钝感炸区爆轰驱动研究

对两种典型的钝感炸药的爆轰驱动模型进行了实验研究。一种是点爆散心波驱动， 种是滑移爆轰驱动。并在同一条件下做了非钝感药的爆轰驱动实验，以此较ＩＨＥ和ＨＥ驱动规律的差异。对实验模型用二维数值模拟及拟合公式进行了计算，最一给出了在本实验条件下两种炸药驱动规律差异，也对计算偏差范围作了估计。     

180°圆弧形钝感炸药的爆轰波传播

 采用贴体坐标下与Level Set方法相结合的爆轰冲击波动力学（DSD）计算方法,研究了180°圆弧形钝感炸药中非理想爆轰波的传播过程。通过数值模拟计算和实验测量的对比分析,得到了180°圆弧形炸药中爆轰波传播的一些规律：圆弧形钝感炸药可以实现定常爆轰,即在极坐标中整个爆轰波以固定角速度转动。这种定常阵面的形状和角速度与圆弧的外半径无关,定常体系依赖于圆弧形炸药的内半径和覆盖圆弧的外壳物质。对描述圆弧形炸药中爆轰波传播规律的经验公式进行了研究,结果表明这些经验公式能够准确描述爆轰波速度的变化,在实验测量和预估方面具有一定的参考价值。     

爆轰驱动金属半球飞层自由面速度的测量

钝感炸药爆轰产物驱动金属飞片的研究工作直接同武器设计相联系。为探索研究爆轰产物驱动金属飞片的运动规律及金属材料本构关系对爆轰产物驱动飞片自身飞行的影响，用任意反射面速度干涉仪VISAR（Vclocity Interfcrometer Systcm for Any Rcflector）对不同厚度的铜半球飞层上多个点的速度历程进行了测量，得到了飞层运动的速度-时间曲线，给理论分析提供了实验数据。     

论VLW状态方程

 论述了VLW状态方程中爆轰产物分子势参数的确定；根据不同类型炸药爆轰性能参数计算结果对炸药爆轰产物碳在CJ态的相进行了分析讨论，认为不同的炸药，产物碳有石墨和金刚石两种相存在；将VLW状态方程和BKW状态方程进行了比较分析，指出了BKW状态方程与VLW状态方程的区别及其产生的原因，并给出了VLW状态方程计算含能材料（包括高能炸药、燃料空气炸药、民用炸药）的爆轰性能参数计算结果。结果表明，计算值与实验值符合较好。     

多元混合炸药爆轰驱动圆筒膨胀规律的理论确定方法

为快速预估任意配比的多元混合炸药爆轰产物的JWL(Jones-Wilkins-Lee)参数,提出了快速确定多元混合炸药爆轰驱动圆筒膨胀规律的理论方法,即在给定各组分爆轰产物JWL参数的前提下,根据能量守恒定律,采用Gurney模型,确定圆筒试验中多元混合炸药爆轰驱动圆筒膨胀距离随时间变化的曲线。同时,利用能量守恒原理以及经典爆轰理论中通过常γ状态方程得到的爆速、爆压和爆热之间的关系式,提出了确定多元混合炸药爆速和爆压的方法。采用该理论方法,分别计算了多元混合炸药PBXC03和PBXC10爆轰驱动圆筒膨胀规律及爆速和爆压,计算结果与前人的实验结果符合较好,验证了该理论方法的可行性和有效性。     

爆轰波对碰驱动平面组合飞片的数值模拟

采用SG(Steinberg-Guinan)强度模型描述组合飞片(铅和铝)的动力学响应行为,对两侧对称点起爆圆柱炸药、爆轰波对碰驱动组合飞片实验模型进行了数值模拟计算。得到了爆轰波对碰驱动组合飞片的计算图像,并与实验结果进行了对比分析,明确了SG强度模型对描述爆轰波对碰驱动下组合飞片的适用性,为高应变率条件下材料强度模型的适应性研究奠定基础,同时也为更好地理解材料在高应变率条件下的本构关系以及材料在对碰区的动力学行为提供参考。     

