CexZr1-xO2固溶体储氧性能与结构的关系

采用加热回流技术制备了系列CexZr1-xO2(0.25≤x≤1)固溶体,通过N2物理吸附、XRD、Raman光谱、UV-Vis漫反射光谱表征了不同铈锆组成的铈锆复合氧化物结构对储氧性能的影响.结果表明,在铈锆组成比不同的样品之间,结构性质相差较大,随着载体中ZrO2 mol%的增加,载体结构从相对的有序经无序再回到相对的有序.Ce0.4Zr0.6O2样品具有最高的储氧性能,而Ce0.25Zr0.75O2样品具有较高的热稳定性.     

沉淀方法及铈掺杂对铜锰氧化物催化剂催化氧化CO性能的影响

研究了铈掺杂及沉淀方法对铜锰氧化物催化剂的结构特性及室温催化氧化CO性能的影响. 使用X射线衍射、N₂吸附脱附、等离子体发射光谱、程序升温还原、紫外可见漫反射以及X射线光电子能谱等手段对各催化剂进行了表征. 发现掺杂少量的铈于铜锰氧化物催化剂中,CeO₂相高度分散并能阻止催化剂的烧结和团聚,所制得的催化剂的颗粒较小,氧化还原性能提高,比表面增大,并形成了较多的活性位点,使其对CO的催化氧化性能明显提高.     

球磨处理的TiO2光谱特征及其光催化性能研究

为改变TiO₂的颗粒尺寸和提高其光催化性能,采用高能球磨法处理TiO₂粉末,研究球磨时间对样品微观形貌、晶体结构、拉曼光谱、荧光光谱和光催化性能的影响;分析荧光光谱和光催化性能之间的关系,确定光催化机理为快速判断其光催化性能提供依据。结果表明：随着球磨时间的增加样品颗粒由规则形状变成无规则形状且表面变得粗糙。所有样品均主要为锐钛矿结构,有少量的金红石结构,随着球磨时间的增加金红石结构的（110）衍射峰逐渐增强说明在球磨过程中少量的TiO₂发生了相转变,晶粒尺寸先减小后增加。所有样品均出现锐钛矿型TiO₂拉曼散射峰,而未发现金红石晶型的拉曼散射峰。各个拉曼峰的半高宽随着球磨时间的增加都有所增加,这表明样品的表面质量下降,表面缺陷和氧空位逐渐增加导致。所有样品在470 nm附近均出现荧光峰,且球磨后的样品该荧光峰得到增强,经过球磨后的TiO₂样品在397,452,483,500和536 nm等处出现荧光峰,且球磨4 h后的TiO₂荧光峰强度最强,表明其表面缺陷和氧空位含量最多,与拉曼光谱分析结果是一致的。随着辐照时间的增加到100 min所有样品的降解率均有所提升且100 min后所有样品对甲基橙的降解率超过60%。经过球磨后的TiO₂样品的降解率都比未球磨的样品高,且球磨4 h的样品的降解率最高,表明其光催化性能最好。在光催化反应过程中,氧空位和缺陷成为俘获光生电子的中心,以致于光生电子与空穴的复合被有效地禁止。氧空位促使样品对氧气的吸收,氧气与氧空位俘获的光生电子发生相互作用而形成氧自由基,对有机物的氧化起到关键作用,因此表面缺陷和氧空位越多,即激子光致发光峰越强,其光催化性能越好。采用球磨法可提高TiO₂粉末的光催化性能,并通过激子光致发光峰的强弱可快速定性地判断光催化性能的表现。     

