由AMPPD发光中间体光致发光模拟其化学发光光谱的机理

以3-(2-螺旋金刚烷)-4-甲氧基-4-(3-磷氧酰)-苯基-1,2-二氧环乙烷(AMPPD)为例,系统地研究了其化学发光的中间体——间羟基苯甲酸甲酯阴离子在碱性水溶液中的光致发光性质。通过对其碱性水溶液进行稳态光谱、1HNMR共振谱、超快速时间分辨光谱的测量,我们成功地在获得了不断水解的AMPPD中间体的碱性水溶液的光致发光光谱,并将其与AMPPD化学发光光谱进行比对,得出了其光致发光光谱与化学发光光谱在误差范围内峰位基本一致的结论。该研究结果对正确地认识AMPPD在碱性水溶液中化学发光的机理,并进一步合理地设计高效的化学发光体系具有重要意义。     

Thermal undulations of quasi-spherical vesicles stabilized by gravity

The classical treatment of quasi-spherical vesicle undulations has, in the present work, been reviewed and extended to systems, which are affected by a gravitational field caused by a density difference across the membrane. The effects have been studied by the use of perturbation theory leading to corrections to the mean shape and the fluctuation correlation matrix. These corrections have been included in an analytical expression for the flicker spectrum to probe how the experimentally accessible spectrum changes with gravity. The results are represented in terms of the gravitational parameter, g ₀ = ΔρgR ⁴/κ. The contributions from gravity are in most experimental situations small and thus negligible, but for values of g₀ above a certain limit, the perturbational corrections must be included. Expressions for the relative error on the flicker spectrum have been worked out, so that it is possible to define the regime where gravity is negligible. An upper limit of g₀ has also been identified, where the error in all modes of the flicker spectrum is significant due to distortion of the mean shape. Received 9 July 2002 and Received in final form 15 November 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: jonas@kemi.dtu.dk RID="b" ID="b"e-mail: ipsen@memphys.sdu.dk     

Spectral Analysis of the Disordered Stochastic¶1-D Ising Model

We consider the generator of the Glauber dynamics for a 1-D Ising model with random bounded potential at any temperature. We prove that for any realization of the potential the spectrum of the generator is the union of separate branches (so-called k-particles branches, k= 0,1,2,…), and with probability one it is a nonrandom set. We find the location of the spectrum and prove the localization for the one-particle branch of the spectrum. As a consequence we find a lower bound for the spectral gap for any realization of the random potential. Received: 22 September 1998 / Accepted: 12 February 1999     

Effective Hamiltonians for holes in antiferromagnets: a new approach to implement forbidden double occupancy

A coherent state representation for the electrons of ordered antiferromagnets is used to derive effective Hamiltonians for the dynamics of holes in such systems. By an appropriate choice of these states, the constraint of forbidden double occupancy can be implemented rigorously. Using these coherent states, one arrives at a path integral representation of the partition function of the systems, from which the effective Hamiltonians can be read off. We apply this method to the t-J model on the square lattice and on the triangular lattice. In the former case, we reproduce the well-known fermion-boson Hamiltonian for a hole in a collinear antiferromagnet. We demonstrate that our method also works for non-collinear antiferromagnets by calculating the spectrum of a hole in the triangular antiferromagnet in the self-consistent Born approximation and by comparing it with numerically exact results. Received: 23 December 1997 / Accepted: 17 March 1998     

Positive Commutators and the Spectrum¶of Pauli--Fierz Hamiltonian of Atoms and Molecules

In this paper we study the energy spectrum of the Pauli–Fierz Hamiltonian generating the dynamics of nonrelativistic electrons bound to static nuclei and interacting with the quantized radiation field. We show that, for sufficiently small values of the elementary electric charge, and under weaker conditions than those required in [3], the spectrum of this Hamiltonian is absolutely continuous, except possibly in small neighbourhoods of the ground state energy and the ionization thresholds. In particular, it is shown that (for a large range of energies) there are no stable excited eigenstates. The method used to prove these results relies on the positivity of the commutator between the Hamiltonian and a suitably modified dilatation generator on photon Fock space. Received: 10 April 1998 / Accepted: 12 April 1999     

Point-Form Hamiltonian Dynamics and Applications

This short review summarizes recent developments and results in connection with point-form dynamics of relativistic quantum systems. We discuss a Poincaré invariant multichannel formalism which describes particle production and annihilation via vertex interactions that are derived from field theoretical interaction densities. We sketch how this rather general formalism can be used to derive electromagnetic form factors of confined quark?Cantiquark systems. As a further application it is explained how the chiral constituent quark model leads to hadronic states that can be considered as bare hadrons dressed by meson loops. Within this approach hadron resonances acquire a finite (non-perturbative) decay width. We will also discuss the point-form dynamics of quantum fields. After recalling basic facts of the free-field case we will address some quantum field theoretical problems for which canonical quantization on a space?Ctime hyperboloid could be advantageous.     

