超声波显像管振动清洗机的研制

本文介绍一种无需任何清洗液且有别于常规超声波清洗机理的超声波显像管振动清洗机。从理论上分析说明超声波干振动清洗的机理和方法，阐明各超声参量的选取标准和超声振动系统中应注意的问题。     

CQQ-1型超声汽相清洗机

上海超声波仪器厂最新研制成功的CQQ-1型超声汽相清洗机是一台新颖的清洗设备,它在超声清洗基本功能上采用了目前最理想而又广泛使用的三氟三氯乙烷及其共沸物作为清洗液,该清洗设备既具有汽相清洗特性,又有超声清洗优点,是目前世界上较流行而又普遍使用的清洗设备。它具有快捷和有效清除人工或机械难以去掉污垢的能力,因此,CQQ-1型超声汽相清洗机的问世,将成为电子元器件、精密机械、光学、     

超声波清洗技术及应用

 超声波是频率在人耳听觉范围上限(16kHz～20kHz)以上的声波,超声波因其频率高、方向性强、穿透本领大,尤其是在液体中能产生空化现象等特点,已被广泛应用到许多领域。超声波应用技术甚多,主要分为检测超声、医学超声、声表面波、功率超声及高频超声等,超声波清洗技术(以下简称“超声清洗”)是功率超声应用最广泛的一种。超声清洗有时被称“无刷清洗”,把工件放入超声清洗机中,无需任何刷、搓、滚动等清洗动作,污物“自动”从工件表面脱落,一会儿就干净如新,看起来非常神奇,那么,它究竟是怎样清洗的呢?     

UC-40500调频超声清洗机

一、用途 UC-40500调频超声清洗机(见图1)是中国科学院东海研究站为开发应用而研制的新产品,适用于工厂、实验室、医院清洗,有一定批量的加工件及产品。特别适用于清洗几何形状复杂、含有盲孔深缝、手工难于     

测试大功率超声清洗机功率和效率的简易方法

从大功率超声清洗机电源输入到换能器的电流、电压波形皆非正弦波形。采用本文介绍的求和近似法,可以测试电流、电压的有效值以及平均功率。我们用求和近似法对大功率超声清洗机电源的电流、电压、电功率以及输入到超声换能器的电流、电压、电功率进行了测试,并用量热法对清洗槽获得的声功率也进行了测试。由测试结果计算出电源和超声换能器的效率。与已发表的结果比较接近。该方法可靠、直观、而且成本低,适合于生产厂家在现场进行测试与实验。     

浅谈印制电路板的一种清洗工艺

焊接是电子设备的生产中的重要步骤,焊接后必须进行清洗才能保证电子设备的可靠性、电气指标和工作寿命。鉴于军工产品必须要清洗,所以清洗工艺对于军工产品尤为重要。文中介绍了清洗的重要性,讨论了印制电路板污染物的种类和来源分析,提出了一种可靠的清洗工艺——溶剂气相清洗。气相清洗通常被认为是去除零件上有机污垢的一种最有效的清洁方法,这种方法甚至能去除工业中遇到的最为顽固的污垢。在溶剂蒸气清洗机中清洁后的零件从机器中出来时是干燥的,而且表面无任何残留物。     

手持半导体泵浦固体激光清洗机

针对轮胎模具和金属锈迹去除,介绍了自主研发生产的一种新型手持激光清洗机。采用半导体泵浦固体激光器（DPSS）手持方案,使光-光转换效率和清洁速率得到提升。激光平均功率超过160W。对橡胶轮胎模具和严重锈蚀钢板进行清洗,效果明显,清洗速度分别达到1.08m^2/h、1.44m^2/h。参数调整后可适应多种其他清洗应用。     

光学元件超声清洗工艺研究

系统开展了光学元件超声清洗工艺的实验研究。通过研究超声清洗剂、清洗温度等工艺参数的优化,找到了能够有效祛除元件表面无机污染物和有机污染物的较佳超声清洗工艺,且超声清洗没有对光学元件表面产生损伤,清洗后的光学元件接触角小于6,并不残留大于1 m的颗粒,超声清洗对光学元件表面污染物的祛除能力远胜于手工清洗。     

基于超声波的清洗机设计及清洗效果研究

实验结果表明,低频超声波、加入清洗液、清洗过程中织物转动均可加强清洗效果,清洗温度在40到50℃为最佳。     

功率超声与清洗技术

 超声波是物理学的一个分支,它是指频率在２０ｋＨｚ以上的声波．由于它具有良好的束射性、很高的强度和很强的穿透能力等特点,所以应用十分广泛．超声波的应用可以分为两大类：一类是检测超声;另一类是功率超声．检测超声是利用超声波的性质来对物质进行各种检验和测量,如Ｂ超、流量和液位测量等;而功率超声则是利用超声波振动形式的能量使物质的一些物理、化学和生物性质或状态发生改变。利用超声波进行清洗,是功率超声一种最广泛的应用,它起始于五十年代初,其特点是清洗速度快、质量高、易于实现自动化．特别适用于清洗表面形状复杂的工件,如对于精密工件上空穴、狭缝、凹槽、微孔及暗洞处,通常的洗刷方法难以奏效.     

