Narrowing oF the critical hydration window for cryopreservation of Salix caprea seeds following ageing and a reduction in vigour

We investigated the effects of desiccation, rehydration and cryopreservation on the viability of seeds of a wild mountain species and seven clones of Salix caprea L. Seeds responded differently to all treatments depending on clone, seed initial moisture content (MC) and seed vigour. Fresh seeds of two randomly selected clones tolerated desiccation to MC 8.5-9.6 % FW (0.09-0.11 g water per g dry mass. g/gdw) without any noticeable loss in viability and were successfully cryopreserved at MCs ranging from 8.5 to 23.4 % (0.09-0.30 g/gdw). Storage at 5 degree C for approximately 10 weeks significantly reduced the viability of seed lots of a wild species and of three S. caprea clones, whilst viability of seeds of four other clones remained unaffected. Since all clones tested were genetically derived from one tree, this variation is unlikely to be of maternal origin. Most probably paternal x environmental factors have influenced seed behavior during desiccation and storage. As viability decreased due to partial ageing, seeds became more susceptible to desiccation stress. When seeds of three clones were cryopreserved, the hydration window for survival was wider for highly vigorous seeds (c. 0.05-0.28 g/gdw) than for seeds with intermediate vigour (c. 0.10-0.24 g/gdw) and low vigour (c. 0.20-0.37 g/gdw). Rehydration to MC above 0.15 g/gdw improved germination of low vigour seeds, both in controls and after cryopreservation. In contrast, cryopreservation of high vigour seeds rehydrated to MCs above 0.11 g/gdw resulted in a sharp decrease in normal seedling production. Whilst no effect of cryogenic temperature on germination and normal seedling production was observed when seeds of seven clones were cryopreserved within their hydration windows, the results indicate the need to account for seed lot vigour when designing cryopreservation protocols.     

Developing seed cryobank strategies for Tabebuia heptaphylla (Bignoniaceae), a hardwood tree of the Brazilian South Atlantic Forest

The conservation of Tabebuia heptaphylla, an economically significant, endangered tree of the South Atlantic Forest is confined to arboreta. Although its seeds are orthodox, they do not withstand long-term storage in conventional seed banks, motivating the development of cryopreservation for this species. Seeds within the moisture content (MC) range of 7.5 percent (0.08 g water g dry mass) to 8.4 percent (0.09 g water g dry mass) germinated after storage in liquid nitrogen (LN). Storage duration (15 min to 26 weeks) and rewarming regime (slow and rapid) did not significantly influence germination, which ranged between 54-67 percent. As no additional cryoprotective treatments were required, the protocol is time-, cost- and technically-efficient. Because transport of seeds in LN is problematic for safety, logistic and technical reasons, the feasibility of implementing germplasm transfer using T. heptaphylla seeds recovered from cryobanks was also tested. Viability was not negatively affected in seeds that had been rewarmed, recovered and maintained at room temperature for 2 weeks, allowing safe germplasm transfer in the unfrozen state. The vigor of seedlings from cryopreserved seeds, which was evaluated 90 days after transfer to soil was not influenced by LN storage compared to the controls.     

Cryopreservation of Pistacia spp. seeds by dehydration and one-step freezing

Cryopreservation protocols by dehydration and one-step freezing were developed for seeds from three Pistacia species, i.e., P. vera, P. terebinthus and P. lentiscus, which were characterised by different initial germination percentages (100%, 17% and 81%, respectively). In P. vera, a maximum of 90% germination was obtained following 8 hours drying in silica gel (corresponding to 11.7% moisture content on a FW basis) and direct immersion in LN. In P. terebinthus and P. lentiscus, shorter periods of dehydration (1 hour and 15 min, respectively) were sufficient to reduce their moisture content to about 20%, which resulted in peak seed germination percentages from cryostorage of 16% and 47%, respectively. Following cryopreservation, the seeds germinated better on semi-solid MS medium, than on cotton wool wetted with dH(2)O or liquid MS medium. Finally, in P. vera and P. lentiscus, high and significant correlation coefficients were obtained between the TTC viability test and seed germinability after recovery from LN, provided that seeds which were considered positive in the test showed completely or partially red embryonic axes coupled to completely red cotyledons.     