炸药枪击试验和数值模拟研究

HL-10炸药是一种以RDX为基的含铝炸药,为了研究该炸药在子弹或金属破片撞击作用下的安全性,利用12.7 mm机枪法对钢壳包覆的柱形HL-10装药进行了枪击试验,试验结果表明,炸药没有发生燃烧或爆轰现象,由此可定义该炸药的枪击感度试验反应等级为1级。建立了炸药枪击试验的计算模型和数值计算方法,对子弹撞击和穿透炸药过程进行了三维数值模拟计算,计算结果与试验结果相符,分析了子弹速度对HL-10炸药枪击感度的影响,其结果可为炸药安全性评价分析提供理论根据。为了进一步验证计算模型和方法,对美国的PBX-9404炸药的枪击作用过程进行了计算分析,结果表明,PBX-9404炸药在枪击作用下发生了完全爆轰反应,与Neff等人的试验结果相吻合。     

气炮加载下炸药强爆轰驱动技术的初步实验研究

 利用二级轻气炮进行了炸药强爆轰驱动超高速飞片技术的研究,采用多普勒探针系统（Doppler Pins System,简称DPS）对二级飞片的速度历史进行了测量。初步获得了在较高速度（大于5 km/s）一级飞片的作用下、二级飞片的速度增益情况,并基本掌握了强爆轰驱动技术与二级轻气炮发射技术有机结合的实验技术。初步实验结果表明,采用炸药强爆轰驱动技术可使二级飞片获得较高的速度增益。     

钝感炸药JB9014的多点起爆实验研究

 同时使用光子学弹道靶场相机（SVR）和转镜式高速扫描相机，对钝感炸药JB9014进行了一点、两点和四点起爆实验研究，获得了爆轰波出炸药底面的波形发展情况，并对实验结果进行了分析。     

低温下JB-9014钝感炸药DSD参数研究

 爆轰冲击波动力学（Detonation Shock Dynamics,DSD）是目前研究爆轰波非理想传播的有效途径。利用DSD的广义几何光学模型,研究了大长径比药柱中爆轰波非理想传播现象,根据-30 ℃下直径为10～30 mm药柱的直径效应实验数据,利用遗传算法确定了低温下JB-9014钝感炸药的DSD参数。由DSD参数计算得到了JB-9014药柱中的定态波形和爆速,计算结果与实验结果符合。     

猛炸药RHT-901和钝感炸药IHE-2的爆轰波直角绕射

 采用高速转镜分幅相机和电探针技术研究了猛炸药RHT-901和钝感炸药IHE-2的爆轰波直角绕射图像和不同位置上的爆轰波传播时间。从研究得出，两种炸药都在拐角顶点附近绕射，爆轰波传播时间增长，爆速变小。但是两种炸药绕射爆轰波的状态不一样，钝感炸药IHE-2中爆轰波绕过直角时，在拐角顶点附近约10 mm范围内炸药未完全反应，猛炸药RHT-901中爆轰波绕过直角时未出现类似现象。两者相比，钝感炸药中绕射爆轰波速度变化大，波阵面曲率半径小，而猛炸药的绕射爆轰波速度变化小，波阵面曲率半径大。这说明炸药的爆轰波绕射与炸药的冲击感度、反应区宽度有关。     

The influence of multi-layer confinement on detonation propagation in condensed-phase explosives

We examine, via multi-material simulation in a two-dimensional planar geometry, the effects on steady detonation propagation of the presence of a low-density intermediate layer between a condensed-phase high explosive (HE) and a high-density metallic confiner of finite thickness. Such elastomer intermediate layers are often added to eliminate air-gaps and the associated jetting effects that can arise due to machining imprecisions, or to prevent HE cracking due to environmental changes. Without an intermediate layer, the flow structure of a steady detonation/metal confiner interaction is well understood. In particular, there is no reflected wave passed into the HE due to the metal confinement. With the elastomer layer present, we find that, as the intermediate layer width increases, a complex wave interaction and communication path develops between the HE, intermediate, and metal layers. For thin intermediate layers, a shock-driven subsonic flow develops in the intermediate layer, passing information from the metal layer to the HE, with the detonation speed decreasing as the intermediate layer width increases. For wider intermediate layers, a Mach stem configuration develops in the intermediate layer, forcing a shock to be reflected into the HE. Simultaneously, a localized Prandtl-Meyer fan emerges from the intersection of the detonation shock with the HE-intermediate layer material interface. These HE structures are shown to have a substantial effect on the structure of the detonation driving zone. The Prandtl-Meyer fan becomes the dominant structure for critically large intermediate layer widths, wherein the presence of the metal layer does not affect the detonation propagation. We examine the detonation propagation speed and reaction and driving zone structure as a function of varying intermediate layer width. Two confinement metals are examined, along with two high explosive and three metal layer widths.     

