Design and Evaluation of Computer Generated Hologram with Binary Subwavelength Structure Designed by Deterministic Process

A binary subwavelength structure for multilevel phase modulation can be designed by our previously proposed deterministic design method without iterative optimization method. To use our design technique in various applications of a computer generated hologram (CGH) like an array illuminator, beam-shaping, signal processing, and so on, an image quality of a reconstructed image from a CGH has become much more important. In this paper, we verify the image quality of a reconstructed image from a CGH designed by our method in terms of the modulation transfer function (MTF) and the spatial resolution. Simulation results show that our technique can theoretically achieve a MTF of more than 99% over a wide range and a spatial resolution of less than 9.66μm.     

线扫描缺陷检测系统中的LED光源设计

光源是影响机器视觉输入系统的重要因素,直接影响输入数据的质量和至少30％的应用效果。在线扫描缺陷检测系统中,对光源的亮度、均匀性、直线性、寿命、光谱范围都提出了较高的要求。鉴于LED光源在机器视觉中具有许多优点,以LED线形光源为例,探讨了线形阵列LED光源照明光场分布的影响因素,结合柱面镜对光源单方向约束的特性,介绍了LED阵列和柱面镜组合的聚焦条形照明光源的设计方法。通过仿真,证明了该设计可满足线扫描系统对光源的要求。     

基于多通道Gabor滤波器的高鲁棒灰度图像目标识别新方法

提出了一种针对低质量的灰度图像的基于多通道Gabor小波滤波器的高鲁棒目标识别新方法。主要是利用Gabor小波设计了滤波器,滤波器的中心频率是一个从低到高的范围。滤波器采用不同方向、不同尺度,从而组成多通道滤波器。对灰度图像直接进行小波变换,用Gabor小波变换系数的模的平均值和其标准方差来表示抽取的灰度图像目标的特征,并对获得的小波特征归一化后输入到改进的BP神经网络分类器中进行分类识别。对四种不同的飞机灰度图像目标进行了分类识别仿真实验。结果表明,这种特征提取方法能有效地提取灰度图像目标纹理特征,并且对噪音和形状的变化具有强鲁棒性。在应用灰度图像对目标进行识别时,神经网络的训练时间减少到10min,识别率达到94%。     

Quantifying the effects of fast-acting compression on the envelope of speech

Fast-acting compression has several effects on the envelope of speech signals, especially when a target and a background are mixed together. Three measures of the envelope are described, which can be used to quantify these changes: (1) Within-signal modulation correlation or coherence, the degree of correlation (or coherence) of the envelope (on a dB scale) of a single source across different frequency regions, which is reduced by fast-acting compression; (2) fidelity of envelope shape, the degree to which the envelope shape of the target speech in different frequency channels is preserved following compression; and (3) across-signal modulation correlation or coherence (ASMC), the extent to which the target and background acquire a common component of modulation when they are compressed together, which becomes greater in absolute value (more negative) when the target and background are compressed together. Values of these measures are presented and compared with intelligibility scores obtained using stimuli processed (with a noise-vocoder) so as to preserve mainly envelope cues in a limited number of frequency channels. The results suggest that the dominant factor affecting intelligibility is ASMC.     

A flexible fast 3D profilometry based on modulation measurement

This paper proposes a flexible fast profilometry based on modulation measurement. Two orthogonal gratings through a beam splitter are vertically projected on an object surface, and the measured object is placed between the imaging planes of the two gratings. Then the image of the object surface modulated by the orthogonal gratings can be obtained by a CCD camera in the same direction as the grating projection. This image is processed by the operations consisting of performing the Fourier transform, spatial frequency filtering and inverse Fourier transform. Using the modulation distributions of two grating patterns, we can reconstruct the 3D shape of the object. In the measurement process, we only need to capture one fringe pattern, so it is faster than the MMP and remains the advantages of it. In the article, the principle of this method, the setup of the measurement system, some simulations and primary experiment results are given. The simulative and experimental result proves it can restore the 3D shape of the complex object fast and comparatively accurate. Because only one fringe pattern is needed in the testing, our method has a promising extensive application prospect in real-time acquiring and dynamic measurement of 3D data of complex objects.     

利用强度调制消除零频的傅里叶变换轮廓测量

采用双色正弦条纹投影的傅里叶变换轮廓术中零频分量的扩展对有用基频分量有影响,为此提出一种新型的基于强度调制的零频消除方法提高测量准确度和范围.通过采集一帧变形彩色条纹图并分离颜色通道获得两幅相位差为π的条纹图,对变形条纹做强度调制校正,进而消除零频分量,实现高度解析.理论模拟和实验测试均验证了此方法的有效性.相比传统的相移消除零频分量的方法,此方法具有显著的速度优势,适合于三维物体的实时测量.     

