光电子技术与器件 其他

TN29 2006032498微流控光学器件与系统的研究进展=Reviewof optical de-vices and systems based on microfluidics[刊,中]/吴建刚(清华大学微电子学研究所.北京(100084)) ,岳瑞峰…∥光学技术.—2006 ,32(1) .—71-74微流控技术与光学器件的融合,为传统光学器件的微型化、阵列化、低成本化以及高精度控制提供了可能。叙述了一些基于微流控技术的可变焦光透镜、显示器件、光开关以及可调光纤光栅等新型光学器件的近期研究成果和应用背景。图7参4(严寒)TN29 2006032499基于光纤环形镜的偏振无关的掺镧锆钛酸铅电光开关=Polarization indep…     

基于EWOD的微流控透镜变焦特性分析

随着光学技术的蓬勃发展,传统的固体光学器件难以满足日益增加的微型化、集成化、可调化的现代光学技术发展的需要,新兴的微流控光学器件则为这一需要提供了可能。基于介质上电润湿(EWOD)的液体变焦透镜就是一种微流控光学器件。介绍了该种透镜的几个基本结构和变焦原理,着重推导计算了外加电压与液体透镜曲率半径、焦距的变化关系,分析了其变焦特性,提出了相应消像差方案。     

磁致旋光增强效应与微量样品旋光检测方法

微流控光学检测系统的微型化和集成化是微流控技术的发展趋势,微量液体物质的旋光检测也是微流控光学技术的重要研究课题之一.分析了内含磁致旋光介质的旋光反射腔的偏光特性,理论预言这种旋光反射腔具有旋光增强效应,在此基础上提出了微量样品的旋光增强检测方法和器件设计原理.研究结果表明,该方法可以在小光程限制条件下显著提高磁旋光介质的检测灵敏度.在不考虑样品吸收的情况下.旋光增强法与普通消光法的检测灵敏度之比的极限约为78.5.该方法可以应用于微流控系统的旋光检测以及实现磁旋光仪器的小型化和微型化.     

基于微流控技术的新型可调光衰减器

基于微流控技术提出了一种新型可调光衰减器核心芯片结构,利用微流体和可压缩空气实现光衰减的可控调节,并基于此核心芯片设计了两种应用不同驱动技术的微流控光衰减器。通过高斯光束传播理论、亥姆霍兹方程、光场耦合理论与Mathematics软件分析了光衰减器内部光场分布特性,考虑了流体端面衍射影响,给出了流体端面位置与衰减量的关系及响应时间等性能参数。理论表明基于微流控技术的可调光衰减器衰减范围大于50dB,系统响应时间约为0.01s,具有衰减范围大、响应快、插入损耗小、回波损耗大的优点。所提出的光衰减器为寻求小体积、高性能、易集成、灵活可调的新型光通讯器件提供了新的思路。     

仿生微流控的发展与应用

仿生微流控技术将仿生结构设计应用到微流体装置中,具有很强的学科交叉性.本文提出了通过仿生手段突破微流控的技术瓶颈,从而提高微流控器件的抗污染性能,告别单一功能的微流控系统应用的局限性,实现微尺度下通道的智能化及动态环境变化下的高适应性等.本文提出了仿生微流控的概念,重点介绍了仿生微流控在器件抗污染、器件智能化、生物学和医药方面的最新研究进展,从仿生设计导入应用前景,并探讨了所涉及的物理问题和关键技术,以期为智能微流控芯片的设计开发和应用提供新思路,并为软物质的开发应用、多功能型智能化仿生器件的设计、制备及应用提供参考.     

基于分水岭算法的电润湿特性研究

采用一种改进的分水岭变换算法研究导电液滴在微流控芯片表面介质上电润湿效应,获得了一个单像素宽度、连续的液滴边缘轮廓,得到了导电液滴在芯片表面的接触角随外加电势的变化规律,进而计算了导电液体的表面张力。相关结论为新型微流控光学变焦透镜阵列器件的设计和研制提供了依据。     

应用于单分子测序的纳米微结构器件

基因测序技术是现代最为重要的生物医学研究手段之一,单分子测序技术作为最新一代测序技术被广泛研究,并形成了微纳制造、光电子、微流控和分子生物学等多学科的交叉探索和多种技术创新的有机结合.文章系统总结了应用于单分子测序的纳米微结构器件的原理和功能,重点阐述了零模波导器件和纳米孔器件在单分子测序中的作用以及制备工艺,从器件的角度提出了单分子测序技术所面临的挑战.     

