威布尔分布对整体旋转式斯特林制冷机的可靠性计算

介绍了威布尔分布的计算过程,对Thales整体旋转式斯特林制冷机的可靠性试验数据进行了分析,比较了威布尔分布可靠性计算的数值解析法与图估法的计算结果,总结了Thales整体旋转式斯特林制冷机的可靠性计算过程和加速因子的确定,为国内同类产品可靠性试验方案和寿命计算方法提供借鉴.     

一种基于伪失效寿命的LED可靠性快速评价方法

提出一种快速评价LED可靠性的有效方法。通过测试LED样品的伪失效寿命,结合Minitab软件进行数据分析,确定全部样品的伪失效寿命服从二参数的威布尔分布。通过计算威布尔分布尺度参数,比较不同样品的尺度参数来评价产品的可靠性。该方法对LED的可靠性评价和寿命预测有一定的参考价值。     

基于Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验的LED可靠性评估

提出一种对光参量呈非单调下降规律的LED灯珠可靠性进行评价的方法.采用加速寿命实验获得光通量退化数据,利用指数叠加形式的退化模型对光通维持率退化数据进行拟合,与指数模型拟合效果相比,该模型具有更好的效果.用MATLAB软件计算样品的伪失效寿命,通过KolmogorovSmirnov检验法得到两个公司样本伪失效寿命分布分别服从对数正态分布和威布尔分布,以相应分布参量评估产品可靠性得到两个公司样本的伪失效寿命分别为5 328.37h和4 758.35h.该方法对参量呈非单调下降规律的LED器件可靠性的评估具有参考价值.     

恒定温度应力加速实验失效机理一致性快速判别方法

针对加速实验中因失效机理发生改变而导致的无效实验问题, 对失效机理一致性和分别在不同应力下器件的初期退化参数分布的关系进行了研究. 研究证明了判断加速实验失效机理一致的条件: 1) 不同应力下失效分布的形状参数服从一致, 即m_i=m, i=1,2,3,···, 2) 尺度参数 η_i服从η_i= AF_i·η. 从而提供一种在实验初期即可根据参数退化分布快速判别不同应力下失效机理是否一致的方法, 避免了因失效机理发生改变而造成的无效加速实验. 最后对加速实验初期理论退化数据和多芯片组件厚膜电阻初期退化数据进行了威布尔分布参数估计, 并对其在不同应力下的失效机理一致性进行了判别. 关键词： 失效机理一致性 恒定温度应力加速实验 威布尔分布     

威布尔分布在斯特林制冷机可靠性研究中的应用

介绍威布尔分布的统计分析方法,并探讨如何运用威布尔概率估计斯特林制冷机的可靠性特征值,包括试验数据的处理、曲线的绘制,以及如何对可靠性试验特征值进行估计和监测。     

小子样机械产品可靠性试验

对长寿命(相对于工作时间)、高可靠性和小子样机械产品，提出了采用加速随机振动试验将产品置于较为严酷条件下来进行可靠性试验。阐述了加速试验应遵循的基本原则，即：(1)无论是对元件、部件、系统或产品，过载系数一般是针对其危险部位的应力响应而言；(2)加速试验的程度通过过载系数大小控制；(3)进行过载试验前必须进行低量级或正常工作条件下的预试验，获得产品的传递特性；(4)产品不改变失效机理的条件—对寿命服从两参威布尔分布，其形状参数保持不变；对寿命服从对数正态分布，其对数标准差保持不变；(5)认为产品是经受循环应力导致损伤积累而破坏，不考虑加载顺序的影响；(6)最大过载系数上限应保证在过载试验下产品危险部位的局部应力不超过材料屈服极限的80％；(7)对额定试验下产品危险部位的应力较大或设计裕度较小的产品，不适合采用较大的过载系数。在确信所进行的加速试验不改变产品的失效机理和产品在预定的振动试验时间内未失效时，可以不遵循基本原则(3)项。根据产品的传递特性、局部危险部位的应力应变响应、工程设计经验以及材料循环本构关系，提出了控制产品承受最大应力的措施，以保证在加速试验下产品的失效机理不发生变化。     

基于三参数威布尔分布的自动调整臂服役可靠性研究

作为汽车制动系统关键部件的自动调整臂,其服役可靠性关系到汽车行驶的安全;通过疲劳试验分析自动调整臂零部件失效的可能性,试验结果表明:矩形压簧及螺旋压缩弹簧是影响自动调整臂失效的关键部分;利用MATLAB分析试验数据,可知自动调整臂疲劳寿命服从三参数的威布尔分布,文中结合竞争性故障模型对自动调整臂的服役可靠性进行分析,基于该模型采用最小二乘法及最大相关系数法对试验中的寿命数据进行参数估计;实例分析表明,该法的原理简单,方便实用,结合竞争性故障模型的威布尔分布能准确真实地反映自动调整臂疲劳试验数据的统计特性,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