Technical aspects of ultrasonic cleaning

To a great extent, the cleaning fluid used determines the effectiveness of an ultrasonic cleaner. This article describes experiments for identifying cavitation and determining its distribution so that the workpiece can be put in the right position in the tank. Viscosity, surface tension and vapour pressure of a liquid decide whether it has good cavitating properties, and it is important to choose the right solvent for each cleaning task. Greasy, dust-covered and oxidized surfaces are each cleaned best with a particular range of solvents     

流体动力式超声与槽式超声提取黄芩的比较

目的:比较两种超声发生器对化学反应的促进作用。方法:首先用碘释放测量法进行实验,分别用气哨式流体动力式超声发生器和槽式超声清洗仪处理碘化钾溶液,采用分光光度法测定碘化钾溶液的吸光度。随后分别用流体动力式超声与槽式超声提取黄芩,采用高效液相色谱法测定黄芩苷含量。结果:经流体动力式超声发生器和槽式超声清洗仪处理的碘化钾溶液的吸光度分别为0.990和0.498。以水为溶剂用流体动力式超声提取黄芩,黄芩苷含量显著高于槽式超声。结论:流体动力式发生器(每升能耗0.0156kwh)的空化效应高于槽式超声清洗仪(每升能耗0.0148kwh)。     

Observations of water cavitation intensity under practical ultrasonic cleaning conditions

In the industrial cleaning processes either organic solvents or water solutions are used as the cleaning media. The primary causative factor of ultrasonic cleaning is cavitation. Below are presented results of investigations into the influence of temperature, gas content and the solution level in an ultrasonic cleaner on cavitation intensity in the tap water. Previous investigations have revealed a great deal of information on the influence of the above factors on the cavitation intensity and these are confirmed. It has now been found that the tap water reaches the highest cavitation intensity at temperatures below 20 degrees C but during heating at higher temperatures (20-40 degrees C) a second peak of cavitation intensity may appear-depending on the height of water in the bath and air content.     

超声清洗装置空化噪声谱分析法空化噪声级测量

空化强度是用以衡量液体介质中空化活动的剧烈程度,同时空化效应在超声清洗中起关键作用,因此,测量超声清洗槽中的空化强度便可了解其中空化活动的情况.当发生空化时,液体介质中会产生成分复杂空化噪声,对空化噪声谱进行分析和计算得到空化噪声级,据此可判断空化强度.实验测得结果表明:超声清洗装置内稳态空化分布广泛、均匀,瞬态空化分...     

Application of ultrasonics to enhance the efficiency of cleaning Thelephora ganbajun

The Thelephora ganbajun is a rare edible mushroom which is distributed only in Yunnan area of China. It grows generally in the red soil under Burma pine. Therefore, there is a lot of dirt on the mushroom. The dirt adheres and embeds on the root firmly and deeply, thus to clean them is very difficult. The paper reports an efficient method to clean T. ganbajun using ultrasonic cleaner. The optimum parameters for ultrasonic clean are: detergent: 0.67%, sample:water=1:100, T=21.5-25.0 degrees C, and cleaning time: 20 min. Under the optimum condition, the cleaning efficiency can be increased 55.5% than that without sonication. Higher cleaning efficiency and more edible parts of the rare mushroom was got.     

Study on the multifrequency Langevin ultrasonic transducer

Langevin ultrasonic transducers are widely used in high-power ultrasonics and underwater sound. In ultrasonic cleaning, a matching metal horn rather than a metal cylinder is used as the radiator in order to enhance the radiating surface and improve the acoustic matching between the transducer and the processed medium. To raise the effect of ultrasonic cleaning, the standing wave in the cleaning tank should be eliminated. One method to eliminate the standing wave in the tank is to use the multifrequency ultrasonic transducer. In this paper, the Langevin ultrasonic horn transducer, with two resonance frequencies, is studied. The transducer consists of two groups of piezoelectric ceramic elements: the back metal cylinder, the middle metal cylinder and the front matching metal horn. The vibrational modes of the transducer are analysed, and resonance frequency equations of the transducer in the half-wave and the all-wave vibrational modes are derived. According to the resonance frequency equations, transducers with two resonance frequencies are designed and made. The resonance frequencies, the effective electromechanical coupling coefficients and the equivalent electric impedances of the transducers are measured. It is shown that the measured resonance frequencies are in good agreement with the computed results, and the transducer can be excited to vibrate at two resonance frequencies, which correspond to the half-wave and the all-wave vibrational modes of the transducer.     