Beneficial effect of post -thawing osmoconditioning on the recovery of cryopreserved coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seeds

Osmoconditioning-controlled rehydration of seeds in a solution with low osmotic potential -has been shown to reinvigorate aged seeds. The present work aimed at investigating the effect of osmoconditioning on the germination of cryopreserved seeds of Coffea arabica, whose viability and vigour are drastically affected by cryopreservation. For cryopreservation, seeds were desiccated to 0.21 g H2O/g dw, cooled at 1 degree C/min to -50 degree C, then immersed rapidly in liquid nitrogen. After rapid rewarming, seeds were osmoconditioned for 1 to 6 weeks using solutions with osmotic potentials between -1 and -4 MPa. The time to produce half of the final percentage of normal seedlings, T50, was about three fold lower with osmoconditioned seeds than with non-osmoconditioned seeds (12-14 d vs 36 d). Moreover, after a 6-week osmoconditioning treatment with solutions with osmotic potential of -1 and -1.25 MPa, the percentage of seedlings recovered from cryopreserved seeds was 64-74%, against 13-16% only for cryopreserved seeds which were not osmoconditioned.     

高光谱技术无损检测单粒小麦种子生活力的特征波段筛选方法研究

种子活力是种子质量的一项重要指标,高活力的种子具有较强的抗逆性、生长优势及生产潜力。而种子活力在种子生理成熟时最高,随后随着贮藏时间的延长而发生着自然不可逆的降低。因此,在播种前及时、准确地对种子活力进行检测和筛选具有重要的实践意义。针对传统种子活力检测方法存在的操作过程复杂繁琐、耗时长、重复性差且对种子有破坏性等缺点,研究尝试利用高光谱成像技术建立单粒小麦种子生活力快速、无损、精确的检测方法。以高温高湿老化后的190粒小麦种子（发芽128粒,不发芽62粒）作为研究样本,先利用可见-近红外(Vis-NIR)高光谱成像系统采集样本种子的光谱图像和进行标准发芽试验,并确保光谱采集试验和标准发芽试验的小麦种子一一对应。随后提取种子光谱图像的感兴趣区域并对其光谱数据进行平均和特征分析。分别采用一阶导数（FD）、均值中心化（MC）、正交信号校正(OSC)和多元散射校正（MSC）对原始光谱数据进行预处理,结合偏最小二乘辨别分析（PLS-DA）建立全波段PLS-DA模型,比较分析,并筛选出最适预处理方法。分别利用无信息变量消除算法（UVE）、竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)、连续投影算法(SPA)及耦合不同变量筛选方法对特征波段进行筛选提取,再分别基于所提取出的特征波段建立PLS-DA定性判别模型,对比分析,最终确立提取与单粒小麦种子生活力相关性最高的高光谱特征波段方法体系。结果表明：不同光谱预处理建立的模型其表现有所差异,在MC,FD,OSC和MSC中,采用MC对原始高光谱数据进行预处理,建立的全波段MC-PLS-DA判别模型,其校正集和预测集对小麦种子生活力的整体鉴别正确率分别为82.5%和83.0%,优于原始及其他预处理后建立的全波段PLS-DA判别模型,其校正集和预测集对小麦种子活种子鉴别正确率分别为94.8%和90.6%。进一步对比3种单特征波段提取方法及其耦合分析建模中,发现3种变量筛选方法耦合（UVE-CARS-SPA）的方式能够将光谱全波段的688个变量压缩至8个变量（473,492,811,829,875,880,947和969 nm）,利用所筛选出的8个变量建立的MC-UVE-CARS-SPA-PLS-DA模型获得了最优秀的鉴别效果,其校正集和预测集对小麦种子生活力的整体鉴别正确率分别为86.7%和85.1%,较全波段模型（MC-Full-PLS-DA）分别提升了4.2%和2.1%,活种子的鉴别正确率分别为93.8%和84.4%,经过此优秀模型筛选后,种子批最终发芽率可达到93.1%。实验结果表明,基于高光谱成像技术结合UVE-CARS-SPA-PLS-DA模型能够实现对单粒小麦种子生活力的定性判别。研究工作为小麦种子活力的快速、精确且无损的检测提供理论支持。     

Long-term conservation through cryopreservation of immature seed of Mantisia spathulata and Mantisia wengeri; two endangered plants of north-east India

A successful protocol for long-term conservation of two endangered plants viz. Mantisia spathulata and M. wengeri has been devised through cryopreservation of immature seeds. Immature seeds of both the species were precultured in 0.6 M Sucrose and 2 M Glycerol for 3 h at 24 ± 2 degree C. Precultured seeds were then desiccated under the airflow of 27 ± 3 m min -1 velocity inside laminar air flow cabinet for different time periods. The seeds were then cryostored in liquid nitrogen for an hour. A maximum of 40 percent and 36.6 percent seed germination was recorded after cryostorage at moisture contents of 26.0 percent and 16.2 percent for M. spathulata and M. wengeri respectively. To protect these rare plants against loss due to disease, insect damage, or natural disaster a back up collection has been established using the protocol and applied to a large number of immature seeds that were obtained from the ex situ plants growing in the experimental garden of the North-eastern Hill University, Shillong.     