光电产品的新型寿命预测模型及其应用

大多数现有的寿命预测模型在处理光电产品实验数据时存在耗时长、精度低等问题。为了短时间内准确地预测光电产品的寿命,利用两参数威布尔函数拟合多组应力下的亮度衰减数据获得加速寿命,通过拟合优度检验参数确定Power函数来外推常规寿命,从而构建了一种新型的光电产品寿命预测模型:加速寿命外推模型(ALEM)。将该模型应用于真空荧光显示屏(VFD)寿命的快速预测,开展了4组恒定应力加速退化实验,实现了模型精度的评价。结果表明,设计的VFD加速退化实验方案正确可行,采集的实验数据客观地反映了VFD亮度衰减特性;ALEM准确地描述了加速应力下亮度的变化轨迹,很好地揭示了应力随寿命变化的规律,无需开展常规寿命实验便可精确地外推出产品的寿命,为现代光电产品的寿命评估开辟了一种新的方法和途径。     

大功率发光二极管可靠性和寿命评价试验方法

介绍了发光二极管（LED）的发展简史。提出可能影响LED可靠性的几种因素,主要有封装中的散热问题和LED本身材料缺陷。对于LED可靠性,主要方法是通过测试其寿命来分析其可靠性,一般采取加速实验的方法来测试推导LED寿命。介绍了根据加速应力(主要分为单一加速应力和复合加速应力2种)评价LED寿命的测试方法。在不同加速试验应力条件下测试了大功率LED可靠性,并建立了LED寿命的几种数学模型。最后根据具体实例,通过选择加速应力和试验方法,给出具体推导LED寿命的数学公式。     

蓝光磁光盘的优化设计与分析

以TbFeCo作为蓝光磁光盘的记录介质，需要对传统磁光盘热、光学结构进行改进以提高载噪比。利用光学特征导纳矩阵法对改进结构的磁光盘膜层进行了优化设计，得到了较好的匹配结果；并通过热学计算得到了记录膜体温度分布，从理论上证明了新结构的优越性。     

脉冲功率应用中的金属化膜电容器寿命预测

分析了金属化膜电容器的寿命特性,根据电容器寿命Weibull分布、可靠性分析和影响因素等建立了从元件到整机的电容器寿命预测模型。通过电容器元件和整机的寿命试验,验证了该预测模型的适用性。研究结果表明:储能密度0.5kJ/L下寿命达到6万次以上;储能密度0.95kJ/L下寿命达到2万次以上;通过新技术措施改进,2.0kJ/L下寿命达到1000次以上。     

Direct overwrite materials for magneto-optic recording

The approach and the progress on the exchange-coupled multilayer direct overwrite technologies in magneto-optic (MO) recording are reviewed. To realize these direct overwrite scheme, MO materials that satisfy the necessary conditions of coercivities, Curie temperature and exchange coupling between layers are required. Excellent direct overwriting performance has been demonstrated at the disk level. There has been no major problem in the exchange-coupled multilayer technologies in order to obtain higher recording density from the viewpoint of recording characteristics.     

Magneto-optical Kerr effect of amorphous TbFeCoTa film with a quadrilayer structure

The magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) of a multilayered system has been described by using the characteristic matrix method of film optics. By using this method, the MOKE and read-out performance of an amorphous TbFeCoTa film with the quadrilayer structure of SiC/TbFeCoTa/SiC/metallic reflector/glass substrate, has been investigated in detail. Different from the MO/metallic bilayer structure, whose Kerr rotation can be strongly enhanced by the metallic reflector with low values of the optical constants n and , the Kerr rotation and the read-out figure of merit of the quadrilayer structure are strongly enhanced at wavelengths where the reflector layer has a high reflectivity, due to multiple reflection and optical interference. Among the Al, Ag, Cu, Cr and Au reflectors, Al and Ag reflectors result in the largest two increments in the Kerr rotation and the read-out figure of merit at short wavelengths, indicating that Al and Ag are the best reflector materials for the TbFeCoTa MO disk for short wavelength recording. The thickness dependencies of each layer on the MOKE, reflectivity and the figure of merit of the quadrilayer structure have been investigated. By employing this method, the optimum structure for the TbFeCoTa MO disk can be determined. PACS 78.20.Ls; 75.50.Ss; 75.50.Kj; 75.30.Gw; 42.79.Vb     

Approximation of the erosion zone profile in planar magnetrons with a disk cathode

We have proposed a universal approximation of the normalized erosion zone profile of planar magnetrons with a disk cathode by a composite function that includes the probability density function for the minimal distribution of extremal values for the region from the center of the disk cathode to the maximum of the erosion zone and the survival Weibull distribution function (from the maximum to the outer boundary of the sputtering zone). The accuracy of the approximation has been verified for six magnetrons differing in the cathode size or in the design of the magnetic systems. In all cases, good agreement has been observed between the approximation and experimentally measured values. The results reported here can be used to analyze processes that occur on the cathode during sputtering and to refine the calculations of coating profiles.     