基于空域非均匀傅里叶变换的傅里叶望远镜

为了在稀疏发射阵列下清晰重构目标图像,提出了一种基于空域非均匀傅里叶变换(NDFT)的傅里叶望远镜信号处理方法。依据傅里叶望远镜的发射器位置与抽取的目标空间频率关系,结合MATLAB程序特点,完成了空域非均匀傅里叶逆变换,重构了目标图像。稀疏发射阵列配置方式为:T型阵列单臂放置11个发射望远镜,连续抽取目标的8个低频信息,再抽取3个高频分量。选择不同形状和灰度分布的4个卫星作为成像目标。与补零均匀快速傅里叶变换(FFT)方法重构的图像对比发现:信噪比为100 dB时,相比补零均匀FFT方法, NDFT方法重构图像的Strehl比都有所提升,最高提升了0.159 8。     

宽可调谐双微环耦合半导体激光器的模拟研究

为了对宽可调谐微环耦合半导体激光器进行理论研究,提出了一种新型半导体激光器动态理论模型对其动态特性进行仿真分析。激光器的有源区采用传统的时域行波法进行模拟,由于调谐带宽大于40nm,需要考虑增益谱线型,而无源区则先利用频域模型计算其频谱特性,再利用有限冲击响应数字滤波器转化到时域与有源区进行连接。通过仿真分析得出,微环的耦合系数对激光器的大信号调制具有十分重要的影响。低耦合系数可以获得极窄的线宽但是激光器大信号直接调制能力也会随之急剧劣化。仿真结果还显示出该类型激光器可以进行高速大范围波长调谐。     

基于形状特征的水声图像小目标识别方法

为了抑制背景噪声,提高目标识别准确率,该文提出一种基于形状特征的水声图像小目标识别方法。对含有目标的水声图像进行非局部均值去噪处理后,使用OTSU算法自适应选取阈值对去噪图像进行二值化分割,结合形态学处理获得分割后的目标区域;提取目标区域的矩形度、圆形度、几何不变矩等各项形状参数,将目标的特征向量输入随机森林分类器实现对目标形状的识别。在仿真和实测数据集上分别进行了实验,结果表明,该方法对水声图像中的目标具有较高的识别率,可以实现不同高斯噪声背景下的目标识别,相较于其他方法在识别率上有一定提高。     

卷积神经网络主动目标方位估计

复杂海洋环境中信道的传输特性、时空变化、频散效应等一定程度上制约了主动声呐目标方位估计的性能。该文引入卷积神经网络(CNN),提出了适用于主动声呐中目标方位的高精度估计方法。仿真声场环境为浅海负梯度,主动发射信号为具有多普勒不变性质的双曲调频信号,水平线列阵作为接收装置,目标按仿真路线运动。该文利用Kraken进行声场数据仿真,并对接收的信号在频域做均匀加权常规波束形成,进而进行卷积神经网络的模型训练和测试。数值仿真研究表明,该文所用方法可以有效估计目标波达方向,对信噪比具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Using Fast Fourier Transform to compute the line shape of frequency-modulated spectral profiles

An expression for the shape of spectral lines recorded by sinusoidal frequency modulation and harmonic detection is derived. It can be fast computed by means of the Fast Fourier Transform method and it holds for any modulation depth and modulation frequency. Different line shape functions, such as Voigt, Galatry, and speed-dependent Voigt, may be included in the model. In this work, the performance of the computing method is tested with experimental second harmonic rotational profiles, but it can be applied to higher harmonic spectra as well.     

基于稀疏活动轮廓模型的感兴趣目标检测定位算法

传统的基于形状信息目标定位的算法,对目标观测角度发生形变情况下的定位存在不少困难,针对该问题,提出了一种基于稀疏活动轮廓模型的感兴趣目标(OOI)检测算法.首先通过共同勾画算法学习到感兴趣目标的稀疏活动轮廓模型,它能够清晰地定义感兴趣目标模式;同时构成该模型的Gabor轮廓基元可以通过扰动进行局部的调整以适配图像,在一...     

A continuous-mode model of the mode locking in a pump-modulated laser

The active mode-locking process of the multimode laser with an external pump modulation is theoretically investigated in the frequency domain within the framework of the continuous-mode approximation. Intermode interaction and mode-coupling effects, including both AM and FM modulations, are naturally considered in a hierarchical equation of the mode components derived from the multimode Maxwell-Bloch equations. It is reduced to a continuous-mode equation that can be solved analytically in a stationary case, and used to discuss the spectral line shape and the phase dynamics of mode-components as a function of modulation amplitude and detuning of the modulation frequency. We predict a novel oscillation existing below the threshold of the ordinary complete mode-locking: The intensity of the total electric field yields a stable pulse train but its phase varies irregularly in time. This semi-locked state is characterized by a nonlinear chirping, an asymmetric spectrum, and drifting phases of the field mode-components.     