Eu~(3+)掺杂的镧铈复合氧化物荧光粉的溶胶-凝胶化学合成

以硝酸铈、氧化镧和氧化铕为原料,柠檬酸为络合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶化学法合成了稀土Eu~(3+)掺杂的镧铈复合氧化物(镧铈的量比分别为1∶1和1∶2)荧光粉。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、拉曼光谱和光致发光等手段研究了不同组成下样品的结构、发光及显色性能。结果表明,所得复合氧化物样品与CeO_2相似,均为立方萤石结构,空间群为Fm3m,但复合氧化物的晶胞参数a大于CeO_2。粉体形貌近似球形,颗粒均匀,粒径范围在50～60 nm之间。在466 nm蓝光激发下,位于613 nm和628 nm处Eu~(3+)的~5D_0→~7F_2特征红色跃迁为主发射峰。固定Eu~(3+)掺杂摩尔分数为15%,镧铈复合氧化物的荧光强度明显优于氧化铈基质,而当基质中镧铈的量比为1∶1时,样品的荧光进一步优化达到最强。由于466 nm对应的蓝光区与半导体GaN芯片的发光重合,这有利于Eu~(3+)掺杂的镧铈复合氧化物在固态照明中的应用。     

Ce-MCM-48立方介孔分子筛结构的光谱表征

在碱性条件下,以混合模板剂pH调节水热合成了掺入铈的介孔分子筛Ce-MCM-48,并采用XRD,DRUV-Vis(紫外-可见漫反射),FTIR,XRF结合BET等测试手段对样品进行表征.实验结果表明,采用本方法所合成的掺铈介孔材料仍保持立方介孔的有序结构,同时适量的铈的掺入和pH调节使分子筛的有序性及吸附性能得到改善,晶胞参数增大,孔径更均一,孔壁增厚.从而可推出Ce-MCM-48的热稳定性、水热稳定性、催化活性及择形选择性可得到提高.掺入的铈以四配位状态高度分散在介孔的有序结构当中.红外光谱表明不同量的铈的掺入对骨架硅的各种振动扰动程度不同.     

钴铈复合氧化物在催化氧化中吸附氧的EPR研究

以溶胶-凝胶法制备了钴、铈及其复合氧化物,考察了其对对甲酚催化氧化的性能,复合氧化物表现出优良的活性和选择性.用EPR方法对3个催化剂样品表面吸附氧及其在可控气氛下与对甲酚的作用进行了研究,实验表明,O₂^-可能为活性氧物种,其吸附量及配位环境可与催化活性和选择性相关联。     

SO2-4/CeO2-TiO2光催化材料的制备与光谱表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法结合硫酸浸渍法制备了SO2-4/CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-FTIR)、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)、X射线光电子能谱价带谱(VB-XPS)及荧光光谱(PL)技术对样品的结构、性质进行了表征,以光催化分解水制氢为模型反应,评价了样品的光催化性能.XRD,FTIR结合PL结果表明CeO2与TiO2的复合形成了异质结构,有利于提高光生电子与光生空穴的分离效率,对催化剂活性的提高有促进作用;Py-FTIR谱图证明SO2-4/CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物在表面具有Lewis酸性,Lewis酸性位的产生是由于SO2-4在样品表面的配位吸附所致,S O— 的诱导效应增强了表面金属得电子能力,从而进一步提升光生载流子的分离效率;UV-Vis及XPS价带谱分析说明,半导体氧化物复合能够缩减带隙,拓宽光响应范围,Lewis酸性影响复合氧化物的能带结构,使其导带底位置向负向移动,利于光催化还原能力的提高,进而促进其光催化制氢活性.光催化分解水制氢实验结果表明,SO2-4/CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物具有优于纯氧化物CeO2,TiO2及未经硫酸浸渍的CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物的催化活性,5 h的产氢速率为1934.1μmol·g-1·h-1.光谱分析结果结合光催化制氢活性评价结果表明,SO2-4/CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物的异质结构与酸浸渍是影响样品光催化性能的主要因素.     