Seed cryopreservation and longevity of two Salix hybrids

The effects of desiccation and storage temperature on the viability and longevity of willow seeds was investigated using two hybrids, Salix rehderiana x (Salix x capreola) [cross 458] and Salix x sericans x Salix viminalis [cross 512]. Freshly harvested seed of both crosses survived silica gel drying down to c. 3 to 5% moisture content. Hybrid 458 seed stored in liquid nitrogen (-196C) for 3 d retained viability when equilibrated to < or = 45% RH (pre-storage), showed slightly reduced survival at 65% RH and exhibited no survival at > or =82% RH. The level of survival after 68 d for seeds pre-equilibrated to either c. 10 or 65% (5 or 10% moisture) and stored at four temperatures was -196C > -20C > 2C > 16C. At all temperatures, drier seed stored better than wetter seed. For hybrid 512, seed longevity at 20C > 40C > 60C, and a 10% fall in pre-storage seed RH resulted in a c. 2-fold increase in longevity at each storage temperature. The response of hybrid willow seeds to desiccation and cooling raises possibilities for the long-term seed conservation of Salix species by cryopreservation.     

Cryopreservation of Citrus aurantifolia seeds and embryonic axes using a desiccation protocol

The desiccation and freezing tolerance of seeds, with and without testas, and embryonic axes of Citrus aurantifolia were investigated. Seeds were desiccated with silica gel, under the laminar air flow cabinet or by placing them on a laboratory bench. Whatever the desiccation method employed, survival before and after cryopreservation was higher for seeds without testas. When freezing intact seeds, the highest survival percentage (41.3 %) was achieved after desiccation to 7.3 % moisture content (fresh weight basis) on the laboratory bench. Survival of seeds cryopreserved without testas could reach up to 85 % after desiccation under the laminar air flow cabinet or on the laboratory bench, corresponding to moisture contents of 7.1 and 4.5 %, respectively. After desiccation with silica gel, survival reached a maximum of 60.0 %, for a seed moisture content of 3.3 %. Survival of control embryonic axes was high (80-100 %) whatever the sucrose concentration in the preculture medium and the duration of the desiccation period. After cryopreservation, no survival was noted with embryonic axes, which had not been precultured nor desiccated. Survival of non-desiccated embryonic axes after cryopreservation increased progressively in line with increasing sucrose concentrations in the preculture medium, from 7.5 % with 0.1 M sucrose to 77.5 % with 0.7 M sucrose. Survival of desiccated and cryopreserved embryos was always high, whatever the preculture treatment and desiccation period, ranging from 55.8 % to 92.5 %.     

Impact of microsecond-pulsed plasma-activated water on papaya seed germination and seedling growth

The seed of Carica papaya consists of a hard shell-like testa with inhibitors in vivo causing slow, erratic and asynchronous germination. In this work, plasma-activated water prepared by microsecond-pulsed plasma jets (μPAW) was applied to treat papaya seeds. The μPAW after plasma activation of 30 min was about 40 ℃. The reactive species such as NO₂, NO₃, and H₂O₂ in the μPAW activated from deionized water were measured and correlated to the seed germination rate and the seedling growth performance. The μPAW-treated papaya seed achieved a higher germination rate of 90%, which is 26% higher than the control group using deionized water. Comparing the results with a hot water (40 ℃) reference group showed that the reactive species in μPAW played primary roles in germination improvement, with little effect caused by the heat shock. The μPAW also sterilized the treated seeds, reducing the germination stress. The morphological change in the seeds was observed by SEM, showing an effect of physical etching after treatment promoting seed imbibition. The biochemical mechanism of the seed germination was deduced with reference to the evolution of surface chemistry, functional groups, and ABA content. The accelerated seed metabolism observed was corresponded to the chemical modification pathway. Besides, early seedlings developed from treated seeds were observed to be healthy, grow more leaves, and have better root structures. The content of MDA in the treated papaya seedlings decreased along with increased SOD and higher ion concentration. The μPAW that can be prepared at atmospheric pressure for bulk production offers a low-risk and cost-effective seed priming technology that may significantly increase the production of agricultural crops.     