3D dissipative motion of atoms in a strongly coupled driven cavity

We develop quantum models for the combined external and internal motion of atoms in a strongly coupled driven cavity mode including the transverse degrees of freedom. Using a simplified Gaussian mode function we determine the parameter regimes and prospects of 3D cooling and confinement of one or two atoms in the cavity field. Analysing the field dynamics for slow atoms traversing the cavity, we show that the spectrum of the transmitted and spontaneously scattered light contains ample information on the motional dynamics of the atom and can be nicely used to investigate the cooling properties of the system. Including several atoms in the dynamics we show how motional correlations build up by the common interaction with the cavity field. This can be looked upon as collisions at far distance and can be monitored via the transmitted field dynamics. Received 5 March 1999 and Received in final form 4 May 1999     

Scaling and interleaving of subsystem Lyapunov exponents for spatio-temporal systems

The computation of the entire Lyapunov spectrum for extended dynamical systems is a very time consuming task. If the system is in a chaotic spatio-temporal regime it is possible to approximately reconstruct the Lyapunov spectrum from the spectrum of a subsystem by a suitable rescaling in a very cost effective way. We compute the Lyapunov spectrum for the subsystem by truncating the original Jacobian without modifying the original dynamics and thus taking into account only a portion of the information of the entire system. In doing so we notice that the Lyapunov spectra for consecutive subsystem sizes are interleaved and we discuss the possible ways in which this may arise. We also present a new rescaling method, which gives a significantly better fit to the original Lyapunov spectrum. We evaluate the performance of our rescaling method by comparing it to the conventional rescaling (dividing by the relative subsystem volume) for one- and two-dimensional lattices in spatio-temporal chaotic regimes. Finally, we use the new rescaling to approximate quantities derived from the Lyapunov spectrum (largest Lyapunov exponent, Lyapunov dimension, and Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy), finding better convergence as the subsystem size is increased than with conventional rescaling. (c) 1999 American Institute of Physics.     

Changes in the Effective Parameters of Averaged Motion in Nonlinear Systems Subject to Noise

We discuss how the effective parameters characterising averaged motion in nonlinear systems are affected by noise (random fluctuations). In this approach to stochastic dynamics, the stochastic system is replaced by its deterministic equivalent but with noise-dependent parameters. We show that it can help to resolve certain paradoxes and that it has a utility extending far beyond its usual application in passing from the microscopic equations of motion to the macroscopic ones. As illustrative examples, we consider the diode-capacitor circuit, a Brownian ratchet, and a generic stochastic resonance system. In the latter two cases we calculate for the first time their effective parameters of averaged motion as functions of noise intensity. We speculate that many other stochastic problems can be treated in a similar way. PACS: 05.10.Gg, 05.40.-a, 05.40.Jc     

Curvature autocorrelations in domain growth dynamics

We show how the interface curvature autocorrelation function (ICAF) and associated structure factor (ICSF), of relevance in non-equilibrium pattern-formation problems where sharp interfaces are present, provide new and interesting information on domain structure, as yet not visible via the order-parameter structure factor (OPSF). This is done by discussing numerical simulations of model A (non-conserved relaxational phase-ordering kinetics) in two-dimensional systems. The ICAF is Gaussian over short distances and exhibits dynamical scaling and t ^1/2 power-law growth. We use it to show what the typical length-scale in the model A dynamics corresponds to physically and how it can be obtained uniquely, rather than simply within a multiplicative constant. Experimental methods to measure the ICAF and/or ICSF are still needed at this point. Received 22 April 1998     

General Adiabatic Evolution with a Gap Condition

We consider the adiabatic regime of two parameters evolution semigroups generated by linear operators that are analytic in time and satisfy the following gap condition for all times: the spectrum of the generator consists in finitely many isolated eigenvalues of finite algebraic multiplicity, away from the rest of the spectrum. The restriction of the generator to the spectral subspace corresponding to the distinguished eigenvalues is not assumed to be diagonalizable. The presence of eigenilpotents in the spectral decomposition of the generator typically leads to solutions which grow exponentially fast in some inverse power of the adiabaticity parameter, even for real spectrum. In turn, this forbids the evolution to follow all instantaneous eigenprojectors of the generator in the adiabatic limit. Making use of superadiabatic renormalization, we construct a different set of time-dependent projectors, close to the instantaneous eigenprojectors of the generator in the adiabatic limit, and an approximation of the evolution semigroup which intertwines exactly between the values of these projectors at the initial and final times. Hence, the evolution semigroup follows the constructed set of projectors in the adiabatic regime, modulo error terms we control.     

基于数模混合的混沌映射实现

混沌随机序列发生器在数字实现时面临有限字长效应, 无法严格保证伪随机序列的非周期性. 构建了一类包含最少模拟器件的新数模混合系统, 分析比较了此类系统的非线性动力学行为. 利用现场可编程逻辑门阵列和RC电路实现了混沌映射, 构造了稳定的高速随机序列发生器, 可产生100 Gbit/s以上速率的随机数. 研究表明, 数模混合系统的混沌性对元件参数变化不敏感, 数模实现验证了新系统的存在性和物理上的可实现性. 系统易于集成在数字加密、保密通信和雷达波形产生等应用系统中.     