SO_4~(2-)/CeO_2-TiO_2光催化材料的制备与光谱表征（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法结合硫酸浸渍法制备了SO_4~(2-)/CeO_2-TiO_2复合氧化物。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-FTIR)、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)、X射线光电子能谱价带谱(VB-XPS)及荧光光谱(PL)技术对样品的结构、性质进行了表征,以光催化分解水制氢为模型反应,评价了样品的光催化性能。XRD,FTIR结合PL结果表明CeO_2与TiO_2的复合形成了异质结构,有利于提高光生电子与光生空穴的分离效率,对催化剂活性的提高有促进作用;Py-FTIR谱图证明SO_4~(2-)/CeO_2-TiO_2复合氧化物在表面具有Lewis酸性,Lewis酸性位的产生是由于S_4O~(2-)在样品表面的配位吸附所致,S=O的诱导效应增强了表面金属得电子能力,从而进一步提升光生载流子的分离效率;UV-Vis及XPS价带谱分析说明,半导体氧化物复合能够缩减带隙,拓宽光响应范围,Lewis酸性影响复合氧化物的能带结构,使其导带底位置向负向移动,利于光催化还原能力的提高,进而促进其光催化制氢活性。光催化分解水制氢实验结果表明,SO_4~(2-)/CeO_2-TiO_2复合氧化物具有优于纯氧化物CeO2,TiO2及未经硫酸浸渍的CeO_2-TiO_2复合氧化物的催化活性,5h的产氢速率为1 934.1μmol·g~(-1)·h~(-1)。光谱分析结果结合光催化制氢活性评价结果表明,SO_4~(2-)/CeO_2-TiO_2复合氧化物的异质结构与酸浸渍是影响样品光催化性能的主要因素。     

氧化铝/二氧化铈X射线衍射及拉曼光谱研究

钢中氧化铝夹杂物尺寸大小严重影响钢材性能,细化或去除钢中夹杂物备受重视。由于钢中合金元素添加量相对于钢液过少,并在分析过程中存在误差,使用放大夹杂物反应的思路,研究了在高温1 600 ℃时不同比例稀土二氧化铈粉末和氧化铝粉末的添加量对夹杂物的物相变化、尺寸大小的影响。对高温箱式炉设定程序进行升温、保温、随炉冷却,依据测试结果分析了铈铝氧化物的具体变化过程。使用能谱分析仪、X射线衍射仪、X射线荧光光谱分析、拉曼光谱仪针对性放大探究夹杂物具体变化。结果表明：随着氧化铝添加量的增加,粉末烧结过程中生成物的物相由+4价的稀土氧化物变成+3价的稀土氧化物,通过X射线衍射(XRD)图谱可知先生成CeAlO₃相,随着CeAlO₃相特征峰减弱至消失并被CeAl₁₁O₁₈相替代,XRD峰宽化,特征峰较弱,半高宽较大,晶粒尺寸较小,结晶度较低。并结合D-S,W-H,H-W三种平均晶粒尺寸数学模型计算R2分别为0.761 78,0.971 01,0.920 81,0.961 87;0.989 65,0.988 01,0.978 42,0.981 28,对比得出H-W方法得到的结果拟合度较好,且4#样品到1#样品晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,分别为7.63,6.27,5.99和3.97 μm,表明稀土铈元素增加可以促进形核并缩小晶粒尺寸。通过拉曼光谱仪分析得出,随着Al₂O₃的相分数增加,拉曼位移为464～465 cm-1处拉曼峰强逐渐减弱直到消失, 可判定该处相为二氧化铈相;拉曼位移为4 351～4 399 cm-1处拉曼峰强逐渐增加,结合XRD图谱可以判定该物质为CeAl₁₁O₁₈。得到的变化规律与XRD保持一致。通过放大钢中需要针对性研究的物质,分析了二氧化铈粉末添加后对氧化铝粉末改性的演变过程。研究结果可对钢中解决氧化铝夹杂物改性的问题提供参考。     

Ce-MCM-48介孔分子筛的合成、表征和催化性能

尝试以混合模板剂pH调节水热合成掺入铈的介孔分子筛CeMCM48,并采用X射线衍射、高分辨透射电镜、紫外可见漫反射、X射线荧光光谱、氮气吸附脱附测试手段对样品进行表征.结果表明,新合成的掺铈介孔材料仍保持立方介孔的有序结构,有序性及吸附性能得到改善.所合成的掺铈的立方介孔分子筛对环己烷的液相氧化反应的催化活性和选择性较高.CeMCM48催化环己烷氧化反应的转化率较MCM48催化的转化率提高了8.3%～14.2%,对主要产物的选择性提高了63.4%～68.8%.     