FTIR光谱结合曲线拟合研究萌发水稻种子

种子的萌发是种子生命历程中的主要组成部分之一,了解种子萌发过程中经历的生理生化变化,准确确定种子的活力,对农业生产很重要,因而,研究种子萌发有重要意义。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱结合曲线拟合研究不同萌发程度的水稻种子,以探寻种子贮藏物质动员情况,对不同萌发时间的水稻种子进行傅里叶变换红外光谱、二阶导数光谱、二维相关红外光谱和曲线拟合研究。结果显示,原始红外光谱整体相似,光谱反映出水稻种子的主要贮藏物质为淀粉、蛋白质和脂肪;吸收峰强度比A_{1 659}/A_{1 019},A_{1 740}/A_{1 019},A_{1 157}/A_{1 019},A_{1 157}/A_{1 081}随萌发时间的增加而降低。814～1 000和1 028～1 340 cm-1范围内的二维相关红外光谱结果显示自动峰个数和最强自动峰的位置、强度随种子萌发时间的增加而变化,表明种子在萌发过程中糖类和蛋白质发生变化。二阶导数光谱在1 200～950 cm-1范围内出现七个峰,其中988 cm-1处的峰随萌发时间的增加向较高波数蓝移,而1 053和1 158 cm-1处的峰向较低波数红移,表明水稻种子在萌发过程中多糖的结构和含量可能发生了变化;在1 700～1 600 cm-1范围内出现九个峰,其中1 641和1 692 cm-1处的峰呈现随萌发时间的增加红移到较低波数的趋势,表明水稻种子在萌发过程中蛋白质的结构和含量可能发生了变化;在1 800～1 700 cm-1范围二阶导数光谱仅观察到1 712和1 744 cm-1处的两个峰,其中1 744 cm-1由脂类物质C═O伸缩振动引起,为脂肪的特征峰。为进一步研究水稻种子萌发过程中贮藏物质的具体变化,以二阶导数光谱确定的子峰位置和数目为依据,对原始红外光谱的1 200～950与1 800～1 600 cm-1区域进行曲线拟合分析。曲线拟合结果显示,随萌发时间的增加,多糖和蛋白质的相对含量总体上呈现下降趋势,脂肪的相对含量先降后升。研究表明,傅里叶变换红外光谱结合曲线拟合可作为研究种子萌发的有效手段。     

Pollen from Glycine species survive cryogenic exposure

Pollen of 12 genotypes of the annual soybean and its wild perennial relatives were stored without pre-desiccation at low temperatures (-20 C and -196 C) and tested for their viability in vitro. The influence of cryopreserved pollen on pod set and seed production was also investigated. Cryopreserved pollen of all the genotypes showed germination in vitro. Pollen of annual soybean stored at -20 C retained their viability for 4 months, however, pollen of its wild perennial relatives at same storage conditions failed to germinate in vitro. Flowers pollinated with cryopreserved pollen had similar pod set and number of seeds/pod as those pollinated with fresh pollen. Results of this study suggest that cryopreservation of pollen can be used successfully for soybean breeding, and also offers the possibility of conserving the haploid gene pool of soybean and wild perennial species in a cryobank facility.     

New determinants for tolerance of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seeds to liquid nitrogen exposure

The present work establishes for the first time that tolerance of coffee seeds to liquid nitrogen (LN) exposure depends on the initial quality of the seedlot and on the rewarming regime employed. Seedlot quality was estimated by the parameters of a quantal response model of desiccation sensitivity developed previously. The percentage of seedlings recovered from cryopreserved seeds was very well correlated with the relative humidity (RH) at which 90 percent of the initial viability was retained, RH90, as estimated by the model. Whatever the cooling regime employed, rewarming the seeds slowly by exposing them to ambient air was highly detrimental. Slow rewarming-induced viability loss was not due to imbibitional damage since seeds pre-heated at 37 degree C after slow rewarming to 0 degree C exhibited a survival percentage lower than seeds thawed rapidly to 0 degree C before sowing. The optimal hydration status for coffee seed cryopreservation was also re-examined. Drying seeds in 81 percent RH provided survival percentages considerably higher than those obtained using the drying RH always employed until now, i.e. 78 percent. A new procedure for slowly precooling the seeds prior to immersion in LN was also established. It consisted of placing the vials containing the seeds in a dry ice-bath for 25 min. Using this procedure in combination with seed drying in 81 percent RH and rapid rewarming in a 37 degree C water-bath for 30 min ensured the highest survival percentages ever obtained with coffee seeds, i.e. 89 percent, a value which was not significantly different from the initial viability percentage.     

