两种相似塑料材料的显微近、中红外成像方法研究

显微近、中红外成像不仅可以获得样品的光谱信息,而且可以获得样品的空间分布信息,这是传统的近、中红外光谱分析所无法比拟的。该文以外观非常相似的聚乙烯膜(材料Ⅰ)和封口膜(材料Ⅱ)为研究对象,分别采集了样品的显微近、中红外图像。针对两种材料进行化学成像和相关光谱成像,比较并讨论了每种材料的两种成像方法。结果表明,材料Ⅱ的显微近、中红外化学成像中,两种材料化学成像值相差分别为0.004 8和0.254 8;材料Ⅰ的显微近、中红外化学成像中,两种材料化学成像值相差分别为0.002 6和0.326 5;近、中红外谱区的显微成像皆可得到两种材料清晰的成像,从而可区分两种材料。对两种材料相关光谱成像的研究表明,分别以两种材料的近、中红外光谱作为参比光谱的相关光谱成像可以明显地区分两种材料,成像结果较清晰;显微中红外相关光谱成像中,两种材料的光谱和参比光谱的相关系数差异大于0.12,成像结果更清晰;而显微近红外相关光谱成像图可利用图像中两种材料光谱和参比光谱相关系数的细微差异区分两种材料。该研究为农产品包装材料安全性的快速判别提供一定的参考,并为显微近、中红外成像分辨不同材料提供一定的成像方法参考。     

相变蓄冷材料制备及热性能研究

制备了一种空调用相变蓄冷材料,该蓄冷材料由两种相变材料(辛酸和软脂酸)组成,通过加热搅拌的方法将其制备成均匀的共晶相变蓄冷材料,实验分析了所研制的蓄冷材料的相变点、相变潜热等性能。测试结果表明该相变蓄冷材料具有适宜的相变温度和较高的相变潜热,可用作空调蓄冷材料。     

简讯

最近美帝通用电气公司研制出一种用单电子枪和两种萤光材料显示各种颜色的新型彩色管。其设计上的独特之处是,由两种发光材料构成的单一发光层上显示出各种颜色。因而其分辨率超过以前的影孔板型彩色管。 以往,单枪和两种发光材料制成的彩色管,都采用红、绿发光材料的分层结构。但这里     

超导迭层结的制作及研究

本文报道了几种材料迭层结的制作工艺。通过研究薄膜的厚度和显微结构对隧道结特性的影响,给出了几种软材料薄膜的合适的厚度范围,并对这几种材料适用的氧化方法进行了研究和讨论。     

毫微晶材料的结构和性能

本文综述了八十年代发展起来的毫微晶材料的结构和性能．毫微晶材料中，界面剖分占原子总数的９０％左右．实验结果表明，界面部分原子的徘列既不象晶态材料那样长程有序，也不象非晶态材料那样短程有序，可以看成是一种类似于气体的结构．这种材料在力学、磁学、热学等方面的性能相对于相同成分的多晶材料、非晶态材料有了很大的改进，是一种具有广阔发展前景的新型材料．     

动态光调控多态太赫兹超材料吸收器

基于光敏半导体材料电导率可被外部泵浦光调控的特性,通过在嵌套的类方环单元结构中嵌入半导体材料砷化镓,设计了一种动态光控单频/双频可切换的超材料吸收器。在此基础上,根据不同波长的泵浦光对不同半导体材料的激发特性,引入第二种半导体材料锗,将第一种结构进行拓展,提出了一种光可控的多频段超材料吸收器,利用不同波长的泵浦光调控半导体材料的电导率,实现了单频/双频/三频吸收状态任意切换的吸收特性。仿真结果表明,所设计的吸收器具有偏振不敏感和宽角度入射的特性,有望在调制器、频率选择器、探测器等领域得到应用。     

新型双染料敏化的宽带光聚物全息特性研究

报道了一种新型、两种染料共同敏化的宽带响应光聚物材料.该材料使用孟加拉玫瑰红和亚甲基蓝作为联合光敏剂，由于混合染料的加入，使材料的感光光谱范围大大加宽.用四种波长的光对样品进行曝光，衍射效率均大于40%，最高可达80%，适合于多波长存储，分别用不同波长的激光在样品同一位置存储了四幅不同的图像，其再现图像效果良好，表明该材料是一种较理想的多波长全息存储材料.     