The effect of supports (Al2O3, Al2O3-CeO2 and Al2O3-CeZrO2) on the nature of gold-species in supported gold catalysts

This work is concerned with the study of Au specimens produced by gold deposition on nanosized mixed oxides (alumina, ceria, zirconia) prepared by the sol-gel method using organometallic precursors. According to X-ray absorption near edge structure, extended X-ray absorption fine structure, transmission electron microscopy data, and ultraviolet-visible and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, mixed Al-Ce-Zr oxides are quite effective for stabilization of different gold specimens. The samples pre- treated in hydrogen at 150°C are characterized by the presence of gold Au³⁺ cations located on the surface in slightly disordered octahedral oxygen coordination. Metallic gold nanoparticles with a size of about 2 nm and gold clusters were found in the samples treated in hydrogen at 300°C.     

Electrical conductivity and structure of CaO-stabilized zirconia doped with copper and iron

The investigation of the influence of copper and iron oxides on the electrical conductivity, the lattice defects and the structure of calcia-stabilized zirconia has shown that (i) the influence of copper is negligible due to the evaporation of this element at the sintering temperature as a consequence of its high volatility; (ii) the presence of iron in the sample prevents sintering of the calcia-stabilized zirconia; (iii) the addition of iron causes decomposition of the cubic solid solution Ca_xZr_1?xO_2?x into monoclinic ZrO₂, the vacant phase Ca_0.1Zr_0.9O_1.9, calcium ferrite and iron oxides; the solubility limit of iron oxide was found to be ≈1 mol%; (iv) the calcia-stabilized zirconia doped with iron is a mixed conductor at low temperatures; at high temperatures (>1073 K) it is a dominant ionic conductor.     

生物质气为燃料的燃料电池理论电动势计算

在以生物质气体为燃料的固体氧化物燃料电池体系中,通过热力学平衡分析编程计算出700-1200 K时气体中各物种例如H2、CO、CO2和CH4的平衡组成,从而得到以氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)为电解质的电池理论电动势．碳沉积对电动势有显著影响．通过计算可以推测比较适宜的操作温度和增湿条件．还计算了以掺杂氧化铈为电解质的电池电动势,相比氢气为燃料时,使用生物质气体导致的电动势的下降比使用YSZ为电解质的电池要小的多．     

Study of Fluorescence Quenching in Aluminum-Doped Ceria Nanoparticles: Potential Molecular Probe for Dissolved Oxygen

This work investigates a novel usage of aluminum-doped ceria nanoparticles (ADC-NPs), as the molecular probe in optical fluorescence quenching for sensing the dissolved oxygen (DO). Cerium oxide (ceria) nanoparticles can be considered one of the most unique nanomaterials that are being studied today due to the diffusion and reactivity of oxygen vacancies in ceria, which contributes to its high oxygen storage capability. Aluminum can be considered a promising dopant to increase the oxygen ionic conductivity in ceria nanoparticles which can improve the sensitivity of ceria nanoparticles to DO. The fluorescence intensity of ADC-NPs, synthesized via chemical precipitation, is found to have a strong inverse relationship with the DO concentration in aqueous solutions. Stern-Volmer constant of ADC-NPs at room temperature is determined to be 454.6 M^?1, which indicates that ADC-NPs have a promising sensitivity to dissolved oxygen, compared to many presently used fluorophores. In addition, Stern-Volmer constant is found to have a relatively small dependence on temperature between 25 °C to 50 °C, which shows excellent thermal stability of ADC-NPs sensitivity. Our work suggests that ADC-NPs, at 6 nm, are the smallest diameter DO molecular probes between the currently used optical DO sensors composed of different nanostructures. This investigation can improve the performance of fluorescence-quenching DO sensors for industrial and environmental applications.     