制导光缆中光纤寿命预期

介绍了光纤寿命预期的疲劳实验方法和筛选实验方法。采用这两种方法，利用电子万能材料试验机和光纤筛选复绕机对室温下光纤进行了疲劳性能实验。实验得出，在张力小于850g的情况下，制导光纤的寿命可以达到10年以上；光纤的韦伯参数md和疲劳参数nd的大小影响光纤寿命。实验表明，当光纤的使用状态受力较大时，或使用贮存状态相差较大时，宜选用动态方法进行寿命预期；当贮存和使用状态受力变化不大时，宜选用筛选复绕方法预期光纤寿命。制导光纤寿命模型宜选用动态疲劳模型，通信光纤可选用筛选实验模型。实验还表明，提高光纤的抗疲劳因子nd和减小光缆中光纤的应变，可以更好地保持光缆中光纤的使用寿命和可靠性。     

Influence of Si/SiO2 interface properties on electrical performance and breakdown characteristics of ultrathin stacked oxide/nitride dielectric films

In this work, the influence of Si/SiO₂ interface properties, interface nitridation and remote-plasma-assisted oxidation (RPAO) thickness (<1 nm), on electrical performance and TDDB characteristics of sub-2 nm stacked oxide/nitride gate dielectrics has been investigated using a constant voltage stress (CVS). It is demonstrated that interfacial plasma nitridation improves the breakdown and electrical characteristics. In the case of PMOSFETs stressed in accumulation, interface nitridation suppresses the hole traps at the Si/SiO₂ interface evidenced by less negative V_t shifts. Interface nitridation also retards hole tunneling between the gate and drain, resulting in reduced off-state drain leakage. In addition, the RPAO thickness of stacked gate dielectrics shows a profound effect in device performance and TDDB reliability. Also, it is demonstrated that TDDB characteristics are improved for both PMOS and NMOS devices with the 0.6 nm-RPAO layer using Weibull analysis. The maximum operating voltage is projected to be improved by 0.3 V difference for a 10-year lifetime. However, physical breakdown mechanism and effective defect radius during stress appear to be independent of RPAO thickness from the observation of the Weibull slopes. A correlation between trap generation and dielectric thickness changes based on the C-V distortion and oxide thinning model is presented to clarify the trapping behavior in the RPAO and bulk nitride layer during CVS stress.     

Fabrication of high-mechanical-resistance Bragg gratings in single-mode optical fibers with continuous-wave ultraviolet laser side exposure

The mechanical resistance of single-mode fibers containing fiber Bragg gratings inscribed with cw UV laser irradiation is almost identical to that of pristine fiber. The median breaking strength of the gratings' Weibull distribution is more than 5 GPa, and the m value is of the order of 70. Based on a dynamic fatigue model, a Bragg grating lifetime of 50 years with a failure probability of 0.001 is predicted, assuming a constant applied stress of 0.96 GPa.     

化学钢化光学窗口玻璃强度分析与检测

以脆性材料的断裂力学为基础,根据化学钢化光学窗口玻璃表面应力分布状态,分析了化学钢化对光学窗口玻璃强度的影响。将Weibull模型与玻璃微裂纹生长理论相结合,分析并提出了化学钢化光学窗口玻璃的强度检验和寿命预测方法,为化学钢化光学窗口玻璃的强度设计和检验提供指导。     

Spot Shape on Super-Resolution Optical Disks with a Photon-Mode Mask Layer

The spot shape on super-resolution optical disks with a photon-mode mask layer was theoretically analyzed. The spot shape was found to depend on the lifetime of the bleached state of the dyes, the light power, and the disk rotation speed. When the lifetime is short, the super-resolution spot shape is not produced at high disk speeds. On the other hand, a dye mask layer with long lifetime, such as a photochromic mask, can produce a sharp spot shape in the higher disk speed region, and therefore is suitable for obtaining a super-resolution disk with a high data transfer rate.     

光纤水听器声灵敏度的理论分析

本文就一种双弯曲板结构的光纤水听器单元，利用弹性力学方法对其传感板上的应力与应变分布进行详细的分析，建立两种边界条件下的声灵敏度计算数学模型。讨论这种光纤水听器的结构参数及光纤圈几何尺寸与灵敏度的关系。还指出传感板材料对灵敏度的影响。