基于迭代反演的非磁性材料复介电常数测量及初值选取方法

复介电常数是反映材料宏观电磁性质的重要参数,电磁领域相关材料和器件的选取、设计及应用都必须基于材料在工作频段的电磁参数.数值迭代法是反演计算材料复介电常数的重要方法,但一直存在难以准确给出迭代初始值的问题.本文基于吸波材料介电常数与反射率的关系,提出了一种迭代法反演吸波材料介电常数的初值选取方法,以此为基础构建了一种利用反射参数反演计算单层吸波材料、多层材料中唯一未知层材料复介电常数的方法,并通过实例测试验证了方法的有效性.     

直流场中超导体-铁磁体的低频磁屏蔽特性（英文）

超导体-铁磁体超材料在静磁场中具有有效的磁屏蔽特性.大部分超材料都是由超导材料和铁磁材料组成,而这种材料的性能主要取决于构成材料的结构,几何尺寸及每种材料的磁导率.本论文将麦克斯韦方程和超材料的设计结合起来,提出一种超导体-铁磁体超材料系统.该系统由两种材料的同轴圆柱体构成,我们研究该系统在直流磁场环境下的屏蔽特性.通过改变屏蔽圆柱体的几何尺寸,我们计算出屏蔽效能从而得到最优屏蔽结构.本论文的工作旨在为核磁共振成像及降低医学器械中的磁场特性提供有效的理论依据.     

一种基于超材料的吸波材料的设计与制备

设计了一种基于超材料的吸波材料,吸波材料由周期性排列的电阻片,基体以及金属背底构成. 采用时域有限差分法(FDTD)计算了吸波材料的反射率,并用遗传算法优化了吸波材料的吸波带宽,得到一种反射率在8-18 GHz小于-10 dB的吸波材料,材料厚度仅为3 mm. 采用手糊工艺制备了空心石英纤维增强环氧树脂基体,丝网印刷制备了电阻片,实现了所设计的吸波材料,测试表明,实验结果和设计结果一致. 关键词： 雷达吸波材料 超材料 频率选择表面 遗传算法     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

A subspace fitting algorithm of acoustic vector sensor array and corresponding matrix pre-filter design

In order to ease the pass-band response distortion of the matrix pre-filter,a simple approach for designing matrix spatial filter is proposed,which minimizes the sum of the k maximal distortion norm（k is the number of the constraint points）within the pass-band,while constraining the filter response within the stop-band.Considering the costly amount of calculation of the high-resolution methods,an algorithm with small amount of calculation based on matrix pre-filtering and subspace fitting using acoustic vector array（MF-VSSF）is proposed.Through joint processing of signal subspace of both pressure and particle velocity,the pre-filtering matrix and the signal subspace is decreased to M-dimensional（M is the number of array-element）,hence reduces the time-consumption of the matrix pre-filter design and DOA searching.Simulation results show that,the method offers the same performance as MUSIC with pre-filtering,but has much lesser amount of calculation.Moreover,the designed prefilter can efficiently suppress the interference in the stop-band and improve the estimation and resolution performance of successive DOA estimators.     

The effect of nature of polyions and treatment after deposition on wetting characteristics of polyelectrolyte multilayers

The sequential adsorption of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes (PE) occurs to be a powerful tool for obtaining various materials of precisely defined properties. The interfacial features of PE multilayer films are governed by the choice of polycation/polyanion pairs and the conditions of film formation. Additionally, the long time exposure to the conditions different than that encountered during formation usually affects polyelectrolyte multilayer structure.The wettability of heterogeneous surfaces produced by ‘layer-by-layer’ (LbL) adsorption of polyelectrolytes was investigated in this work. We focused on the influence of film treatment after deposition on wetting properties of obtained multilayers. The effect of the nature of the first layer was also studied. Apart from simple arrangements: (polyallylamine hydrochloride)/(polysodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PAH/PSS) and (poly-l-lysine hydrobromide)/(poly-l-glutamic acid sodium salt) (PLL/PGA) more complicated structures were considered having as a first layer two types of polyethylene imines (PEI) of different molecular weight.Wetting properties of such polyelectrolyte films were determined experimentally by contact angle measurements using technique of direct image analysis of the shape of sessile drop.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Ultranarrow bandwidth tunable atomic filter via quantum interference-induced polarization rotation in Rb vapor

We report the experimental demonstration of an ultranarrow bandwidth atomic filter by optically induced polarization rotation in multilevel electromagnetically induced transparency systems in hot Rb vapor. With a coupling intensity of 2.3 W/cm^2, the filter shows a peak transmission of 33.2% and a bandwidth of 10 MHz. By altering the coupling frequency, a broad tuning range of several Doppler linewidths of the D1 line transitions of STRb atoms can be obtained. The presented atomic filter has useful features of ultranarrow bandwidth, and the operating frequency can be tuned resonance with the atomic transition. Such narrowband tunable atomic filter can be used as an efficient noise rejection tool in classical and quantum optical applications.     

