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1.
云南青铜防腐显微拉曼光谱和EPMA研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用显微激光拉曼光谱和EPMA(电子探针技术),对云南的四件青铜器(两件春秋时期的青铜矛和两面元代的青铜镜)的腐蚀情形和防腐技术进行了分析研究。拉曼实验结果表明,云南青铜器表面腐蚀产物的主要成分有Cu2O和CuCO3.Cu(OH)2。利用电子探针技术,确定了青铜器内部和表面的元素成分。本文初步分析了云南四件青铜器防腐技术的应用和发展,春秋战国时期,人们在青铜矛表面涂上一层锡的氧化物涂层以防腐蚀;元代的人则采用合金表面处理技术防腐。事实证明,锡的氧化物涂层的防腐效果最好。对金属文物的研究,显微激光拉曼光谱是一种原位无损检测的有效方法,但还是有某些局限性,若配合以电子探针等测试方法,可以达到更好的效果。  相似文献   

2.
元代铜镜腐蚀情形的拉曼光谱研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
应用显微拉曼光谱和电子探针技术 ,对云南禄丰出土的元代铜镜腐蚀情形进行研究 ,确定了铜镜本体及其表面腐蚀产物的成分 ,并初步分析了元代青铜镜采用的防腐技术。拉曼实验结果表明 ,铜镜表面腐蚀产物的主要成分有CuCO3 ·Cu(OH) 2 和Cu2 O。实验还发现铜镜表面有一层铁铝合金 ,具有较好的防腐作用。对金属文物的研究 ,拉曼光谱被证明是一种很有效的方法  相似文献   

3.
空间偏移拉曼光谱技术(SORS)作为一种新型拉曼光谱技术,其光谱收集系统与激光入射点在空间位置上有一定的偏移距离~([1]),具有很好的抑制表层成分拉曼光谱及荧光光谱的能力,能够实现不/半透明材料覆盖下内部成分拉曼光谱的无损、快速检测~([2-4])。研究团队基于建立空间偏移拉曼光谱探测系统,已成功实现了不透明介质覆盖下隐藏成分的探测,针对偏移距离对于空间偏移拉曼光谱探测信号强度的影响进行了实验研究及分析。  相似文献   

4.
本文利用共焦拉曼光谱技术结合对铁电极的合适的粗糙化预处理,现场研究了3.4%NaCl腐蚀介质听电极的点蚀行为,获得了点蚀坑内腐蚀产物的表面增强拉曼光谱,成功地将表面增强拉曼光谱技术拓宽至铁的腐蚀行为的研究中,利用共焦拉曼光谱仪的成像技术研究了位于660cm^-1处点蚀产物的二维分布图。研究表明:在校正电位铁表面发生点蚀后,点蚀坑内腐蚀产物不是以单一物种存在,而是多种铁氧化合物共存,且这些铁的氧化腐蚀产物的点蚀坑内的分布也极不均匀。  相似文献   

5.
武定恐龙化石的显微拉曼光谱研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文首次利用激光显微拉曼光谱、原子光谱和偏光显微镜等方法 ,对云南武定的恐龙化石进行了分析研究。实验发现 ,恐龙化石表面和截面的拉曼光谱 ,均为典型的方解石 (CaCO3 )晶体的拉曼谱 ,并未发现有其他成分的拉曼谱。原子发射光谱的分析结果表明 ,恐龙化石中的主要元素有Ca(>10 % ) ,其次是Si(5 0 % )和P(4 0 % ) ,还有Fe(1 0 % )等 ,但未发现铱、钍等稀有元素。由恐龙化石截面在偏光显微镜下的图像可以知道 ,恐龙化石表面层的成分主要是方解石晶体 ;内部的主要成分为方解石 (CaCO3 )晶体 ,此外还有纤维状一水二氧化硅 (分子式SiO2 ·nH2 O ,属非晶态 )等成分。激光拉曼光谱能快速无损地准确检测出恐龙化石的主要成分是方解石 (CaCO3 ) ,拉曼光谱对恐龙化石的分析结果与原子光谱、偏光显微镜的分析结果是一致的  相似文献   

