单个鼻咽癌细胞的拉曼光谱分析的研究

利用激光镊子拉曼光谱系统研究了鼻咽癌细胞株和正常人鼻咽部气道上皮细胞株的单个细胞的拉曼光谱,对于每个细胞在不同部位测3个点。结果显示：正常细胞和癌细胞的平均拉曼光谱有显著差异：正常的细胞光谱强度比癌细胞的明显要高;正常细胞的1304和1336 cm-1处峰的强度比值为1.05,癌细胞的为1.22。用PCA主成分分析和DFA判别分析分别对单个细胞的平均光谱和不同位置所取得的单独光谱进行分析,结果发现：PCA和DFA均可以把癌细胞和正常细胞正确区分,对于单独光谱,DFA的效果更好一些。同时还发现同一个细胞中不同的光谱位置对PCA和DFA的区分度影响不是很大;PCA和DFA的图中还表明癌细胞的均匀度要比正常细胞的差。以上的研究均表明：激光镊子拉曼光谱可以成为区别正常鼻咽细胞和鼻咽癌细胞的有效手段。     

人肝癌组织细胞的激光光镊拉曼光谱研究

激光光镊与拉曼光谱相结合形成的激光光镊拉曼光谱系统(LTRS)已用于分析生物组织标本,可对单个活细胞进行操控和光谱收集。从拉曼光谱特征峰位置、强度和线宽可得到有关细胞的组成、结构及细胞内物质相互作用的信息。文章应用LTRS系统,分析了来自人的恶性肝癌组织的不同病变部位标本,包括肝癌组织细胞、肝癌癌旁细胞和远离肝癌组织的肝脏正常的组织细胞,观察到了随肝癌的病变部位变化所出现的一些有趣的拉曼光谱峰的变化。正常的肝组织细胞在1 070和1 266 cm-1处的峰很明显,而肝癌和肝癌癌旁组织细胞的这两个峰则不明显,肝正常组织细胞的1 445 cm-1峰明显高于肝癌和肝癌癌旁组织细胞。已知1 070 cm-1峰代表脂类和核酸,1 266和1 445 cm-1峰代表脂类和蛋白。引起这些峰变化的物质很可能参与了肝癌的发生。上述初步研究结果表明：单细胞激光光镊拉曼光谱可以区分肝癌的不同病变部位,将是检测和分析肝癌组织标本的一种很好的方法。     

肝、肝癌及肝纤维细胞的荧光光谱及其荧光饱和强度分析

对肝细胞及肝病变细胞进行荧光光谱特性研究,能为早期筛查与攻克肝癌提供光谱学依据。实验目的包括,通过光谱实验获得细胞特异性荧光光谱;结合流式细胞仪获得最大饱和荧光强度与细胞直径的相关性。实验过程,首先使用荧光光谱仪来检测肝细胞、肝纤维细胞以及两种肝癌细胞;采用去拉曼散射的方法消除背景噪声,获得五种浓度下细胞荧光光谱;其次,使用流式细胞仪检测四种细胞直径的大小,根据双参数散点图分析四种细胞的直径特点;最后,利用高斯多峰拟合对比光谱差异,并且分析细胞直径对荧光饱和强度变化趋势的影响,得出细胞大小对荧光饱和强度非线性拟合曲线的影响规律。光谱实验发现,在550~750 nm之间,肝细胞存在两个特异性荧光峰,第一个峰值位于592 nm处,第二个峰位于682 nm处,且前者明显高于后者;肝癌,肝纤维细胞除具备与肝细胞相同位置的两个峰外,在726 nm处出现第三个特异性荧光峰,并在592 nm处获得最大激发光强,在726 nm处的荧光峰高于在682 nm处的第二个荧光峰;结合高斯多峰拟合法对峰值和各峰位置,以及峰型展宽进行分析。肝癌细胞和肝纤维细胞三个峰的展宽基本相同,正常肝细胞最大激发峰展宽略小于另三种细胞,但是682 nm处的小峰展宽略大于病变细胞;流式细胞仪实验结果显示,肝癌细胞直径大于肝纤维细胞大于肝细胞,同种浓度下荧光强度也是肝癌细胞高于肝纤维细胞高于肝细胞;利用非线性曲线拟合细胞最大荧光强度随浓度变化曲线,根据曲线斜率的变化规律,发现四种细胞的最大荧光强度会随着细胞浓度增大而增强,但是逐渐呈现荧光饱和状态。随着细胞直径增加,最大荧光强度饱和趋势更为明显,单个细胞自激发效率降低。结果显示,将细胞形态学与光谱学有机的融合,结合两种分析方式,能提高细胞判断的准确性和有效性。通过对肝细胞、肝癌细胞以及肝纤维细胞的荧光光谱特性进行研究,并结合细胞直径分析荧光饱和变化趋势,能够为肝病变细胞的研究提供一定的光谱学依据。     