Electron density measurement of laser-induced epoxy fiber reinforced polymer plasma北大核心CSCD

Interferograms of laser-induced epoxy fiber reinforced polymer plasmas are obtained through aMach-Zehnder interferometry system. An improved digital double-exposure Fourier method is applied to extractinitial wrapped phases from interferograms, and then an improved phase unwrapping algorithm based on a maskand a branch-cut method is proposed to solve the problem of phase unwrapping. After the inverse Abel transfor-mation of the unwrapped phase, spatial distributions of the electron density of laser-induced epoxy fiber rein-forced polymer plasma at various delays are acquired. Results show that the measured electron density of theplasma is mainly distributed on the order of 10^18 cm^3. The experiment also indicates that the total amount oflaser plasma electrons changes slightly within the recorded time and the change of the electron density is approx-imately inversely proportional to the change of the plasma volume.     

Matrix-Based Analytical Model of Critical Coupling Length of Titanium In-Diffused Integrated-Optic Directional Coupler on Lithium Niobate Substrate

The critical coupling length Lc is the most important design parameter of an integrated-optic directional coupler, which is the basic building block of a variety of optical integrated circuits. The existing methods of estimating Lc of a Ti in-diffused waveguide directional coupler on LiNbO3 substrate are based on the beam propaga tion method (BPM), which requires huge computing time. A considerably simpler and computationally faster analytical method involving only multiplication of 2 x 2 matrices with no iterations is described in this article. A staircase type step-index profile is generated from the one-dimensional effective index profile in the lateral direction by partitioning the latter into a large number of thin sections of different refractive indices. The overall transfer matrix of the step-index layered structure so obtained may be computed by the progressive multiplication of individual transfer matrices (2 x 2) relating the field components in adjacent layers. Hence the wave amplitude in any layer may be computed as a function of the input wave amplitude for different angles of incidence. This method has been successfully employed to compute the propagation constants for symmetric and asymmetric guided modes in the coupled region of the directional coupler and hence compute the coupling length. The values of Lc computed for a variety of devices agree closely with the published experimental results reported by several research groups. The computer program implementing the model runs reasonably fast in an ordinary PC and is versatile enough to consider arbitrary waveguide dimensions. Ti film thickness, and diffusion parameters for any wavelength of input light and for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations.     

Detecting dark energy in long baseline neutrino oscillations

In this paper, we discuss a possibility of studying properties of dark energy in long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. We consider two types of models of neutrino dark energy. For one type of models the scalar field is taken to be quintessence-like and for the other phantom-like. In these models the scalar fields couple to the neutrinos to give rise to spatially varying neutrino masses. We will show that the two types of models predict different behaviors of the spatial variation of the neutrino masses inside the Earth and consequently result in different signals in long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments.     

Influence of dielectric microcavity on the spontaneous emission rate of atom: a perspective on the closed-orbit theory of photons

The formulas of the quantum electrodynamics have been applied to calculate the spontaneous emission rate of excited atom in dielectric microcavity.The results exhibit damping oscillating Patterns which depend sensitively on the scaling parameter and geometrical structure.Compared with the case that the emitting atom is immersed in dielectric,the spontaneous emission rate is depressed obviously and the center or the mean value of the oscillations is intimately related to the real refractive index of the local position where the atom is.In order to explain this phenomenon,we utilize the closed-orbit theory to deal with the classical trajectories of the emitted photon.and extract the corresponding frequencies of the oscillations by Fourier transform.It is found that the oscillations can be represented in terms of the closed-orbits of the photon motion constrained in dielectric microcavity,thus providing another perspective on the spontaneous emission of atom sandwiched by dielectric slabs.     

ICP-AES测定镁合金中的Zn、Mn、Zr、Ce

采用ICP－AES测定了镁合金中的Zn、Mn、Zr、Ce，进行了酸度试验，氢氟酸用量试验，分析线的选择，并研究了基体元素对待测元素的干扰。测定值与标钢值吻合较好，RSD＜5％。方法简便可靠，可获得令人满意的分析结果。