基于多特征融合的图像匹配模式

 常规图像匹配模式主要利用了像素的灰度信息和形状信息，而弱小目标检测与跟踪过程中，这两种信息都缺乏明显特征，难于满足高精度、稳定跟踪的要求。提出一种新的匹配模式，即从图像数据里提取包括灰度、形状在内的多种特征信息。寻找一种简单有效的信息融合手段，进而获取一种综合特征，利用“综合特征”进行相似度量来确定目标的最佳定位。仿真计算结果表明，该方法是可行和有效的。     

基于线阵CCD像素数提取的高速运动目标形变测量方法研究

针对传统光学成像测量方法对高速运动目标成像帧频低、像质模糊,难以满足对目标形变高精度测量的缺点,提出一种基于线阵CCD像素数提取的高速运动目标形变测量方法。该方法利用线阵CCD高分辨率、高帧频等优势,通过提取线阵CCD输出目标强度——像素曲线斜率变化率最大点来获取目标所占像素数N的像素数提取方法,同时采用DMD模拟高速运动目标形变过程,配合基于线阵CCD像素数提取的高速运动目标形变测量方法进行形变测量实验验证。实验结果显示采用该方法对V=450 km/h的高速运动目标进行形变量测量时,可以满足目标形变测量偏差小于0.3 mm,标准差小于0.5 mm,相对误差最低0.01%。实现了高速运动目标形变量的准确测量,为高速磨损测试、高温形变测试、高压形态测试等奠定了基础。     

剪切光束成像技术对纵深目标的成像

剪切光束成像技术是一种能透过大气湍流对远距离目标实现高分辨率成像的主动成像技术.现有相关研究中所采用的目标均为二维平面目标,然而现实中的目标一般都具有三维形貌,目标纵深对回波信号产生的延迟或对成像质量产生不利影响.从剪切光束成像理论出发,在二维目标成像模型的基础上建立了三维纵深目标成像模型,并利用该模型研究了两剪切光与参考光间的频差及目标纵深对成像的影响.仿真结果表明,随着拍频的增大,重构图像质量逐渐下降.剪切光束成像技术可通过减小拍频来提高真实目标成像质量.     

Automatic detection of colloidal particles based on a shape regularized integrated active contour model

Manual segmentation of single colloidal particle in suspension encounters a bottleneck when a number of defocused particles simultaneously exist in an image. In this paper, we describe an image processing algorithm for extracting individual particle from digitized microscope images of colloidal suspensions. We propose a particle detection and location solution using a shape regularized integrated active contour model (ACM). Compared with existing methods where active contour models are not applied well to deal with multiple objects in complicated background, the proposed approach can automatically identify and locate multiple particles by combining characteristics of the particles such as shape, boundary and region. A regularization term is defined by prior information of specific shape, which is able to drive the shape of evolving curve toward the shape prior gradually. To locate the centers of the particles, the Hough transform is applied. Experimental results using polystyrene beads as sample particles reveal that the method has high efficiency and ability to deal with colloidal particles.     

畴腐蚀掺镁铌酸锂可调阵列光分束器的研究

研究了不同畴腐蚀深度的掺镁铌酸锂二维六角可调阵列光分束器的分数Talbot效应.对不同Talbot分数β和不同畴腐蚀深度的阵列光分束器Talbot衍射像进行了数值模拟理论研究.模拟结果表明,Talbot分数β可以改变Talbot衍射像的周期及结构分布,而畴腐蚀深度可有效调制衍射像的光强分布.在理论研究的基础上,设计并制备了具有不同畴腐蚀深度的掺镁铌酸锂二维六角阵列光分束器,对其在不同Talbot分数β条件下的分数Talbot效应进行了通光实验研究,实现了畴腐蚀阵列光分束器对近场Talbot衍射光强分布的调制,实验结果与理论研究结果一致.     

Active hyperspectral imaging with a supercontinuum laser source in the dark

An active hyperspectral imaging(HSI) system was built with a supercontinuum(SC) laser illuminator and a visible/near-infrared hyperspectral camera, which was used for object spectrum detection in the dark. It was demonstrated that the Gaussian-like distribution of the SC illuminator can still be used for accurate reflectance spectrum measurement once the illuminator was characterized in advance. The validity of active HSI results was demonstrated by comparison with passive results. Then, the active HSI system was used to acquire reflectance spectra of different objects in just one pushbroom measurement successfully. With algorithms of principal component analysis clustering and unsupervised K-means spectral classification, this active HSI system with high spectral and spatial resolutions was demonstrated to be efficient and applicable for specific spectrum detections.     

Spectral- and frequency-encoded fluorescence imaging

A method for obtaining fluorescence images with a high number of resolvable points by using spectral and frequency encoding is presented. Broadband excitation light is encoded with a wavelength-dependent frequency modulation and dispersed onto the sample with a grating to simultaneously illuminate an entire image line. The Fourier transform of the frequency-encoded fluorescence emission provides one line of the image. Mechanical scanning along a direction orthogonal to the wavelength-encoded axis allows creation of the two-dimensional fluorescent image. This method is applicable for developing submillimeter diameter endoscopes. The principles of the technique are validated by imaging indocyanine green fluorescence in microfluidic channels.