狭长封闭声场的近似圆锥束跟踪法模拟研究

狭长空间声传播特性研究对于地铁，长廊等场所的音质设计是非常有意义的，本文提出了模拟狭长封闭声场的近似圆锥束跟踪法，利用它研究了矩形和非矩形狭长声场的空间分布特性。仿真结果表明，对于狭长声场，经典扩散场理论并不适用，而利用本文的数值模拟方法能正确地分析这类声场的特性。     

小阻尼封闭空间声压级灵敏度分析与优化设计

本文研究了小阻尼界面封闭空间低频声学有限元分析、灵敏度分析和优化设计问题。分别用模态法和直接法计算了封闭空间内声压级响应，并推导了声压级响应对声空间边界形状控制参数的灵敏度分析公式，在此基础上建立了小阻尼空间声学问题的优化模型，同时给出了优化求解算法，并在JIFEX软件中进行了程序实现。本文提出的灵敏度分析和优化设计方法可以使声场的边界布局更为合理，从而达到改进小阻尼界面封闭空间声学性能的目的。数值算例验证了本文提出的灵敏度分析和优化算法的有效性。     

计算水下凹面目标散射声场的声束弹跳法

为了解决含有多次散射时水下目标声散射场的计算问题,提出了一种声束弹跳方法。把入射声波划分为若干声束,根据几何声学方法计算每条声束在目标表面的反射方向和能量损失,利用物理声学方法计算最后一次反射的声束所对应的面元的散射场,通过计算所有声束产生的散射场的叠加得到整个目标的散射场。计算了直角凹面圆锥体的散射声场,并对具体模型进行了水池测量实验,理论计算和实验测量结果一致。表明该方法作为一种高频近似的数值计算方法,可以计算存在多次散射时水下目标的散射声场。     

双层界面下非近轴近似多元高斯模型的相控阵声场模拟

非近轴近似多元高斯模型克服了近轴近似条件的限制,能保证较大偏转角度下模拟声场的精确度和效率。根据双层介质的瑞利积分模型和单层介质的非近轴近似多元高斯模型,推导出双层介质中基于非近轴近似多元高斯模型的单阵元辐射声场计算模型。并在得到各阵元声束偏转聚焦的延迟时间基础上,累加得到基于非近轴近似高斯模型的超声相控阵横波检测辐射声场计算模型。模拟计算带丙烯酸树脂楔块的超声相控阵探头在钢中横波检测的声束偏转与偏转聚焦辐射声场,并与近轴近似多元高斯模型的横波检测声束的偏转聚焦辐射声场进行比较分析。对比分析结果表明非近轴近似多元高斯模型计算速度更快,用时约为近轴近似多元高斯模型的1/13。此外,非近轴近似高斯模型方法横波检测的聚焦声束覆盖区域更大,能量更集中,更适于远场区域检测。      

采用能量守恒和高阶Padé近似的三维水声抛物方程模型

为了充分考虑海底地形随三维空间变化的海洋环境中水平方位角耦合效应对声传播的影响,建立了一种三维柱坐标系下流体高阶抛物方程算法。该算法采用泰勒近似将二维方根算子分裂成一维方根算子,并采用分裂步进的高阶Pade近似将一维方根算子写成微分算子有理分式连乘的形式,进而应用Galerkin离散化方法来处理微分算子,最终将微分方程写成矩阵方程的形式;采用能量守恒近似来处理海底边界,以考虑复杂海底对于声传播的影响;采用交替方向隐式格式,实现了三维声场的步进计算。楔形和海底山等典型海域声场仿真计算表明,相比于已有的声场计算模型,三维柱坐标系下高阶抛物方程模型可以更加精确地计算楔形海域和海底山区域的三维声场,实现水平方位全空间声场计算。     

