能的关键所在。现阶段研究的负极材料,依据电极反应的机理来划分,主要有嵌入型、合金反应型以及转换反应型三大类。然而由于三种类型电极材料的固有缺点如理论  相似文献   

6.
索鎏敏  吴兴隆  胡勇胜  郭玉国  陈立泉 《物理》2011,40(10):643-647
文章评述了分级三维离子电子混合导电网络结构和具有该结构的纳微复合电极材料在锂离子电池中的应用等方面的最新研究工作进展.首先介绍了纳微复合电极结构相关概念及其优缺点,然后列举了一些运用此概念设计并构筑出的电极材料实例.研究证明,此新型电极结构能够大幅提高锂离子电池电极材料的储锂性能,并且该结构设计还可推广到其他电化学储能...  相似文献   

7.
电动汽车与锂离子电池   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
文章简要介绍了混合动力汽车、插电式混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车和锂离子动力电池及其关键材料。发展电动汽车可以大幅度降低人们对石油的依赖和改善城市空气质量。锂离子电池性能优越,为电动汽车的发展提供了支撑。近期,新一代锂离子动力电池正极材料即将走向应用,可使电动汽车里程增加一倍,材料选择和电池设计及制造工艺与电池储存能量、寿命、安全等密切相关,尊道而重德,可做出“好”电池。  相似文献   

8.
侯贤华  余洪文  胡社军 《物理学报》2010,59(11):8226-8230
采用磁控溅射沉积技术制备了纳米级Sn-Al合金薄膜电极材料,并用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜进行表征,用高精度电池测试系统进行充放电和循环伏安测试.结果表明直流DC与射频RF两种不同的溅射方法制备的Sn-Al薄膜电极具有很大的性能差异,前者DC法制备的材料颗粒细小,表现出稳定的循环性能,其首次放电容量为1060 mAh/g,首次效率为71.7%,电极经过50次循环后比容量保持在700 mAh/g以上.后者RF法制备的材料颗粒较大,放电比容量开始上升,第五次循环后接着逐渐衰减,表现出较差的循环性能. 关键词: 锂离子电池 磁控溅射 Sn-Al合金 电化学性能  相似文献   

9.
尖晶石LiMn2O4(以下简称LMO)是锂离子电池正极材料之一,具有价格低廉,资源丰富的特点。锂离子电池的充放电过程实际上是锂离子从正极脱嵌、再嵌入正极的过程。因此Li^ 在正负极材料及电解液中的扩散性能影响着电池的电性能,通过其电化学阻抗谱可得出锂离子的扩散系数及电导率等参数。  相似文献   

10.
侯贤华  胡社军  石璐 《物理学报》2010,59(3):2109-2113
采用磁控溅射沉积技术制备了纳米级Sn-Ti合金负极材料,并用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜进行表征,用高精度电池测试系统进行充放电和循环伏安测试.结果表明先镀Sn后镀Ti(Sn/Ti复合膜)和先镀Ti后镀Sn(Ti/Sn复合膜)具有很大的性能差异,其中Sn/Ti复合膜具有优异的循环稳定性和较高的可逆容量.首次放电容量和充电容量分别为9275 mAh/g和6954 mAh/g,首次库仑效率为75%,经30次循环后,该电极的放电容量保持为4152 mAh/g,这主要归因于活性物质Sn与电解液界面之间存在非活 关键词: 锂离子电池 磁控溅射 Sn-Ti合金 电化学性能  相似文献   

11.
Size-related properties of novel lithium battery materials, arising from kinetics, thermodynamics, and newly discovered lithium storage mechanisms, are reviewed. Complementary experimental and computational investigations of the use of the size effects to modify electrodes and electrolytes for lithium ion batteries are enumerated and discussed together.Size differences in the materials in lithium ion batteries lead to a variety of exciting phenomena. Smaller-particle materials with highly connective interfaces and reduced diffusion paths exhibit higher rate performance than the corresponding bulk materials. The thermodynamics is also changed by the higher surface energy of smaller particles, affecting, for example,secondary surface reactions, lattice parameter, voltage, and the phase transformation mechanism. Newly discovered lithium storage mechanisms that result in superior storage capacity are also briefly highlighted.  相似文献   

12.
锂离子电池相关材料的Raman光谱学研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
锂离子电池是目前综合性能最好的可充电池。本文总结我们实验室用Raman光谱学研究锂离子电池相关材料的一些结果 ,包括聚合物电解质的微结构和离子输运机制 ,低温热解碳负极材料的结构表征和锂离子在其中的嵌入 /脱出机理 ,元素替代引起正极材料LiMn2 O4的结构变化以及在充放电过程中电极 /电解质界面形成的钝化层的性质及其对电池性能的影响  相似文献   

13.
The thermal stabilities of hard carbon spherule (HCS), artificial graphite (AG), and natural graphite (NG) were investigated by thermo-gravimetric differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). After lithiation, AG shows the lowest onset exothermic temperature. However, all there materials exhibit similar onset temperatures for thermal reactions after ten cycles. It is obvious that the thermal behaviors of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film for HCS and AG change gradually with the electrochemical cycling. In contrast, the thermal stability of the surface film on NG is maintained during repeated lithium ion insertion/extraction. Because of their different Li storage behaviors, their thermal reactivities with electrolyte are quite different from each other. Especially for HCS, it shows several successive and different exothermic peaks at the 1st and 11th lithiated states, while both AG and NG display similar thermal reactivity before and after repeated cycles. In summary, it is found that thermal properties of SEI layer and lithium in lithiated carbonaceous materials for all three samples have different impacts on the whole thermal behaviors of electrode.  相似文献   

