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 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
应崇福 《应用声学》2008,27(5):333-337
再次强调了大规模液体中超声处理、以及为此目的研究声空化的重要性。提出了对这项应用中声空化行为的几点思考,重点是关于声空化的"强度"以及关于电动力式和流体动力式两类产生空化系统所产生空化的不同特性。  相似文献   

2.
声空化泡对声传播的屏蔽特性*   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
陈伟中 《应用声学》2018,37(5):675-679
该文介绍了声空化液体中声波被反常吸收的现象,即驱动声压越大,吸收越强,远场声压越低。研究给出其物理机理是高声压导致强空化,空化泡吸收驱动能量辐射高次谐波,高频声波更易被液体吸收,最终形成更低的远场声压。为了克服空化屏蔽,改善声空化的均匀性,提出了改变工作液体的空化阈值的思路。并就简单的双层液体系统进行了计算和实验,结果证实这种思路的正确性。  相似文献   

3.
超声波声孔效应中气泡动力学的研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
陈谦  邹欣晔  程建春 《物理学报》2006,55(12):6476-6481
在超声快速制取组织细胞病理切片的过程中,发现激励信号对切片制取效果有明显的影响.为了掌握超声激励信号对组织细胞的影响规律,达到快速制取病理切片的最佳状态,从气泡空化模型入手,通过改变激励信号频率、声压、气泡初始半径和液体黏滞系数等参量,研究了声孔效应中气泡动力学激励机制.数值计算表明:空化泡振动随激励声压增强而升高,随液体黏滞系数增强而减弱;一定频率范围内空化泡振动能保持在膨胀、收缩和振荡的稳定空化状态,存在空化泡稳态振动的最佳激励频率;一定初始半径能保证空化泡产生稳定的振动,存在空化泡稳态振动幅度最大的初始半径.实际操作中,在频率、声压、初始半径和黏滞系数综合作用的若干空化阈内,声孔效应使超声快速法制取细胞组织切片获得最佳效果. 关键词: 声孔效应 超声空化 气泡振动 稳态空化域  相似文献   

4.
该文利用搭建的高速摄影和空化噪声同步观测的声-流耦合空化实验平台,观察分析了声-流耦合场中空化云的演化规律及相应的空化噪声特征。通过引入空化状态变量,给出了空化强度的一种新的明确表述,并提出了一种基于高速摄影图像分析来测量和表征空化状态变量及空化强度的方法。利用该方法进一步对声-流耦合空化时间演化周期性和空间强度分布进行了定量计算。结果表明,声-流耦合空化强度和作用范围相比单独声空化和单独水力空化有显著的提升。  相似文献   

5.
声空化外场对振荡流热管传热性能的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文通过实验研究了声空化外场对振荡流热管传热性能的影响规律.声空化外场对振荡流热管传热性能有显著影响,在某些工况下声空化外场可以加速热管的启动,提高热管传热性能,但亦出现施加声空化外场反而削弱传热的现象.声空化外场对振荡流热管具有独特的作用,其特殊的规律,以及内、外场之间的耦合机制亟需进行更加深入的研究.  相似文献   

6.
本文对液体内的声空化气泡的成长与破裂过程进行数值计算,得到各种情况下气泡壁的运动情况.通过对不同初始半径、不同频率下声空化气泡运动的计算,得到空化气泡半径小于共振半径,可以增强空化效果,而单一的增强声场的频率并不一定能加强声空化效果,为增强空化效果提供理论依据.研究各种信号作用下声空化气泡成长情况,明确方波信号激励下的...  相似文献   

7.
本文提出了声空化强化振荡流热管传热的方法,并对常规振荡流热管与声空化振荡流热管传热性能进行了对比实验,观察不同加热温度和声空化强度对热管传热性能的影响.实验结果表明在不同的声空化强度下,声空化振荡流热管传热均大于常规振荡流热管;在相同的加热温度下,声空化振荡流热管的当量导热系数均大于常规振荡流热管.声空化强化振荡流热管传热的方法是可行的.  相似文献   

8.
许龙  汪尧 《物理学报》2023,(2):159-165
为了对双泡耦合的声空化过程进行模拟,本文从流体动力学控制方程和流体体积分数模型出发,在Fluent软件中构建双泡耦合超声空化三维有限元仿真模型,对超声波驱动下流体中双泡耦合声空化动力学过程进行数值模拟,并通过对空化气泡周围声场的变化进行分析研究双泡耦合声空化的非线性动力学特性.结果显示:在超声波驱动下,球形气泡先缓慢扩张,扩张到最大半径后迅速收缩直至溃灭;耦合双气泡间存在相互作用力,使得空化气泡的扩张受到抑制、气泡收缩时间增长;空化气泡在收缩阶段的能量转换能力增强,相比单气泡声空化,耦合双气泡溃灭时气泡内部的压强更大.本文分析结果将为超声空化泡群的动力学过程模拟提供参考.  相似文献   