6.
利用拉曼(Raman)光谱技术分别对中国新疆、青海、江苏、辽宁及韩国、俄罗斯、加拿大、新西兰和澳大利亚的软玉样品进行无损分析研究。首先利用拉曼光谱区分了透闪石型和阳起石型软玉, 并对软玉双链结构中Na+、K+对Ca2+以及Al3+对Si2+的不同置换程度引起低频区域特征峰的漂移进行分析, 同时还研究了表面状态和显微结构对674cm-1附近峰强的影响。最后利用拉曼(Raman)光谱技术结合质子激发X射线荧光(PIXE)和X射线衍射(XRD)对河南安阳殷墟遗址、河南省洛阳地区和浙江良渚遗址出土的9件中国古代玉器进行透闪石型软玉的矿相标定, 证明拉曼光谱在中国古玉器结构测试和材质鉴定中是一种很好的无损分析手段。  相似文献   

7.
优化处理绿松石的大量面市,给绿松石的鉴定带来了挑战。通过激光拉曼光谱测试分析、压制及人工注塑处理绿松石为研究对象,对优化处理绿松石的激光拉曼光谱特征进行了研究。结果表明,拉曼光谱技术是一种有效鉴别绿松石及其处理品的无损检测方法,OH,H2O,PO4及CH2基团的振动模式和频率决定了优化处理绿松石的激光拉曼光谱特征。优化处理绿松石除具绿松石典型拉曼光谱特征外,在2 937和2 883cm-1处普遍出现一组具鉴定意义的由外来添加物中CH2伸缩振动及CH2弯曲振动致拉曼谱带。依据这些特征拉曼谱带,有助于将天然绿松石与优化处理品区分开。该研究为快速、准确、无损鉴别绿松石提供了一种新思路。  相似文献   

8.
建立了一种使用显微拉曼成像光谱仪检验发射火药、火药燃烧后产物和射击残留物的方法。取警用仿9×19巴拉贝鲁姆手枪弹发射药颗粒和“QSZ92式”9毫米手枪发射药燃烧后的产物,同时提取射击者手部射击残留物、枪管内射击残留物和目标靶物上射击残留物。使用显微拉曼成像光谱仪对采集的发射火药、火药燃烧后产物和射击残留物样本进行拉曼检测。实验中发现检测上述样品宜采用455 nm波长激光,此波段激光可有效避开荧光的干扰;激光强度选择6.0 mW,该能量下拉曼强度可达到最大,与其他杂峰有较好的区分;同时观察物镜选择50倍条件,该倍数条件下,可看到待测样本的微观形态特征,也可以最大程度的吸收拉曼信号。采用以上参数,待测样本获得的拉曼信号效果最好。拉曼光谱的检测谱图结果证明发射火药、火药燃烧后成分和其他部位提取的射击残留物主要成分基本一致,这些成分主要来源于待测样品中的有机成分部分。火药燃烧后成分和其他部位提取射击残留物的某些部分拉曼强度相对于发射火药有所下降和变化,实验中荧光现象有所加强,证明了射击后某些特定的成分会发生变化。50倍物镜条件下,微观形态可比性强,发现待测物表面存在表面黑亮、塌陷空洞和裂缝等特点,这些特点可视为不同类型待测样品的典型微观形态特征,也可作为判定射击残留物的有力证据。该方法可利用拉曼光谱对发射火药、火药燃烧后产物和射击残留物进行无损检验,符合当下光谱检验和法庭科学对此类样品的检验要求。同时方法的灵敏度高,分析速度快,操作简便。  相似文献   