肝癌细胞和正常肝细胞的自体荧光光谱研究

利用荧光光纤传感器来检测癌症必须弄清楚肝癌细胞与正常肝细胞是否具有不同的荧光特征.在体外培养了SMMC-7721肝癌细胞和HL-7702正常肝细胞,然后用荧光光谱仪对它们的自体荧光进行检测.结果表明,两种细胞的自体荧光发射光谱在550～720 nm范围内发射峰的数目和峰位均相间(602 nm和691 nm),只是主峰的波形略有差异.在720～800 nm范围内,肝癌细胞有一特征荧光峰,峰位置在734 nm附近,而正常肝细胞则无此峰.通过对多代培养的细胞进行荧光光谱测试,发现两种细胞的荧光光谱特征在细胞传代的过程中保持不变,说明细胞中的荧光特征在传代过程中保持稳定.这两方面的实验为利用荧光光纤传感器来检测癌症提供了一定的参考.     

基于超短脉冲的癌细胞荧光光谱

研究用于癌症诊断与治疗的光敏剂血卟啉(hematoporphyrin derivative,HPD)的超快光动力学过程。采用超短脉冲激光光谱技术和皮秒时间相关单光子计数系统,测量经血卟啉培养的活体癌细胞与正常细胞的荧光光谱、荧光寿命特性及荧光峰值强度随时间的变化,观测到:癌细胞样品在645nm处具有特征发射光谱峰;癌细胞与正常细胞样品荧光寿命的快成分分别为150,300ps;癌细胞与正常细胞的荧光峰值强度经12h分别衰减10%和55%。对测量所得的荧光光谱曲线及时间分辨荧光衰减曲线分析,计算出:在癌细胞内部血卟啉浓度增大了约2个数量级;癌细胞与正常细胞的荧光寿命分别为824,1798ps;血卟啉在癌细胞与正常细胞样品中滞留时间分别为17,6d。测量结果确认了荧光光谱技术诊断与治疗癌症的可行性,并对发展超短脉冲激光光谱技术早期诊断与治疗癌症具有重要的指导意义和临床应用价值。     

乳腺癌病人单个细胞的Raman光谱

给出了乳腺癌病人正常乳腺细胞与癌细胞的拉曼光谱。从实验谱线中得到：癌变细胞的拉曼谱整体变弱, 就相对强度而言, DNA的2个磷酸根骨架峰782,1 084 cm-1和脱氧核糖-磷酸振动峰1 155及1 262 cm-1拉曼谱线明显的减少; 表征A型(DNA)构像的特征峰812 cm-1及谱线979,668 cm-1消失, 并有新峰1 175 cm-1出现, 905 cm-1的谱线增强并有6 cm-1的红移, 这说明DNA的磷酸根骨架有一定的断裂; 从而导致癌细胞的分裂繁殖失去有效的控制。在癌变组织细胞的拉曼谱中还发现了很强的一类与钙硬化密切相关的特征峰960 cm-1; 通过这些特征拉曼谱线的变化, 为癌症的诊断和治疗提供了有力的实验依据。     