二元光学：90年代的光学技术

二元光学是在计算全息与相息图研究发展的基础上新兴的一个光学学科分支．在光的衍射原理的基础上，通过计算机设计与微电子加工技术，人们研制成二元光学器件．它是一种片基表面深度为亚微米级的台阶形分布的纯相位器件，可以微型阵列化与集成化．它在激光波面校正、激光相干合成、微透镜阵列、红外光系统、光雷达、光通信、光互连与光计算等方面有非常良好的应用前景．     

微流控SERS及其在生物医学应用的研究进展

微流控芯片以其对微量样品的精确操控能力而引起特别关注,表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)作为一种超灵敏的光谱检测技术近年来在痕量检测上应用广泛。微流控芯片与SERS相结合的系统可对微量生物样品进行无损、快速、高灵敏度且高通量的检测分析,在生物医学领域有巨大的应用潜力,是当前的研究热点之一。本文介绍了微流控SERS系统近年的发展情况,包括微流控芯片的制作加工和流体操控,以及微流控芯片中SERS基底的集成;并重点介绍了近年来SERS微流控芯片系统在生物医学上的应用,如生物分子的检测、细胞分析、药物监测和筛选、疾病诊断,以及在环境和食品健康安全方面的检测应用。     

基于电润湿微棱镜技术的可调光衰减器特性分析

利用电控改变固液界面湿润角的电润湿微棱镜(EMPs)技术以及双自聚焦透镜组合设计了一类新颖的可调光衰减器,并对该衰减器的衰减性能进行了原理分析和实验测量.理论分析和实验结果表明其具有良好的光衰减控制效应,在不大的电压变化范围(例如135—139V)内即可实现2—60dB的光衰减范围.该器件构思新颖,具有结构简单、容易制作的优点,经过优化后将会在光通信领域得到广泛的应用.缺点是工作电压偏高,需要进一步筛选出介电系数高的物质来作为介电绝缘层材料,以便降低工作电压,达到实际可以使用的目的. 关键词： 微流控光学 电湿效应 可调光衰减器 电润湿微棱镜     

Laser-Scanning Microscopy for Electrophoretic Mobility Characterization of Single Nanoparticles

To enable detailed studies of interactions between nanoparticles and their environment and the correlations between various nanoparticle properties, one must go beyond ensemble averages and toward single-particle measurements. However, current methodologies for the single-nanoparticle analysis of charge and size either lack the flexibility to study dynamic processes on the single-particle level or are highly specific and require complex microfluidic devices. In addition, accurate measurements of the electrophoretic mobility (or zeta-potential) based on the optical detection of single nanoparticles remain challenging due to the low photon budget, the required sampling frequency, and the fact that electroosmosis in typical microfluidic devices must be analyzed carefully. In this study, a method is investigated to accurately characterize the electrophoretic mobility of individual nanoparticles and estimate their size by simultaneously analyzing the electrokinetic- and Brownian motion in a simple microfluidic channel. Fast laser scanning excitation and sensitive detection of fluorescent photons enable single-nanoparticle velocimetry experiments in an oscillating electric field at high frame rates.     

Directly laser-written integrated photonics devices including diffractive optical elements

Femtosecond laser-written integrated devices involving Fresnel Zone Plates (FZPs) and waveguide arrays are demonstrated as built-in optical couplers. These structures were fabricated in borosilicate glass using a direct laser writing technique. The optical properties of these integrated photonic structures were investigated using CW lasers and high-resolution CCDs. For a single FZP coupled to a single waveguide, the overall coupling efficiency was 9%. A multiplexed optical coupler composed of three FZP layers was demonstrated to couple three waveguides simultaneously in a waveguide array. Structures of this type can be used as platforms for multichannel waveguide coupling elements or as microfluidic sensors that require higher light collecting efficiency.     

Velocimetry microsensors driven by linearly polarized optical tweezers

We report on a new type of single-point velocimetry microsensor that can be positioned in microfluidic devices by use of optical tweezers. The flag-shaped microsensor is readily made by a low-cost two-photon polymerization technique. At rest the linearly polarized optical tweezer traps the microsensor at the focal point, and the flag-plate gets aligned in the polarization direction. Under a fluid flow, the plate rotates to an equilibrium angle that is used to measure the fluid velocity with a micrometer-size spatial resolution. Experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical calculations of optical and hydrodynamic torques on such a flag-shaped microsensor.     

Evanescent field-based optical fiber sensing device for measuring the refractive index of liquids in microfluidic channels

We report a simple optical sensing device capable of measuring the refractive index of liquids propagating in microfluidic channels. The sensor is based on a single-mode optical fiber that is tapered to submicrometer dimensions and immersed in a transparent curable soft polymer. A channel for liquid analyte is created in the immediate vicinity of the taper waist. Light propagating through the tapered section of the fiber extends into the channel, making the optical loss in the system sensitive to the refractive-index difference between the polymer and the liquid. The fabrication process and testing of the prototype sensing devices are described. The sensor can operate both as a highly responsive on-off device and in the continuous measurement mode, with an estimated accuracy of refractive-index measurement of approximately 5 x 10(-4).     