9.
沈壮志 《物理学报》2015,64(12):124702-124702
以水为工作介质, 考虑了液体的可压缩性, 研究了驻波声场中空化泡的运动特性, 模拟了驻波场中各位置处空化泡的运动状态以及相关参数对各位置处空化泡在主Bjerknes力作用下运动方向的影响. 结果表明: 驻波声场中, 空化泡的运动状态分为三个区域, 即在声压波腹附近空化泡做稳态空化, 在偏离波腹处空化泡做瞬态空化, 在声压波节附近, 空化泡在主Bjerknes 力作用下, 一直向声压波节处移动, 显示不发生空化现象; 驻波场中声压幅值增加有利于空化的发生, 但声压幅值增加到一定上限时, 压力波腹区域将排斥空化泡, 并驱赶空化泡向压力波节移动, 不利于空化现象的发生; 当声频率小于初始空化泡的共振频率时, 声频率越高, 由于主Bjerknes 力的作用将有更多的空化泡向声压波节移动, 不利于空化的发生, 尤其是驻波场液面的高度不应是声波波长的1/4; 当声频率一定时, 空化泡初始半径越大越有利于空化现象的发生, 但当空化泡的初始半径超过声频率的共振半径时, 由于主Bjerknes力的作用将有更多的空化泡向声压波节移动, 不利于空化的发生.  相似文献   

10.
声空化气泡内的高温、高压和高密度是声空化工程的机理和基础。该文简要回顾了国内外声空化理论和实验研究的进展,针对当前在液体中进行工业规模声处理等声能应用方面的现状和存在的问题,提出了扩大声能应用的一种可能途径——声空化空间分布控制并在实验室内进行了实验研究。结果表明该方法具有可行性。在此基础上,文中给出了基于空化空间分布控制方法在稠油井口辅助降粘和高固污泥预处理方面取得声空化工程初步应用的两个例子。现场的试验结果表明,这两种声空化工程化样机在实际现场工况条件下,均取得了较好的应用效果。最后,对当前声空化工程应用前景进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   

11.
A passive cavitation detector (PCD) identifies cavitation events by sensing acoustic emissions generated by the collapse of bubbles. In this work, a dual passive cavitation detector (dual PCD), consisting of a pair of orthogonal confocal receivers, is described for use in shock wave lithotripsy. Cavitation events are detected by both receivers and can be localized to within 5 mm by the nature of the small intersecting volume of the focal areas of the two receivers in association with a coincidence detection algorithm. A calibration technique, based on the impulse response of the transducer, was employed to estimate radiated pressures at collapse near the bubble. Results are presented for the in vitro cavitation fields of both a clinical and a research electrohydraulic lithotripter. The measured lifetime of the primary growth-and-collapse of the cavitation bubbles increased from 180 to 420 microseconds as the power setting was increased from 12 to 24 kV. The measured lifetime compared well with calculations based on the Gilmore-Akulichev formulation for bubble dynamics. The radiated acoustic pressure 10 mm from the collapsing cavitation bubble was measured to vary from 4 to 16 MPa with increasing power setting; although the trends agreed with calculations, the predicted values were four times larger than measured values. The axial length of the cavitation field correlated well with the 6-dB region of the acoustic field. However, the width of the cavitation field (10 mm) was significantly narrower than the acoustic field (25 mm) as bubbles appeared to be drawn to the acoustic axis during the collapse. The dual PCD also detected signals from "rebounds," secondary and tertiary growth-and-collapse cycles. The measured rebound time did not agree with calculations from the single-bubble model. The rebounds could be fitted to a Rayleigh collapse model by considering the entire bubble cloud as an effective single bubble. The results from the dual PCD agreed well with images from high-speed photography. The results indicate that single-bubble theory is sufficient to model lithotripsy cavitation dynamics up to time of the main collapse, but that upon collapse bubble cloud dynamics becomes important.  相似文献   

12.
This article reviews the physics of cavitation generated by acoustic fields, covering the basic theoretical and experimental data needed for a proper understanding of the many effects of cavitation and their practical applications. The dynamics of bubble motion are developed, stressing the relation between stable and transient types of cavitation and their thresholds. Non-radial types of bubble motion are now known to initiate several important effects, including erosive action, and these are dealt with in detail. Direct verification of theories of bubble dynamics is obtained using high-speed cinematography. The most recent techniques and results are described, as are the highly-sophisticated experimental methods now being applied to the bubble-fields and aggregates, including the acoustic emission from stable and transient cavitation fields.  相似文献   

13.
Hydrodynamic cavitation in a Venturi tube produces luminescence, and the luminescence intensity reaches a maximum at a certain cavitation number, which is defined by upstream pressure, downstream pressure, and vapor pressure. The luminescence intensity of hydrodynamic cavitation can be enhanced by optimizing the downstream pressure at a constant upstream pressure condition. However, the reason why the luminescence intensity increases and then decreases with an increase in the downstream pressure remains unclear. In the present study, to clarify the mechanism of the change in the luminescence intensity with cavitation number, the luminescence produced by the hydrodynamic cavitation in a Venturi tube was measured, and the hydrodynamic cavitation was precisely observed using high-speed photography. The sound velocity in the cavitating flow field, which affects the aggressive intensity of the cavitation, was evaluated. The collapse of vortex cavitation was found to be closely related to the luminescence intensity of the hydrodynamic cavitation. A method to estimate the luminescence intensity of the hydrodynamic cavitation considering the sound velocity was developed, and it was demonstrated that the estimated luminescence intensity agrees well with the measured luminescence intensity.  相似文献   