多层奥氏体钢中超声相控阵辐射声场分析

针对一维线性超声相控阵透过楔块,在多层不同晶轴取向的奥氏体钢中的声场辐射问题,结合高斯声束等效点源模型以及基于时间最小原理的射线追踪法,给出了各层介质中透射声场的计算方法。将奥氏体钢近似为横向各向同性介质,计算了相控阵透过楔块,在晶轴取向为0°的奥氏体钢中的无延时纵波声场,计算结果与COMSOL仿真结果相吻合,从而验证了所用方法的正确性。通过加入不同的延迟法则,仿真计算了三层含有不同晶轴取向(0°,30°,100°)的奥氏体钢中的纵波声场,实现了相控阵声场的偏转与聚焦,分析了偏转声场与聚焦声场的传播特性。仿真结果表明,不同的晶轴取向将导致不同的声束偏转以及聚焦效果。通过延迟激励各阵元,虽然可以控制声束偏转或聚焦到预定位置,但是晶轴取向仍会对声束宽度以及幅值产生一定的影响。      

基于声粒子分布积分的无网格声场计算方法

小尺度封闭空间内部声场的数值计算是声学设计、噪声控制等领域的关键技术。由于波动声学及几何声学方法计算频率上的限制,中频段声场计算问题一直是个难点。本文以声学无网格法为基础,提出了一种基于声粒子分布积分的无网格声场数值计算方法。文中利用声线跟踪理论计算声场中的声粒子分布,并以某个时间点上的声粒子作为蒙特卡罗法中的积分点,将其应用于无网格法中,从而获得声场中的节点声压。利用该方法对一个矩形封闭空间的中低频声场进行了计算,并与模态叠加法、商用声场计算软件、经典无网格法的结果进行了对比,证明基于声粒子分布积分的无网格声场数值计算方法在中低频段相较于传统基于网格的方法具有更高的精度。     

非近轴近似多高斯声束模型的相控阵换能器声场计算

针对近轴近似的多高斯声束模犁无法准确计算离轴区域声场的问题,我们提出了一个矩形源的非近轴近似多高斯声束模型,用于计算偏转聚焦时线性相控阵换能器辐射的声场.利用该方法计算了由矩形阵元组成的相控线阵的辐射声场,并与瑞利积分、近轴近似方法及夫琅和费近似方法进行了分析和对比,计算结果表明该方法克服了常规近轴近似条件的限制,可以准确、快速地计算较大偏转范围内的换能器辐射声场,在计算相控阵换能器偏转聚焦声场中具有独特的优势.     

室内粗糙表面声散射体掠入射角度散射估计

针对经典边界元方法对掠入射角度下的散射估计精度较低的问题,发展了一种边界无网格模型.此模型将散射体视为具有无限延伸的形式,避免了经典边界元法中薄板形式所导致的声压差问题,而且更加符合实际房间中散射体的存在形式;模型利用无网格算法实现数值仿真,可对任意表面形状特别是曲面散射体具有更高的仿真精度。利用边界无网格模型计算了不同形状散射体的散射系数及散射声场,并将结果与解析方法、测量实验进行了对比.对比结果表明,边界无网格模型可以准确预测散射体的散射性质,特别是对掠入射角度的估计要优于经典边界元法.研究结论可应用于室内声学散射体特征预测及优化设计,对提高声场扩散及室内音质水平具有重要意义.      

水下等离子体声源的聚束特性研究

分析水下等离子体声源的反射聚束特性,对研究和应用水下定向辐射技术具有重要的指导意义。对不同曲面障板的反射规律做了分析,利用Euler方程建立了水下等离子体声源的聚束声场分布模型,利用迎风型WENO格式对方程进行求解,仿真计算了两种曲面障板的聚束过程和声场分布特性,并设计相关实验对仿真结果进行了验证。研究结果表明,仿真结果与实验测量结果基本吻合,得到的声场云图较为直观地反映了声源的反射聚束特性,证明了仿真模型的有效性,为进一步研究水下定向辐射技术、提高声源级奠定了基础。     

基于联合波叠加法的浅海信道下圆柱壳声辐射研究

针对浅海信道下弹性结构声辐射预报尚无高效可靠的研究方法,提出了一种浅海信道下弹性结构声辐射快速预报的联合波叠加法.该方法结合了浅海信道传输函数、多物理场耦合数值计算法和波叠加法理论,运用该方法可对浅海信道下弹性结构辐射声场进行快速预报.经数值法和解析解法验证后,从信道下辐射源、环境影响和辐射声场测量的角度研究分析了浅海信道下弹性圆柱壳的声辐射特性,阐释了进行浅海信道下结构声辐射研究的必要性.研究结果表明,仅在低频浅海信道下弹性结构可近似等效为点源,信道上下边界对声场产生显著的耦合影响,高频段的空间声场指向性分布尤为明显,垂直线列阵进行信道下结构辐射声功率测量时,测量结果受到信道环境边界和潜深的影响较大.     