Fabrication and analysis of the structural phase transition of ZrO2 nanoparticles using modified facile sol–gel route

The synthesis of zirconia nanoparticles is achieved through a modified facile sol–gel route. The as-prepared gel is analyzed thermally using TGA and DTA techniques to spot the crystallization process of zirconia nanoparticles. The prepared gel is then annealed at different temperatures and the structure was found to change between tetragonal and monoclinic crystal systems. The first stable tetragonal phase is achieved after annealing for 2?h at 400°C. The annealed powders between 600°C and 800°C demonstrate mixed tetragonal/monoclinic phases. Annealing at 1000°C and higher temperatures up to 1200°C resulted in pure monoclinic phase. Cubic phase was not detected within the annealing temperature range in this study. The elemental analysis of the annealed powder confirmed the formation of zirconia nanoparticles with the chemical formula ZrO₂. The FTIR spectra of the annealed samples introduced a variation in the vibrational bands especially around the phase transition temperature. HR-TEM images reported the formation of nano-zirconia crystals with apparently large particle sizes. The optical energy gap of zirconia nanoparticles is investigated and determined.     

Sn interaction with the CeO2(1 1 1) system: Bimetallic bonding and ceria reduction

A tin layer 0.8 nm thick was deposited onto the CeO₂(1 1 1) surface by molecular beam deposition at a temperature of 520 K. The interaction of tin with cerium oxide (ceria) was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy (RPES). The strong tin-ceria interaction led to the formation of a homogeneous bulk Ce-Sn-O mixed oxide system. The bulk compound formation is accompanied by partial Ce⁴⁺ → Ce³⁺ reduction, observed as a giant 4f resonance enhancement of the Ce³⁺ species. CeO₂ and SnO₂ oxides were formed after oxygen treatment at 520 K. The study proved the existence of strong Ce-Sn interaction and charge transfer from Sn to the Ce-O complex that lead to a weakening of the cerium-oxygen bond, and consequently, to the formation of oxygen deficient active sites on the ceria surface. This behavior can be a key for understanding the higher catalytic activity of the SnO_x/CeO_x mixed oxide catalysts as compared with the individual pure oxides.     

Nano-ionic thin films of gadolinia-doped ceria prepared by pulsed laser ablation

Microstructural properties of nano-ionic thin films of gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) prepared by pulsed laser ablation from sintered targets of gadolinia (5–20 mol%) doped ceria are investigated. The ionic conductivity measurements of the sintered pellets showed a decrease in the activation energy from 1.1 to 0.65 eV for 5 and 30 mol% gadolinia-doped ceria, respectively. The microstructural properties of the GDC films as a function of substrate temperature, oxygen partial pressure, and laser energy show that the films are polycrystalline in the entire range of substrate temperature. The grain size is found to increase with increasing temperature up to 873 K. Further improved crystallinity is noticed for the films grown with oxygen partial pressure of 0.1–0.2 mbar. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal nanocrystalline grains with textured growth along <111> orientation in these films at low substrate temperature and at lower oxygen partial pressure. TEM study shows a uniform distribution of nanocrystal of 8–10 nm for energies ≤200 mJ/pulse, and nanocrystals embedded in a large crystalline matrix of doped ceria for energies in the range 400–600 mJ/pulse. Raman spectroscopy also confirms the defects in these films. The study also reveals that the substrate temperature and oxygen partial pressure could influence preferred orientation, while the laser energy could significantly influence defect concentration in these films. Invited paper presented at the Third International Conference on Ionic Devices (ICID 2006), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, Dec. 7–9, 2006.     

Oxygen vacancy pairs on CeO2(110): A DFT + U study

Oxygen vacancy pairs have been suggested to play a role in the reduction of NO molecules on ceria and for the oxidation processes of reducible rare-earth oxides. The formation energy of the oxygen vacancy pairs and the changes in the structural and electronic properties of the ceria (110) surface with oxygen vacancy pairs are investigated using density-functional theory (DFT + U) methodology within the generalized gradient approximation. It is found that the excess electrons localize on the Ce ions neighbouring the vacancies, and the most stable structure for the oxygen vacancy pairs on the ceria (110) surface is at next-nearest-neighbour site.