利用拉曼光谱分析顺铂诱导的胃癌细胞凋亡

利用激光拉曼光谱对顺铂诱导的胃癌细胞凋亡进行分析,胃癌细胞SGC7901经10 μg·mL-1顺铂处理24, 48, 72 h后,一部分用于荧光染色,另一部分用扫描方式收集细胞的拉曼光谱。光谱结果依次经背景扣除、平滑、归一化、基线校正、峰拟合等方法预处理。荧光染色结果显示对照组细胞核染色均匀,而药物处理72 h后,核碎裂,呈致密浓染。拉曼光谱结果显示顺铂处理24, 48, 72 h后,与核酸及蛋白质相关的峰均有降低,其中783, 1 002, 1 343 cm-1峰72 h后依次降低为初始值的52%,64%,76%,表明顺铂能够诱导胃癌细胞凋亡,凋亡细胞内核酸和蛋白质含量降低。以上结果说明,拉曼光谱能提供生物细胞内物质变化的丰富信息,是实时检测细胞凋亡过程的有效手段。     

常见饮料中咖啡因的拉曼光谱定性检测

利用激光拉曼光谱仪在微弱光信号检测方面的优点,用测试范围200nm-800nm,测试精度0．1nm的激光拉曼光谱仪对几种常见饮料进行测试,将265nm处咖啡因特征峰作为判断依据,定性检出饮料中含有咖啡因。     

表面增强拉曼光谱快速检测尿液中的尿酸

表面增强拉曼光谱是一种表面灵敏度极高的“指纹”光谱技术,检测限可达单分子级别。它可以实现痕量物质的特异性识别及快速、无损检测,广泛应用于生命科学、电化学、环境安全等领域以及人们的日常生活中。通过种子生长法成功地实现了形貌均匀、尺寸可调的球形金纳米粒子的制备,并以此作为增强基底进一步探索其粒径对尿酸拉曼谱峰强度的影响。结果表明,金纳米粒子的尺寸显著影响其拉曼增强能力。在研究范围内,随着金纳米粒子尺寸的增加,其拉曼增强能力逐渐增加。在激光波长为638 nm时,150 nm的金纳米粒子具有最优的拉曼增强能力。这使得它们可适用于尿酸溶液的快速高灵敏度分析,检测限可达0.01 mmol·L-1。进一步的研究还表明,该方法可用于痕量尿酸的定量检测。在0.01～0.5 mmol·L-1范围内,尿酸的浓度与其特征拉曼峰640 cm-1处的峰强度之间呈线性关系,线性相关系数达0.98。将该方法用于真实样品(正常人体尿液)的快速检测,发现该方法不受尿液中其他成分的干扰,可以实现人体尿液中尿酸含量的快速测定。研究结果表明,以金纳米粒子作为基底的表面增强拉曼光谱方法可方便、快速地对尿液中尿酸的含量进行分析,极大地拓展了表面增强拉曼光谱在临床上的应用与研究。     

谷氨酸钠溶液514nm激光拉曼光谱受环境光影响的研究

探讨了环境光的存在对谷氨酸钠溶液的514 nm绿色激光激发的拉曼光谱的影响.研究表明不同的环境光、自然光和室内荧光灯光均会对514 nm激光拉曼光谱产生干扰,存在着特征干扰峰.自然阳光干扰较小;而荧光灯光表现为1127、2107 cm-1和2170 cm-1等3个明显尖锐的脉冲峰,不能忽略.建议在进行谷氨酸钠溶液514 nm绿色激光拉曼光谱检测时,须在暗室或暗罩中进行,以完全隔离环境光的影响.     