9.
拉曼光谱在骨组织研究中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
拉曼光谱具有快速、无损、能同时提供无机和有机成分信息,包括矿物晶格和胶原蛋白二级结构信息等特点,在骨组织研究中有着重要应用。本文结合本课题组工作,对骨组织的光谱背景处理、拉曼光谱在骨的力学性能、骨科疾病、成像研究以及活体检测等方面的应用进行了综述。  相似文献   

10.
拉曼光谱技术在中国古玉、古玉器鉴定和研究中的应用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
激光拉曼光谱技术是应用于科技考古研究中的高技术之一,属于无损分析研究,但作为一种很好的无损分析方法它在中国古代玉器研究中的应用并不非常广泛.文章首先介绍了激光拉曼光谱技术的基本原理及近几年来国内外的最新进展,然后从矿物结构与拉曼特征峰之间的关系入手比较了目前国内外5种常见玉石的激光拉曼研究结果.然后分别通过对浙江良渚遗址和河南安阳殷墟遗址出土的4件中国古代玉器与新疆和田地区出产的软玉样品进行对比研究,成功地利用激光拉曼光谱技术对一批中国古代玉器进行了无损鉴定,从而阐明该项技术在中国古代玉器结构测试和材质鉴定中是一种很好的无损分析研究方法.最后,讨论了目前激光拉曼光谱技术在中国古玉和古代玉器研究中存在的局限性并对其发展前景进行了展望.  相似文献   

11.
云南古青铜矛防腐层的电子探针研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文对云南楚雄地区春秋战国时期的一柄防腐较好的青铜矛进行了研究。研究发现,青铜矛基体的主要成分是铜和锡,其含锡量高达30.3%;青铜矛表面防腐层的主要成分是SnO2,高达83%,研究结果表明,SnO2具有较好的防腐能力。  相似文献   

12.
利用超景深显微镜和激光共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪,对重庆市云阳县丝栗包遗址出土的一件青铜耳杯的锈蚀产物进行分析。通过分析可知,该耳杯的锈蚀物主要有:磷氯铅矿(Pb_5(PO_4)_3Cl)、白铅矿(PbCO_3)、氧化铅(PbO)、赤铜矿(Cu_2O)、孔雀石(Cu_2CO_3(OH)_2)和蓝铜矿(Cu_3(CO_3)_2(OH)_2)。铅的腐蚀产物由内向外的分布为氧化铅、白铅矿和磷氯铅矿。据此推断锈蚀外层磷氯铅矿的形成过程可能为:铅氧化成氧化铅,之后转换成白铅矿,白铅矿在酸性、富含磷和氯的环境下转变成化学性质稳定的磷氯铅矿。  相似文献   

13.
Studying the micro-structure of Austrian, Bosnian and Croatian Bronze Age objects made of tin bronze, a rare kind of corrosion feature, called in the following “tentacle-like” according to its specific way of penetrating the metallic matrix, was noted and investigated. Differing from the more classical intergranular, pitting, or crevice corrosion features, the “tentacle-like” corrosion is not following the grain boundaries, nor precisely positioned under the etching area, but penetrates mainly the crystal matrix without any apparent order. This paper discusses the first results achieved and the following hypotheses formulated in respect of the typology of this corrosion. The analyses were carried out by optical microscopy, Raman microspectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy equipped with EDX spectroscopy for quantitative analyses.  相似文献   

14.
The paper is devoted to investigating the formation of CuCl and regenerated Cu crystals on bronze. Electrochemical behaviour of bronze in simulated anoxic edaphic media and occluded cell (O.C.) solutions was studied with cycle voltammetry (CV) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Within potential range of −800 to +800 mV, oxidation occurred was largely a process in which Cu is oxidized to CuCl and the reduction process was a reverse of it. An atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe the morphology of CuCl crystals, regenerated Cu crystals and corrosion interface at nm level. The deposition of regenerated Cu on simulated archaeological bronzes was simulated under experimental conditions for the first time. CuCl could be thoroughly reduced to pure Cu if reduction time interval were sufficiently prolonged. This provided a theoretical and experimental basis for getting rid of harmful CuCl patina from archaeological bronzes with electrochemical means.  相似文献   