14.
Within the last years there has been a substantial increase in reports of utilization of hydrodynamic cavitation in various applications. It has came to our attention that many times the results are poorly repeatable with the main reason being that the researchers put significant emphasis on the value of the cavitation number when describing the conditions at which their device operates.In the present paper we firstly point to the fact that the cavitation number cannot be used as a single parameter that gives the cavitation condition and that large inconsistencies in the reports exist. Then we show experiments where the influences of the geometry, the flow velocity, the medium temperature and quality on the size, dynamics and aggressiveness of cavitation were assessed. Finally we show that there are significant inconsistencies in the definition of the cavitation number itself.In conclusions we propose a number of parameters, which should accompany any report on the utilization of hydrodynamic cavitation, to make it repeatable and to enable faster progress of science and technology development.  相似文献   

15.
In this paper, the decomposition of Rhodamine B (RhB) by hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), acoustic cavitation (AC) and the combination of these individual methods (HAC) have been investigated. The degradation of 20 L RhB aqueous solution was carried out in a self-designed HAC reactor, where hydrodynamic cavitation and acoustic cavitation could take place in the same space simultaneously. The effects of initial concentration, inlet pressure, solution temperature and ultrasonic power were studied and discussed. Obvious synergies were found in the HAC process. The combined method achieved the best conversion, and the synergistic effect in HAC was even up to 119% with the ultrasonic power of 220 W in a treatment time of 30 min. The time-independent synergistic factor based on rate constant was introduced and the maximum value reached 40% in the HAC system. Besides, the hybrid HAC method showed great superiority in energy efficiency at lower ultrasonic power (88–176 W). Therefore, HAC technology can be visualized as a promising method for wastewater treatment with good scale-up possibilities.  相似文献   

16.
吴博悦  陈毅  李建成 《应用声学》2022,41(2):318-326
空化强度是用以衡量液体介质中空化活动的剧烈程度,同时空化效应在超声清洗中起关键作用,因此,测量超声清洗槽中的空化强度便可了解其中空化活动的情况。当发生空化时,液体介质中会产生成分复杂空化噪声,对空化噪声谱进行分析和计算得到空化噪声级,据此可判断空化强度。实验测得结果表明:超声清洗装置内稳态空化分布广泛、均匀,瞬态空化分布集中;超声清洗槽内稳态空化与瞬态空化都分布均匀。空化噪声级空间平均可以较好地表示超声清洗槽声场环境中的整体空化强度;但对于超声清洗装置声场环境,空化噪声级空间平均可以表示稳态空化强度,而瞬态空化强度的测量需要在发生瞬态空化的区域测量。  相似文献   

17.
This paper presents an analysis of the rate of bubble expansion and an estimate of maximum bubble diameter and bubble lifetime prior to collapse. Such data are needed for the optimization of system parameters for elemental analysis in water by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Two techniques were used for this study: pump-probe beam deflection and high-speed photography. Plasma in the water bulk was generated by a focussed laser pulse with energy of 140 mJ and pulse duration of 10 ns, operating at the fundamental Nd:YAG laser wavelength (1064 nm). Reasonable agreement on the value of maximum bubble diameter was obtained between the photographic and probe beam deflection results. Reasonable agreement for the total duration of the oscillating cavitation bubble was also obtained for the two techniques, with a mean value of ∼800 μs. A comparison between empirical results and predictions based on the Rayleigh equation is also presented.  相似文献   

18.
Controlled cavitation in microfluidic systems   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
We report on cavitation in confined microscopic environments which are commonly called microfluidic or lab-on-a-chip systems. The cavitation bubble is created by focusing a pulsed laser into these structures filled with a light-absorbing liquid. At the center of a 20 microm thick and 1 mm wide channel, pancake-shaped bubbles expand and collapse radially. The bubble dynamics compares with a two-dimensional Rayleigh model and a planar flow field during the bubble collapse is measured. When the bubble is created close to a wall a liquid jet is focused towards the wall, resembling the jetting phenomenon in axisymmetry. The jet flow creates two counter-rotating vortices which stir the liquid at high velocities. For more complex geometries, e.g., triangle- and square-shaped structures, the number of liquid jets recorded correlates with the number of boundaries close to the bubble.  相似文献   

19.
R.E. Apfel 《Ultrasonics》1984,22(4):167-173
This article presents a selective review of the subject of acoustic cavitation inception. Topics covered include cavitation threshold measurements, the role of dirt or pre-existing bubble nuclei in cavitation inception, radiation-induced acoustic cavitation, and a discussion of some unsolved problems such as cavitation thresholds in liquid helium and the effects of electric fields on thresholds.  相似文献   

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