Stimulated Raman Scattering in Hydrogen Using Capilary Cell

Abstract

Stimulated Raman Scattering processes have been studied and intense Stokes and anti—Stokes laser lines have been observed in a capillary Raman cell filled with molecular hydrogen and pumped by the third harmonic of the Nd:YAG laser at wavelength ?D = 355 nm. Various parametric studies have been performed to establish an optimum condition for the best operation of the Raman laser. The observation of higher—order Stokes and anti—Stokes has been explained on the basis of four—wave mixing and/or cascade energy transfer processes.     

拉曼光谱研究复方鹿仙草颗粒对SMMC-7721肝癌细胞的作用

应用拉曼光谱研究了不同浓度的鹿仙草溶液与肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的相互作用,通过对药物作用前后细胞的光谱变化进行分析,从而为阐明鹿仙草与肝癌细胞的作用方式提供重要的依据。拉曼光谱显示,加入鹿仙草后,细胞的许多峰都发生了变化。归属于磷酸骨架振动的785和1 092 cm-1的两个峰强度下降,对应碱基A和G的峰1 312和1 585 cm-1 等也有不同程度的降低,表明鹿仙草可能插入DNA碱基对之间,使DNA复制受到抑制,导致细胞DNA含量下降,而且会引起DNA单、双链的断裂。同时,研究还发现属于蛋白质的振动峰(1 005, 1 360, 1 656 cm-1)强度也有不同程度下降,说明蛋白质二级结构以及侧链氨基酸的环境均发生了改变。此外,鹿仙草对细胞的作用效果随浓度增加逐步增强。     

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and normal anti-Stokes Raman scattering due to LO phonons in GaP using cw diode lasers

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and normal anti-Stokes Raman scattering (NARS) have been measured in (001) GaP at room temperature due to the 403 cm⁻¹ LO phonons using a continuous wave (CW) 785.0 nm fixed-wavelength pump laser and a CW Stokes laser tunable in the 800-830 nm wavelength range. CARS measurements are normally made using pulsed lasers. The use of CW diode lasers allows a more accurate comparison between the measured and calculated values of the CARS signal. The pump and Stokes laser beams were linearly polarized perpendicular to each other, same as the pump and normal Stokes/anti-Stokes scattered light for the GaP sample used in this work. The pump and Stokes laser powers incident upon the GaP sample, located in the focal plane of a 20 mm effective focal length lens, were <20 and 50 mW, respectively. The diameter of the laser beams in the focal plane of the focusing lens was determined to 40±5 μm. The pump and Stokes laser beam intensities incident upon the 0.3 mm thick GaP sample were <2 and 5 kW cm², respectively. The powers of the CARS and NARS signals were measured using a Raman spectrometer. The signal output of the Raman spectrometer was calibrated using the pump laser and several neutral density filters. The Raman linewidth (full-width at half-maximum) of the LO phonons was determined to be 0.95±0.05 cm⁻¹, using the variation of the CARS signal with the wavelength of the Stokes laser. The measured powers of the CARS and NARS signals are about a factor of 5 and 1.5, respectively, smaller than those calculated from the corresponding theoretical expressions.     

Measurement of diabetic sugar concentration in human blood using Raman spectroscopy

This study demonstrates the use of Raman spectroscopy for the direct measurement of diabetic sugar in human blood using 532 nm laser system. Raman spectra were collected from whole blood drawn from 21 individuals. We have elicited a reliable glucose signature in diabetic patients, and measured glucose levels in blood serum of normal, healthy diabetic and diabetic patients with other malignancies like cancer and hepatitis. Quantitative predictions of glucose spectra illustrate the predictions based on molecular information carried by the Raman light in highly light-scattering and absorbing media. Raman spectrum peaks for diabetic blood serum are observed at 1168, 1531, 1463, 1021 cm^?1 with intensity level 17000 to 18500 pixels attributed to carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, collagen, and skeletal C-C stretch of lipids acyl chains. Raman spectra for normal, diabetic patients having cancer and hepatitis were also recorded. This in vitro glucose monitoring methodology will lead in vivo noninvasive on-line monitoring having painless and at the same time the data will be displayed on-line and in real time. The measured Raman peaks provides detailed bio-chemical fingerprint of the sample and could confer diagnostic benefit in a clinical setting.     