15.
A comparative evaluation of the corrosion behaviour of a G85 bronze in acid rain solutions was performed. As weathering technique, a wet–dry device was used to simulate a cyclic exposure to stagnant rain. The weathering solutions were a collected natural rain and an artificial solution reproducing the natural rain. The solutions were periodically monitored as concerns pH and metallic ion concentrations. On the aged specimens, surface studies were performed through OM, SEM and Raman analyses. At the end of weathering tests (40 days), weight loss measurements were carried out. The aim of this work was to examine the reproducibility in laboratory of the corrosive conditions determined by a natural acid rain. The final goal of this research is to investigate the dissolution of a quaternary alloy exposed to acid rains. The results showed slightly different corrosion behaviours as a consequence of the exposure to natural or synthetic rain. Concerning the mechanism of corrosion of G85 bronze, the innovative approach adopted in this study allowed one to point out the contribution of each alloying element to the general corrosion. Actually, while Cu and Pb progressively form insoluble corrosion compounds, Zn continuously dissolves, without forming detectable insoluble products. The absence of dissolved tin is remarkable. PACS  82.45.Bb; 82.33.Tb; 92.40.Ea  相似文献   

16.
17.
Four samples of steels with alloying elements were exposed to an industrial environment during 1,955 days, aiming to elucidate the effect of the alloying elements Cu and Ni on the resistance of weathering steels to corrosion processes. The samples were characterized with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), saturation magnetization measurements and with energy dispersive (EDS), infrared, Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopies. All the steels originated orange and dark corrosion layers; their thicknesses were determined from the SEM images. EDS data of such rust layers showed that the alloying element content decreases from the steel core towards the outer part of the rust layer. Moreover, in the dark rust layer some light-gray regions were identified in the W and Cu-alloy steel, where relatively higher Cr and Cu contents were found. XRD patterns, infrared, Raman and Mössbauer spectra (298, 110 and 4 K) indicated that the corrosion products are qualitatively the same, containing lepidocrocite (γFeOOH; hereinafter, it may be referred to as simply L), goethite (αFeOOH; G), feroxyhite (δ′FeOOH; F), hematite (αFe2O3; H) and magnetite (Fe3O4; M) in all samples; this composition does not depend upon the steel type, but their relative concentrations is related to the alloying element. Mössbauer data reveal the presence of (super)paramagnetic iron oxides in the corrosion products. Saturation magnetization measurements suggest that feroxyhite may be an occurring ferrimagnetic phase in the rust layer.  相似文献   

18.
In the framework of the EFESTUS project (funded by the European Commission, contract No. ICA3-CT-2002-10030) the corrosion products of a large number of archaeological bronze artefacts are investigated by means of the combined use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy (OM) and tentative correlation of their nature with the chemical composition of the artefacts and the burial context is proposed.The results provide good insight into the corrosion layers and evidence in some bronze Roman coins and artefacts; the occurrence of uncommon corrosion phenomena that give rise to the formation of a yellowish-green complex chlorine-phosphate of lead (pyromorphite, (PbCl)Pb4(PO4)3) and of a gold-like thick layer of an iron and copper sulphide (chalcopyrite, CuFeS2). The micro-chemical and micro-structural results show that the coins were buried in a soil enriched in phosphorus for the accidental presence of a large amount of decomposing fragments of bones or in an anaerobic and humus rich soil where the chalcopyrite layer has been produced via the interaction between the iron of the soil, the copper of the coin and the sulphur produced by the decomposition of organic matter in an almost oxygen free environment. Finally, some unusual periodic corrosion phenomena occurring in high tin bronze mirrors found at Zama (Tunisia) are described. PACS 68.55Jk; 68.35 Dv; 68.37Hk; 68.55 Nq; 81.05 Bx  相似文献   

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