14.
周震  赵纪军 《物理学进展》2007,27(1):92-108
碳纳米管较低的碳原子密度、管径和管间的空隙可以为锂离子提供大量的嵌入空间,从而拥有更高的储锂能力。本文结合实验与理论研究的最新成果,综述了这一领域的主要进展和前景。实验上,对单壁碳纳米管进行适当处理,可以将锂存储量提高到常规石墨材料的2~3倍。根据密度泛函理论计算,锂在不同碳纳米管束中的最高理论嵌入量可以达到Li0.5C。嵌入后锂和碳纳米管之间发生了完全的电荷转移,碳纳米管的Fermi能级上移到导带中,所有碳纳米管都转变为金属。纳米管自身的电子结构对锂的吸附是至关重要的,缺电子体系更有利于锂的吸附。锂在B掺杂的复合管如BC3纳米管中有很大的吸附能。锂穿透纳米管壁从管壁外进入纳米管内的能垒,随着纳米管壁拓扑缺陷结构的尺寸变大而显著降低,B在纳米管壁的存在会进一步降低锂穿越纳米管壁的能垒。同时B的掺杂会降低相同拓扑缺陷的生成能,导致在BC3纳米管中出现更多的拓扑缺陷,从而有利于锂离子的扩散。实验与理论计算的结合可望加深对锂离子在纳米管材料中嵌入过程的理解,指导设计具有更高储锂性能的新材料。  相似文献   

15.
锂离子电池中的物理问题   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
陈立泉 《物理》1998,27(6):354-357
锂离子电池是一种性能优越的新型可充放电池.文章在简述了它的原理和特性之后,着重介绍了所涉及的一些物理问题,诸如嵌入物理、载流子输运、渗流、分形和相变等,以期对锂离子电池有更深入的理解  相似文献   

16.
Preparation of LiCoO2 cathode materials from spent lithium–ion batteries are presented. It started with the reclaim/recycle of metal values from spent lithium–ion batteries, which involves the separation of electrode materials by ultrasonic treatment, acid dissolution, precipitation of cobalt and lithium, followed by the preparation of LiCoO2 cathode materials. Co (99.4%) and Li (94.5%) were recovered from spent lithium–ion batteries. The LiCoO2 cathode materials prepared from the reclaimed cobalt and lithium compounds showed good elecrtochemical performance. The reclaiming of cobalt and lithium has a promising outlook for the recycling of cobalt and lithium from spent Li–ion batteries, thus reducing the cost of Li–ion batteries.  相似文献   

17.
With the increasing energy demands for electronic devices and electrical vehicles, anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries with high specific capacity, good cyclic and rate performance become one of the focal areas of research. A class of them is the copper‐based nanomaterials that have thermal and chemical stability, high theoretical specific capacity, low price and environment friendliness. Now this kind of nanomaterials has been recognized as one of the critical materials for lithium‐ion batteries due to the predicted future market growth. Current status of different copper‐based materials which produced already are discussed. In this review, comprehensive summaries and evaluations are given in synthesis strategies, tailored material properties and different electrochemical performance. Recent progress of general copper‐based nanomaterials for lithium‐ion batteries is carefully presented.  相似文献   

18.
白莹  吴锋  吴川 《光散射学报》2003,15(4):231-236
采用固相反应与液相反应,合成了新型锂离子电池正极材料LiMPO4(M=Fe,Mn)。粉末X光衍射表明材料均为纯相。对材料的显微拉曼光谱和红外光谱进行了研究和指认。循环伏安研究表明,含锂磷酸盐是一类有潜力的锂离子电池正极材料。  相似文献   

19.
Jianhua Liu  Libo Zhang  Lei Xu 《Ionics》2018,24(6):1603-1615
Three morphologies of two-dimension Boron with metallicity have been successfully synthetized by experiments. To access the potential of β12 borophene (□) and χ3 borophene monolayer (◇) as anode materials for lithium ion batteries, first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) are performed. Lithium atom is preferentially absorbed over the center of the hexagonal B atom hollow of β12 and χ3 borophene monolayer. The fully lithium storage phase of β12 and χ3 borophene monolayer corresponds to Li8B10 and Li8B16 with a theoretical specific capacity of 1983 and 1240 mA h g?1, respectively, much larger than other two-dimension materials. Interestingly, lithium ion diffusion on β12 borophene (□) monolayer is extremely fast with a low-energy barrier of 41 meV. Meanwhile, lithiated-borophene monolayer shows enhanced metallic conductivity during the whole lithiation process. Compared to the buckled borophene (△), the extremely enhanced lithium adsorption energy of β12 and χ3 phase with vacancies weakens lithium ion diffusion. Therefore, it is important to control the generation of vacancy in the buckled borophene (△) anode for lithium ion batteries. Borophene is a promising candidate with high capacity and high rate capability for anode material in lithium ion batteries.  相似文献   

20.
The development of methods to synthesize electrode materials can improve the performance of lithium ion storage. In this study, a facile and low-cost approach is employed to synthesize LiFePO4 (LFP/NC) hybrid materials decorated with nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials (NC). Melamine was used as nitrogen and carbon source with an NC to LFP ratio of 3.19%. As electrode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), the LFP/NC composites exhibit an optimum performance with a high rate capacity of 144.6 mAh·g?1 at 1 C after 500 cycles without apparent loss. The outstanding cycling stability may be attributed to the synergetic effects of well-crystallized particles and NC layers.  相似文献   

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