Cryopreservation of seeds of a Thai orchid (Doritis pulcherrima lindl. ) by vitrification

Seeds from selfing of a Thai orchid (Doritis pulcherrima Lindl.) were successfully cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (LN) using the vitrification method. Seeds from 3-month-old pods were sufficiently dehydrated in 2 ml cryotubes filled with highly concentrated vitrification solution (PVS2) at 25 +/- 2 degree C for 50 min. The seeds were then rapidly plunged into LN. After rapid warming, the PVS2 solution was replaced with 0.5 ml of 1.2M sucrose in modified Vacin and Went (1949) (VW) solution and kept at 25 +/- 2 degree C for 20 min prior to transfer on VW agar medium. About 62% of cryopreserved seeds treated with PVS2 solution were able to develop into normal seedlings while without that treatment there was no survival. This vitrification protocol appears to be a promising technique for the cryopreservation of some Thai orchid germplasm     

Thermal analysis of garlic shoot tips during a vitrification procedure

The thermal behavior of garlic shoot tips was analyzed during the course of a vitrification protocol using the PVS3 vitrification solution. The size of shoot tips did not significantly influence the thermal behavior of garlic shoot tips. Though there was no significance, endo-thermal enthalpy from melting of crystalline ice increased as preculture duration increased to 6 days. Preculture on medium with 0.5 M sucrose significantly lowered exo- and endothermal enthalpies of dehydration-control shoot tips. By contrast, after dehydration with PVS3 solution, the concentration of sucrose in preculture medium had no significant effect on the value of enthalpies. A big thermal event was observed in garlic shoot tips air-dried for 1-3 h before dehydration. Both vitrification solution and dehydration duration significantly (P < 0.0001) influenced exo- and endothermal enthalpies. After dehydration with PVS1, PVS2, Fahy or Steponkus solutions for 120 min, only a small peak was detected in some shoot tips, but recovery of cryopreserved shoot tips was low. Dehydration duration with PVS3 solution significantly (P < 0.0001) influenced exo- and endothermal enthalpies and onset temperatures during cooling and warming. After dehydration for 150 and 180 min with PVS3 vitrification solution, no crystallization was observed during cooling and warming in most replicates, and recovery of cryopreserved shoot tips was highest (> 80%). There was a significant (P < 0.001) negative correlation between moisture content of shoot tips and concentration of sucrose and glycerol, and regeneration of cryopreserved shoot tips. By contrast, there was a significant (P < 0.001) positive correlation between MC and enthalpy of ice melting, and onset temperature of crystallization. Overall, the results of the analysis of the thermal behavior of garlic shoot tips coincide very well with their recovery after cryopreservation and provide a very useful tool for the establishment and optimization of cryopreservation protocols.     

Cryopreservation of peach palm zygotic embryos

Cryopreservation is a safe and cost-effective option for long-term germplasm conservation of non-orthodox seed species, such as peach palm (Bactris gasipaes). The objective of the present study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for peach palm zygotic embryos based on the encapsulation-dehydration technique. After excision, zygotic embryos were encapsulated with 3 percent sodium alginate plus 2 M glycerol and 0.4 M sucrose, and pre-treated or not with 1 M sucrose during 24 h, followed by air-drying. Fresh weight water contents of beads decreased from 83 percent and 87 percent to 18 percent and 20 percent for pre-treated or non-pretreated beads, respectively, after 4 h of dehydration. Sucrose pre-treatment at 1 M caused lower zygotic embryo germination and plantlet height in contrast to non-treated beads. All the variables were statistically influenced by dehydration time. Optimal conditions for recovery of cryopreserved zygotic embryos include encapsulation and dehydration for 4 h in a forced air cabinet to 20 percent water content, followed by rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen (-196 degree C) and rapid thawing at 45 degree C. In these conditions 29 percent of the zygotic embryos germinated in vitro. However, plantlets obtained from dehydrated zygotic embryos had stunted haustoria and lower heights. Histological analysis showed that haustorium cells were large, vacuolated, with few protein bodies. In contrast, small cells with high nucleus:cytoplasm ratio formed the shoot apical meristem of the embryos, which were the cell types with favorable characteristics for survival after exposure to liquid nitrogen. Plantlets were successfully acclimatized and showed 41+/-9 percent and 88+/-4 percent survival levels after 12 weeks of acclimatization from cryopreserved and non-cryopreserved treatments, respectively.     