以PAA为模板制备SERS基底及对三聚氰胺的检测

采用热蒸镀的方法直接在多孔氧化铝(porous anodic alumina,PAA)模板上蒸镀几微米的银膜,然后在HCl溶液中溶解掉模板,得到表面具有纳米尺度规则结构的银膜作为表面增强拉曼散射(surface-en-hanced Raman spectra,SERS)基底,并在该基底上测量了吡啶溶液(0.01 mol.L-1)的增强拉曼光谱,发现平均增强因子大于105。与直接在载玻片上蒸镀的银膜相比,具有纳米尺度规则结构银膜的增强效果提高了30倍。改变激发光功率测量吡啶的拉曼光谱,和普通拉曼散射一样,增强拉曼光谱的峰值强度随激发光强度线性变化,并在该基底上测量了三聚氰胺的拉曼光谱,发现在1 mW的激发功率下对于三聚氰胺的检出限为2.5 mg.L-1。     

Visible light response of silver 4‐aminobenzenethiolate and silver 4‐dimethylaminobenzenethiolate probed by Raman scattering spectroscopy

Silver thiolate is a layered compound with a Raman spectrum that is known to change with time, becoming the same as the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectrum of the parent thiol molecule adsorbed on Ag nanoparticles. On this basis, the Raman scattering characteristics of silver 4‐aminobenzenethiolate (Ag‐4ABT) compounds were investigated to determine whether certain peaks that are identifiable in the SERS spectrum of 4‐aminobenzenethiol (4‐ABT) but absent in its normal Raman spectrum were also apparent in the Ag salt spectrum. For comparative purposes, the Raman scattering characteristics of silver 4‐dimethylaminobenzenethiolate (Ag‐4MABT) were also examined. Raman spectra acquired while spinning the sample were typified by only a₁‐type vibrational bands of Ag‐4ABT and Ag‐4MABT, whereas in the static condition, several non‐a₁‐type bands were identified. The spectral patterns acquired in the static condition were similar to the intrinsic SERS spectra of 4‐ABT or 4‐dimethylaminobenzenethiol (4‐MABT) adsorbed on pure Ag nanoparticles. Notably, the CH₃ group vibrational bands were observable for Ag‐4MABT irrespective of the sample rotation. In addition, no decrease in intensity during irradiation with a visible laser was observed for any of the bands, suggesting that no chemical conversion actually took place in either 4‐ABT or 4‐MABT. The preponderance of evidence led to the conclusion that the non‐a₁‐type bands observable in the SERS spectra must be associated with the chemical enhancement mechanism acting on the Ag nanoparticles. The chemical enhancement effect was more profound at 514.5 nm than at 632.8 nm, and was more favorable for 4‐ABT than 4‐MABT at both wavelengths. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

激光诱导水体中DOM的荧光猝灭特性分析

以355 nm激光为激发光源,在实验室中用激光诱导荧光(LIF)方法以不同浓度的腐殖酸为测量样品研究了水体中溶解有机物(DOM)的荧光猝灭特性。研究表明,随着腐殖酸浓度的增加,水拉曼散射强度逐渐减弱,当浓度为40 mg·L-1时,水拉曼散射信号几乎完全被DOM的荧光基态分子所吸收,而DOM的荧光强度随着浓度的增加,先是线性增加,当浓度为16 mg·L-1时,荧光强度达到最大,再继续增加腐殖酸浓度,荧光强度则缓慢降低。因此,通过对不同浓度下腐殖酸荧光猝灭特性的分析,可以更加有效的实现水体中DOM浓度的探测。