二级装药强爆轰驱动次级飞片的分析

 对二级炸药/飞片爆轰系统产生高速度飞片的需求背景作了介绍。在平面一维假定下,应用气体动力学的一维推体公式和推广的Gurney公式对次级飞片的速度进行了计算。在初级炸药和末级飞片厚度一定的条件下,对二级炸药/飞片爆轰系统的几何参数选取进行了优化分析,给出了爆轰系统驱动飞片的算例,与数值模拟结果和实验测量结果进行了比较,证实了经验公式的合理性。并对如何提高两级飞片的速度及平面度问题进行了探讨。     

Detonation performance of the CL-20-based explosive LX-19

The generation of constitutive detonation performance model components for high explosives (HEs) invariably involves reference to experiment, as reliable first-principles determinations of these models are beyond our current capability. Whatever its form or complexity, the detonation performance model must be able to accurately capture the detonation wave timing and the energy release that it triggers upon arrival. Specifically, the HE products equation-of-state (EOS), which largely determines the detonating HE’s ability to do useful work on its surroundings, is typically inferred from cylinder expansion tests where metal-confined HE cylinders are detonated and the ensuing outer confiner wall-expansion trajectory is recorded. Expensive, iterative comparisons to multimaterial hydrodynamic (or “hydrocode”) simulations of these experiments are then used to constrain the parameters of the chosen EOS form. Here, we report on new detonation performance experiments produced for the highly-ideal, plastic-bonded explosive and CL-20-based LX-19 which are used to produce a new sub-scale detonation performance model for the explosive. This includes new products EOS and a new Detonation Shock Dynamics front propagation law. We also confirm the capability of two new, non-hydrocode-based products EOS generation techniques to accelerate the HE model parameterization process. This latter development is particularly significant for detonation performance modeling of new HE formulations.     

炸药强爆轰的研究

 对强爆轰波的传播和驱动问题进行了初步的研究,应用有关的理论对这一问题进行了分析,实验上测量了两种炸药中强爆轰的传播或衰减过程,给出了强爆轰驱动飞片的一个算例,与实验测量结果吻合,上述结果在一定程度上揭示了强爆轰的行为。     

Determination of detonation parameters of liquid high explosives

An experimental study of the detonation parameters and structure of the reaction zone for liquid high explosives (HEs), such as bis(2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethyl)formal (FEFO), tetranitromethane (TNM), and nitromethane (NM) is performed. For each of these HEs, the time corresponding to the position of the Chapman-Jouguet point is determined: for FEFO, from experiments conducted at different charge diameters (≈300 ns); for TNM, at a fixed diameter but at different lengths (≈200 ns); and for NM, at the same diameter and length of the shell, but with detonation being initiated by different HE charge (≈50 ns). The particle velocity and pressure at the Chapman-Jouguet point for these explosives were measured. For TNM and NM, the dependence of the detonation velocity on the charge diameter was obtained     

气相爆轰波数值模拟中化学反应模型研究

 基于改进的时 空守恒元解元算法对气相爆轰波数值模拟中3种常用化学反应模型(二步模型,基元反应模型和Sichel的二步模型)进行了考察。对平面爆轰波和具有胞格结构的爆轰波进行了数值模拟,并对数值结果进行了比较和讨论。结果表明3种化学反应模型得到的爆轰参数准确性有所差异,但得到的胞格结构均能和实验结果较好吻合。3种化学反应模型在爆轰波数值模拟中各有优缺点,应视具体问题决定使用哪种化学反应模型。     

Double detonation drivers for a shock tube/tunnel

~~Double detonation drivers for a shock tube/tunnel~~     

Double detonation drivers for a shock tube/ltunnel

Recent progress on detonation drivers is reviewed. Performances of the forward detonation driver and backward detonation driver have been obsenred. To eliminate occurrenoe of a Taylor wave following the detonation wave in the primary driver and to improve the performance of the detonation driver, an additional backward detonation driver was proposed to attach to the end of the forward detonation driver. When the ratio of the initial pressures between the additional and the primary drivers becomes larger than or equal to a critical value, the Taylor wave will disappear, and thus a homogeneous driving gas with high pressure and high temperature can be generated. Furthermore, an over-driving detonation wave will be also obtained, which can increase the driving capability.