联合波叠加法的全息理论与实验研究

当空间声场中同时存在多个相干声源时，运用常规近场声全息方法无法重建每个相干声源表面的声学信息，当然也无法预测每个声源单独产生的空间声场，相干声场的全息重建与预测已成为全息技术推广应用过程中亟待解决的问题.在提出联合波叠加法并将其应用于空间声场变换的基础上，对其进行了实验研究.通过对实际相干声场的全息重建与预测，验证了常规波叠加法在相干声场重建中的局限性、联合波叠加法在相干声场全息重建与预测过程的可行性和准确性，还研究了Tikhonov正则化方法在抑制声学逆问题的非适定性中的有效性和滤波系数的选择原则的可行性，以提高全息重建与预测的精度. 关键词： 近场声全息 联合波叠加 相干声场 Tikhonov正则化     

Equivalent source method for identification of panel acoustic contribution in irregular enclosed sound field

For the interior sound field formed by the complex vibrating structure,an identification approach of panel acoustic contribution based on equivalent source method(ESM)was presented.The normal velocity on the surface of vibrating structure was first reconstructed by using interior nearfield acoustic holography based on ESM and the prediction of whole interior enclosed sound field was realized.Then the sound pressure produced by each panel at the interested field point was respectively replaced by the radiated pressure of the enclosed interior sound field which is formed by the equivalent virtual sources located near the surface of the cavity.Combining with the reconstructed normal surface velocity,the acoustic contribution of each panel to any position in the cavity was obtained by transforming the complex enclosed non-free field into the simple interior free field.Numerical simulations and experiments are conducted,and the influences of the number of the equivalent sources and the distance between them and the reconstructed surface have been investigated.The results show that the proposed method is easier to be implemented with the same accuracy than the traditional analysis method.     

Effect of diffusive and nondiffusive surfaces combinations on sound diffusion

One of room acoustic goals, especially in small to medium rooms, is sound diffusion in low frequencies, which have been the subject of lots of researches. Sound diffusion is a very important consideration in acoustics because it minimizes the coherent reflections that cause problems. It also tends to make an enclosed space sound larger than it is. Diffusion is an excellent alternative or complement to sound absorption in acoustic treatment because it doesn’t really remove much energy, which means it can be used to effectively reduce reflections while still leaving an ambient or live sounding space. Distribution of diffusive and nondiffusive surfaces on room walls affect sound diffusion in room, but the amount, combination, and location of these surfaces are still the matter of question. This paper investigates effects of these issues on room acoustic frequency response in different parts of the room with different source-receiver locations. Room acoustic model based on wave method is used (implemented) which is very accurate and convenient for low frequencies in such rooms. Different distributions of acoustic surfaces on room walls have been introduced to the model and room frequency response results are calculated. For the purpose of comparison, some measurements results are presented. Finally for more smooth frequency response in small and medium rooms, some suggestions are made.     

基于声能密度模型的中高频复杂声场预报方法

提出并推导了一种基于声能密度分布方程的声场预报方法。在能量和功率流的本构关系基础上建立声能密度平衡方程。应用直达声场和反射混响声场的叠加原理和边界面散射模型,建立了面向中高频复杂声场细节预报的数值计算方法。通过有限元计算结果在一个简单声场模型上对此方法做了验证,对比结果显示了声能密度法预报有可靠的精度和准确度。     