不同剂量重离子辐照玉米自交系的生物学效应比较

用12C6+和 36Ar18+离子束分别辐照玉米自交系干种子和浸泡种子, 研究了M1—M3代重离子束辐照的生物学效应。 结果表明: 种子发芽势和发芽率随辐照剂量的增加而下降, 不同生理状态的种子对重离子辐照的敏感性也不同。 一般12C6+ 离子辐照干种子的适宜剂量为20—25 Gy; M1代叶型发生明显的变化, M2代植株在株高、穗位、单株穗数、雄穗花药颜色、粒质、穗行数、粒重和抗性等方面均发生了变化, 并产生了许多有益的变异,包括株高和穗位降低、同位多穗、穗行数和粒重增加、粒质由粉质变为硬粒以及抗锈病和红叶病的植株等, 有益突变的频率达7.0％—17.9％;在M3代出现能够稳定遗传的,并且光合效率增加的有益突变株。由此可见,重离子束辐照是玉米种质改良的一种高效手段。 In order to study biological effects of heavy ion irradiation on maize inbred lines, the agronomic traits and photosynthetic rates were investigated from M1 to M3 of maize seeds irradiated with 12C6+ and 36Ar18+ ions．The results showed that the germination rate and planting percent of maize seeds irradiated were decrease as dosage increasing of heavy ion irradiation. Different physiological status of seeds had disparate sensibility to heavy-ion irradiation and the suitable dosage of 12C6+ ion irradiation was 20—25 Gy for dry maize seeds. The leaf type of the plant happened visible changes in M1 generation. The plant height, spike position, spike number per plant, anther color of staminate,grain texture,spike row,grain weight and resistance had changes in M2 generation. Among them occurred some beneficial mutations that include degrading of plant height and spike position height, multi spike at same position in the plant, increasing of pike row and grain change of grain texture from powder seed to hard seed,resistance to rust disease and red leaf disease and so on. The frequency of beneficial mutation was 7.0％—17.9％. Those beneficial mutations could be stably inherited and mutant plants with high photosynthetic efficiency emerged in M3 generation. The study above showed that heavy ion irradiation is a high performance means for improvement germplasm of maize.     

The effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the physiological and biochemical properties of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings

High hydrostatic pressure is a non-thermal food processing technology, which also has several successful applications in different areas besides food processing. In this study, Capsicum annuum L. (pepper) seeds are subjected to 50, 100, 200 and 300?MPa pressure for 5?min at 25°C and the seedlings of HHP processed seeds are used to compare percentage of seed germination and biochemical properties such as chlorophyll a, b and a/b, proline content, total protein, carotenoid, malondialdehyde, glucose, fructose and phenolic compounds concentrations. As a result of the study, it was observed that there are remarkable changes in terms of biochemical properties especially for seedlings, whose seeds were pressurized at 200 and 300?MPa. More detailed studies are needed to put forward the mechanism behind the changes in biochemical properties.     

气相色谱法测定丝瓜种子萌发时内源乙烯释放速率

使用岛津GC2010气相色谱仪,GS-GasPro色谱柱建立乙烯检测方法,测定了丝瓜种子不同萌发状态的乙烯释放速率.未萌发种子未能检测到乙烯的释放,而萌发后胚根长度为0.5-1.0cm和1.5-2.5cm的种子乙烯释放速率分别为2.06nL·g^-1·h^-1和1.17nL·g^-1·h^-1,说明乙烯对种子萌发具有促进作用.该方法检测相对偏差小于7％,定量限为0.5μL·L^-1,并可将甲烷和乙烯完全分离,是检测植物材料乙烯释放较为理想的方法.     

Survival of four accessions of Anigozanthos manglesii (haemodoraceae) seeds following exposure to liquid nitrogen

This study investigated the survival of seeds from the prominent endemic Western Australian species Anigozanthos manglesii following exposure to liquid nitrogen (cryostorage). Seeds from four different accessions (collected in 1987, 1990, 1993 and 1998) adjusted to different water contents were tested for survival following cryostorage. Water content was a significant determining factor with survival of cryostored seeds declining rapidly at water contents above c. 18%. These water contents were deemed as critical water contents and were supported by DSC scans showing high endothermic peaks indicating ice crystallisation. In some instances, survival of cryostored seeds also declined at low water contents. Seeds from 1990 had a lower than expected survival compared to the other accessions. This may have resulted from the higher lipid content of seeds from this accession, or the reduced germination and vigour of these seeds prior to cryostorage.