Numerical simulation of acoustic field under mechanical stirring

The present study analyzes the effect of stirring on ultrasonic degradation experiments through acoustic field distribution, which provides a guidance for further improvement of the degradation rate of organic solutions. It is known that in order to eliminate the standing wave field formed by ultrasonic radiation in the water tank, the liquid in the water tank needs to be stirred and the corresponding distribution of acoustic field is simulated by using the finite element method(FEM).The standing wave leads to an uneven distribution of the acoustic field when it is not stirred, and disappears after being stirred, which increases the cavitation area in the ultrasonic cleaning tank. Then, the degradation experiment with agitation is carried out. The experimental results show that the degradation rate of the solution is higher than that when there is no agitation, which confirms the importance of the acoustic field distribution to ultrasonic degradation. In addition, it is clear that with the increase of the stirring speed, the degradation rate increases first and reaches a maximum at 600 rpm before decreasing. Finally, the distribution of flow field is simulated and analyzed.     

Surface cleaning of metals by pulsed-laser irradiation in air

The surface-cleaning effect of metals was investigated using KrF-excimer-laser irradiation of metal surfaces in air. The laser-induced cleaning of copper, stainless steel and aluminum surfaces was studied. It is found that laser cleaning is an effective cleaning process for metals even if the metal surfaces are heavily contaminated. It is also found that short wavelength and pulse duration are necessary for laser surface-cleaning. The energy density of the laser pulse is an important parameter in the cleaning process. Low energy density results in a cleaner surface but a larger pulse number is required, whereas high energy density can achieve higher cleaning efficiency but the temperature rise can cause surface oxidation and secondary contamination. In contrast to the KrF-excimer-laser, the pulsed CO₂ laser is not effective in surface-cleaning. The mechanisms of laser cleaning may include laser photodecomposition, laser ablation and surface vibration due to the impact of the laser pulse. Laser cleaning provides a new dry process to clean different substrate surfaces and can replace the conventional wet cleaning processes such as ultrasonic cleaning with CFC and other organic solvents.     

Studies of a novel sensor for assessing the spatial distribution of cavitation activity within ultrasonic cleaning vessels

This paper describes investigations of the spatial distribution of cavitation activity generated within an ultrasonic cleaning vessel, undertaken using a novel cavitation sensor concept. The new sensor monitors high frequency acoustic emissions (>1 MHz) generated by micron-sized bubbles driven into acoustic cavitation by the applied acoustic field. Novel design features of the sensor, including its hollow, cylindrical shape, provide the sensor with spatial resolution, enabling it to associate the megahertz acoustic emissions produced by the cavitating bubbles with specific regions of space within the vessel. The performance of the new sensor has been tested using a 40 kHz ultrasonic cleaner employing four transducers and operating at a nominal electrical power of 140 W under controlled conditions. The results demonstrate the ability of the sensors to identify 'hot-spots' and 'cold-spots' in cavitation activity within the vessel, and show good qualitative agreement with an assessment of the spatial distribution of cavitation determined through erosion monitoring of thin sheets of aluminium foil. The implications of the studies for the development of reliable methods of quantifying the performance of cleaning vessels are discussed in detail.     

Cleaning efficiency enhancement by ultrasounds for membranes used in dairy industries

Membrane cleaning is a key point for the implementation of membrane technologies in the dairy industry for proteins concentration. In this study, four ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with different molecular weight cut-offs (MWCOs) (5, 15, 30 and 50 kDa) and materials (polyethersulfone and ceramics) were fouled with three different whey model solutions: bovine serum albumin (BSA), BSA plus CaCl₂ and whey protein concentrate solution (Renylat 45). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of ultrasounds (US) on the membrane cleaning efficiency. The influence of ultrasonic frequency and the US application modes (submerging the membrane module inside the US bath or applying US to the cleaning solution) were also evaluated. The experiments were performed in a laboratory plant which included the US equipment and the possibility of using two membrane modules (flat sheet and tubular). The fouling solution that caused the highest fouling degree for all the membranes was Renylat 45. Results demonstrated that membrane cleaning with US was effective and this effectiveness increased at lower frequencies. Although no significant differences were observed between the two different US applications modes tested, slightly higher cleaning efficiencies values placing the membrane module at the bottom of the tank were achieved.