Microfluidic integration of photonic crystal fibers for online photochemical reaction analysis

Liquid-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) are perfect optofluidic channels, uniquely providing low-loss optical guidance in a liquid medium. As a result, the overlap of the dissolved specimen and the intense light field in the micronsized core is increased manyfold compared to conventional bioanalytical techniques, facilitating highly-efficient photoactivation processes. Here we introduce a novel integrated analytical technology for photochemistry by microfluidic coupling of a HC-PCF nanoflow reactor to supplementary detection devices. Applying a continuous flow through the fiber, we deliver photochemical reaction products to a mass spectrometer in an online and hence rapid fashion, which is highly advantageous over conventional cuvette-based approaches.     

A microfluidic rectifier: anisotropic flow resistance at low Reynolds numbers

It is one of the basic concepts of Newtonian fluid dynamics that at low Reynolds number (Re) the Navier-Stokes equation is linear and flows are reversible. In microfluidic devices, where Re is essentially always low, this implies that flow resistance in microchannels is isotropic. Here we present a microfluidic rectifier: a microscopic channel of a special shape whose flow resistance is strongly anisotropic, differing by up to a factor of 2 for opposite flow directions. Its nonlinear operation at arbitrary small Re is due to non-Newtonian elastic properties of the working fluid, which is a 0.01% aqueous solution of a high molecular weight polymer. The rectifier works as a dynamic valve and may find applications in microfluidic pumps and other integrated devices.     

Optical manipulation of microscale fluid flow

A novel optical method is used both to probe and to control dynamics in experiments on the spreading of microscale liquid films over solid substrates. The flow is manipulated by thermally induced surface-tension gradients that are regulated by controlling the absorption of light in the substrate. This approach permits, for the first time, the measurement of the dispersion relation for the well-known contact line instability; the measurements are compared with theoretical predictions from the slip model for spreading films. The experiments also demonstrate the use of feedback control to suppress instability. These results show that optical control can provide dynamically reconfigurable manipulations of fluid flow, thereby suggesting a general approach for constructing reprogrammable microfluidic devices.     

ArF-excimer laser ablation experiments on Cycloolefin Copolymer (COC)

To determine the capability of Cycloolefin Copolymer (COC) for excimer laser microstructuring, ablation experiments have been performed at 193 nm using an ArF excimer laser workstation. A matrix of square holes was structured in COC, the ablated structures were examined qualitatively and quantitatively by optical methods and scanning electron microscopy. It turned out that COC can be structured with high accuracy and is therefore suited for laser rapid prototyping of micro optical and microfluidic devices. The maximum ablation depth of COC (0.17 μm/pulse) is smaller than of PMMA (0.58 μm/pulse), but is sufficient for prototyping and allows fine depth tuning. Flat structures less than 200-μm deep nearly show no amount of redeposited material and yield smooth surfaces.     

Femtosecond laser microstructuring: an enabling tool for optofluidic lab‐on‐chips

This paper provides an overview of the rather new field concerning the applications of femtosecond laser microstructuring of glass to optofluidics. Femtosecond lasers have recently emerged as a powerful microfabrication tool due to their unique characteristics. On the one hand, they enable to induce a permanent refractive index increase, in a micrometer‐sized volume of the material, allowing single‐step, three‐dimensional fabrication of optical waveguides. On the other hand, femtosecond‐laser irradiation of fused silica followed by chemical etching enables the manufacturing of directly buried microfluidic channels. This opens the intriguing possibility of using a single laser system for the fabrication and three‐dimensional integration of optofluidic devices. This paper will review the state of the art of femtosecond laser fabrication of optical waveguides and microfluidic channels, as well as their integration for high sensitivity detection of biomolecules and for cell manipulation.     

Controllable Optical Bistability in a Crystal of Molecular Magnets System

We investigate the formation of optical bistability (OB) in a crystal of molecular magnets contained in a unidirectional ring cavity. The crystal is subjected to one dc magnetic field and two (probe and coupling) ac resonant magnetic field. The results show that OB can be controlled efficiently by adjusting the intensity of the control field, the detuning of probe magnetic field and the cooperation parameter. Furthermore, within certain parameter range, the optical multistablity (OM) can also be observed in the crystal medium. This investigation can be used for designing new types of nonelectronic devices for realizing switching process.