Phenomenology and theory of horizontally oscillated granular mixtures

We overview the physics of a granular mixture subject to horizontal oscillations, recently investigated via experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. First we discuss the rich phenomenology exhibited by this system, which encompasses both segregation and dynamical instabilities. Then we show that the phenomenology can be explained via an effective interaction approach, by which the driven, non-thermal, granular mixture in mapped into a monodispersed thermal system of particles interacting via an effective potential. After determining the effective interaction we discuss its microscopic origin and investigate how it induces the observed phenomenology. Finally, as much as in thermal fluids, from the effective interaction we derive a Cahn-Hilliard dynamics equation, which appears to capture the essential characteristics of the dynamics of the granular mixture.     

模拟月壤发射率光谱测量实验及精度评定

基于月球样品反射光谱的月表矿物识别和成分反演能力受到月球环境的严重影响,仅限于月球表面5％的成熟度较低的区域。相比之下,包含大量硅酸盐矿物的月球样品发射光谱不仅光谱特征明显,而且受月表大气、温差和真空等环境的影响较小,是研究月表成分和物理特性的新途径。因此,对于嫦娥五号月球探测器采集的月球实地样品的发射光谱测量不仅可用于月表硅酸盐类矿物的成分分析,而且可以作为遥感研究中可见光-近红外光谱的有效补充。但是,实验室发射光谱测量中最大的难题是寻找最佳的实验方法和仪器,以便获得准确可靠的光谱数据。研究以模拟月壤样品为测量对象,分别在实验室大气、氮气冷背景和模拟真空环境中,利用TurboFT 102F和Bruker VERTEX 70V两种仪器,设计和实施了傅里叶光谱法、独立黑体法和反射率法三种发射率测量实验,并利用误差传播定律和已有Apollo样品发射率光谱对实验获得的发射率光谱进行了精度分析与评定。发现在异常复杂和困难的模拟月球真空测量环境构建完成之前,密闭实验室环境中的反射率法发射率光谱特征最明显,测量精度最高,可以作为目前月球样品发射率光谱测量的最佳选择。研究希望能为嫦娥五号采集的月球样品发射率光谱测量实验提供理论基础和技术参数。     

FFT-BP神经网络模型对车载γ能谱辐射剂量率的预测分析

为了实现车载γ谱仪巡测系统对辐射剂量率的准确测定，提出基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)本底扣除法的改进型BP神经网络模型(FFT-BP神经网络模型)。实验采用γ射线能谱分析法，对不同间距处的137Cs放射源进行车载γ能谱测试，将得到的谱数据通过快速傅里叶变换(FFT)扣除本底，获得新的谱线数据。应用FFT-BP神经网络模型对未知剂量的车载γ谱线作辐射剂量率的定量预测，将预测结果同3个函数模型的拟合结果比较，验证FFT-BP神经网络模型的预测效果。结果表明，FFT扣除法能较好的削弱散射本底对γ谱线的影响，能有效的降低谱线本底。通过新谱线获得的特征峰面积和净谱线面积与辐射剂量率的相关系数均为0.99(p<0.05)，相关性显著。模型拟合分析过程中，FFT-BP神经网络模型表现出较强的学习泛化能力，预测较理想，相对误差和累计误差分别低于0.6%和9%，效果明显优于数学模型和γ能谱全能峰法，可显著降低γ能谱分析辐射剂量率的误差，且能有效提升工作效率。因此，FFT-BP神经网络模型适用于γ能谱辐射剂量的预测分析，为车载γ谱仪巡测系统测量辐射剂量提供了一种新型有效的分析方法。     

Description of Unstable Systems in Relativistic Quantum Mechanics in the Lax-Phillips Theory

We discuss some of the experimental motivation for the need for semigroup decay laws and the quantum Lax-Phillips theory of scattering and unstable systems. In this framework, the decay of an unstable system is described by a semigroup. The spectrum of the generator of the semigroup corresponds to the singularities of the Lax-Phillips S-matrix. In the case of discrete (complex) spectrum of the generator of the semigroup, associated with resonances, the decay law is exactly exponential. The states corresponding to these resonances (eigenfunctions of the generator of the semigroup) lie in the Lax-Phillips Hilbert space, and, therefore, all physical properties of the resonant states can be computed. We show that the parametrized relativistic quantum theory is a natural setting for the realization of the Lax-Phillips theory.     

Stability of Equilibria with a Condensate

A quantum system composed of a spatially infinitely extended free Bose gas with a condensate, interacting with a quantum dot, which can trap finitely many Bosons, has multiple equilibria at fixed temperature. We extend the notion of return to equilibrium to systems possessing a multitude of equilibrium states and show that the above system returns to equilibrium in a weak coupling sense: any local perturbation of an equilibrium state converges in the long time limit to an asymptotic state. The latter is, modulo an error term, an equilibrium state which depends, in an explicit way, on the initial local perturbation. The error term vanishes in the small coupling limit.We deduce this stability result from properties of structure and regularity of eigenvectors of the Liouville operator, the generator of the dynamics. Among our technical results is a virial theorem for Liouville type operators which has new applications to systems with and without a condensate.Supported by a CRM-ISM postdoctoral fellowship and by McGill University