相干声线跟踪理论中的周期界面迭代散射 仿真方法*

界面声反射模拟是室内复杂声学现象仿真的关键。针对传统声学仿真方法对于周期散射结构存在条件下声场仿真精度较低的问题,本文发展了一种基于迭代散射模型的室内相干声线跟踪法。此方法以经典的相干声线跟踪法为基础,将室内中常见的周期散射结构进行几何形状上的简化处理,然后依据周期散射定理给出声波在界面上的散射方向及能量,并将原始声线迭代分裂为相应的散射子声线,继续对其跟踪处理,此迭代散射模型对周期散射结构上的界面散射现象进行了准确的模拟。数值验证结果表明,本文方法可以有效地在低频段提高室内声场仿真精度,可为具有复杂散射现象的室内仿真提供新思路。     

Reconstruction and prediction of coherent acoustic field with the combined wave superposition approach

The routine wave superposition approach cannot be used in reconstruction and prediction of a coherent acoustic field, because it is impossible to separate the pressures generated by individual sources. According to the superposition theory of the coherent acoustic field , a novel method based on the combined wave superposition approach is developed to reconstruct and predict the coherent acoustic field by building the combined pressure matching matrixes between the hologram surfaces and the sources. The method can reconstruct the acoustic information on surfaces of the individual sources, and it is possible to predict the acoustic field radiated from every source and the total coherent acoustic field can also be calculated spontaneously. The experimental and numerical simulation results show that this method can effectively solve the holographic reconstruction and prediction of the coherent acoustic field and it can also be used as a coherent acoustic field separation technique. The study on this novel method extends the application scope of the acoustic holography technique.     

概率盒框架下混合认知不确定声场的响应预测

针对含概率盒-证据混合认知不确定参数声场的响应预测问题,提出了一种概率盒框架下的改进区间蒙特卡洛方法。该方法首先将混合认知不确定参数转换为纯概率盒形式,然后结合有限元方法推导出混合认知不确定声场的盖根鲍尔多项式代理模型,再采用蒙特卡洛方法求解代理模型得到声压响应。以含概率盒-证据混合认知不确定参数的二维管道声场模型和卡车乘客舱声腔模型为例,计算结果表明混合认知不确定参数影响下的声压响应为概率盒形式,其包括声压响应极值和相应的概率信息,并且所提方法较常规混合离散方法效率更优,较基于一阶摄动法的区间蒙特卡洛方法准确性更高。研究结果表明:所提方法可以有效预测混合认知不确定声场的声压响应,并可进行声学性能的风险和保守估计。      

Prediction of reverberation time and speech transmission index in long enclosures

It is known that the sound field in a long space is not diffuse, and that the classic theory of room acoustics is not applicable. A theoretical model is developed for the prediction of reverberation time and speech transmission index in rectangular long enclosures, such as corridors and train stations, where the acoustic quality is important for speech. The model is based on an image-source method, and both acoustically hard and impedance boundaries are investigated. An approximate analytical solution is used to predict the frequency response of the sound field. The reverberation time is determined from the decay curve which is computed by a reverse-time integration of the squared impulse response. The angle-dependence of reflection coefficients of the boundaries and the change of phase upon reflection are incorporated in this model. Due to the relatively long distance of sound propagation, the effect of atmospheric absorption is also considered. Measurements of reverberation time and speech transmission index taken from a real tunnel, a corridor, and a model tunnel are presented. The theoretical predictions are found to agree well with the experimental data. An application of the proposed model has been suggested.     

Acoustic performance prediction of Helmholtz resonator with conical neck

There is no accurate analytical approach for the acoustic performance prediction of Helmholtz resonator with conical neck,which has broad band acoustic attenuation performance in the low frequency range.To predict the acoustic performance of the resonator accurately,a general theory model based on the one-dimensional analysis approach with acoustic length corrections is developed.The segmentation method is used to calculate the acoustic parameters for sound propagation in conical tubes.And then,an approximate formula is deduced to give accurate correction lengths for conical tubes with difierent geometries.The deviations of the resonance frequency between the transmission loss results obtained by the general theory with acoustic lengths correction and the results from the finite element method and experiments are less than 2 Hz,which is much better than the results from one-dimensional approach without corrections.The results show that the method of acoustic length correction for the conical neck greatly improved the accuracy of the one-dimensional analysis approach,and it will be quick and accurate to predict the sound attenuation property of Helmholtz resonator with conical neck.