用QCD因子化方法研究B→PV两体弱衰变过程

基于最近CLEO实验和B介子物理中理论研究的进展, 在QCD因子化方案下研究了B介子到一个赝标π, K和一个矢量介子ρ,ω的两体弱衰变过程.在合理的参数范围内, 理论计算与实验相符得很好.     

对于组分夸克模型的几点评注

根据现有的格点QCD结果和手征对称自发破缺理论研讨了组分夸克模型中夸克囚禁和夸克介子耦合方案.指出了两体囚禁势不能直接推广应用于多夸克系统,σ介子作为双π交换的等效描述只能用于u,d夸克,不能用于s夸克.     

热强子质量的有效手征拉氏量近似

从再现QCD标度反常的线性化手征拉氏量出发,使用热场动力学理论,计算了单圈近似下强子的热质量,并发现组分夸克质量和标量场质量在单圈近似下比在平均场近似下随温度的增加更快地下降,而在手征极限下,π介子在所有温度保持无质量.     

菲尔德–费曼模型中的介子碎裂函数

从菲尔德–费曼的叠代模型出发,考虑到入射夸克的味结构,研究了π介子的碎裂函数Duπ+,Ddπ+,和Dsπ+,并将分析结果和实验数据进行了比较,对K介子的碎裂函数DsK+(z),DuK+(z),DsK+(z)和DdK+(z)作出的预言将被进一步的实验检验。     

QCD手征对称性动力学破缺的有效势研究

本文从无质量夸克的QCD拉氏量出发, 引入双线性外源, 导出了作为复合算子(夸克传播子和胶子传播子)泛函的有效势表示. 从而得出传播子的Dyson-Schwinger方程. 方程具有两组解, 一组解保持手征对称性, 另一组解使手征对称性自发破缺. 通过讨论方程的渐近解, 发现当耦合常数α>1/4时, QCD手征对称性将自发破缺; 当α<1/4时QCD手征对称性仍然保持. 利用求得的夸克自能的渐近行为和f_π介子衰变常数fπ的实验值, 估计了夸克产生的动力学质量和用其它理论方法与实验方法估计得的夸克质量相符, 并对结果进行了讨论.     

有限温度下的手征口袋模型

在计及口袋外部π介子云的热力学贡献后,本文推广手征口袋模型至有限温度.我们给出了手征口袋模型的半径和温度的依赖关系以及夸克去禁闭的临界温度.     

QCD类规范的南部模型中费米子与动力学产生的介子的密度效应

将两味(N_f=2)情况下的QCD类规范的南部模型应用到核物质中并得到了费米子的能隙方程.与四费米子相互作用部分相比,胶子部分对费米子质量约有1/4的贡献.手征序参量与QCD求和规则所预言的结果符合得很好.基于能隙方程,得到了标量与赝标量介子的一系列动力学性质,理论结果很好地符合了实验.     

QCD因子化方案中twist-3波函数和红外发散问题

在QCD因子化框架下讨论了B介子到两个轻赝标介子衰变中手征增强的修正问题. 证明了只有在twist-3波函数对称的情况下，顶角修正的红外发散才能相消. 因而只有在这种情况下，手征增强的修正才能自洽地被包含进来. 作者还对旁观者硬散射中出现的发散进行了讨论.     

CERN的实验澄清了CP破坏的起源

1964年,Cronin,Fitch等发现在中性K介子衰变过程中CP守恒的破坏.中性K介子衰变是迄今发现CP破坏的唯一过程,这给弄清CP破坏的机制带来了一定困难.目前,关于CP破坏的起因,比较流行的有超弱理论和标准模型两种理论解释. 超弱理论是在发现CP破坏不久由Lincoln和Wolfenstein提出的一个唯象理论.中性K介子按奇异数本征态可分为 K0态(S=+1)与K0态(S=-1),又可按CP本征态分为态(CP=-1).在发现CP破坏前,人们一直认为K1,K2分别是短寿命和长寿命的两个质量本征态Ks和KL.但在CP破坏的实验中发现大约每300个KL中有一个将衰变为两个 介子,…     

3π强子物理和实验

在强子物理研究中,3π产生的理论和实验有非常重要的意义,是目前世界上很多大型实验设备的重要研究对象。3π强子物理包含丰富的物理内容,可以作为探索低能区强相互作用的有力工具。同时,3π产生过程是寻找奇特轻介子态的主要途径之一。另外,通过研究3π产生反应道还可以寻找“失踪”共振态和重子激发态之间的级联衰变。介绍了目前国际各大高能物理实验室的3π产生过程的实验、理论研究以及分波分析技术现状,重点介绍了美国杰弗逊国家实验室（Jefferson Lab,简称JLab）的CLAS（CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer）实验上的3π反应过程。最后,指出了3π强子物理研究的意义和未来的研究方向。Three pion productions off nucleon are of significance in the research of hadron physics. Meanwhile it is the subject of many big experimental apparatus in the world. Due to the variety of three pion productions, it can be applied as an effective tool to study QCD in low energy region. Three pion productions is one of the main reactions in searching light exotic meson state. Moreover, it is possible to find out the "missing" baryon resonance and the cascaded decay process between baryon excited states. We introduce present experiments and theories of three pion productions as well as the partial wave analysis technique. The emphasis is on the CLAS (CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer) experiment at JLab (Jefferson Lab). In the end, we point out the significance of studying the three-pion hadron physics at JLab.     

New Measurement of the π0 radiative decay width

High precision measurements of the differential cross sections for π0 photoproduction at forward angles for two nuclei, 12C and 208Pb, have been performed for incident photon energies of 4.9-5.5 GeV to extract the π0→γγ decay width. The experiment was done at Jefferson Lab using the Hall B photon tagger and a high-resolution multichannel calorimeter. The π0→γγ decay width was extracted by fitting the measured cross sections using recently updated theoretical models for the process. The resulting value for the decay width is Γ(π0→γγ)=7.82±0.14(stat)±0.17(syst) eV. With the 2.8% total uncertainty, this result is a factor of 2.5 more precise than the current Particle Data Group average of this fundamental quantity, and it is consistent with current theoretical predictions.     

QCD corrections to inclusive jet photoproduction via direct photons

The direct chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) one-loop prediction for the production of two pions from two photons is compared with the recent Crystal Ball experimental data. The one-loop computation does not fit data even close to threshold because unitarity effects are important even at very low energies. However, when the constraints coming from unitarity and analyticity are included in a suitable way, the range of application of one-loop ChPT can be largely extended in agreement with the experiment.     

Highlights and perspectives of the JLab spin physics program

Nucleon spin structure has been an active, exciting and intriguing subject of interest for the last three decades. Recent precision spin-structure data from Jefferson Lab have significantly advanced our knowledge of nucleon structure in the valence quark (high-x) region and improved our understanding of higher-twist effects, spin sum rules and quark-hadron duality. First, results of spin sum rules and polarizabilities in the low to intermediate Q ² region are presented. Comparison with theoretical calculations, in particular with Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT) calculations, are discussed. Surprising disagreements of ChPT calculations with experimental results on the generalized spin polarizability, δ _LT, were found. Then, precision measurements of the spin asymmetry, A ₁, in the high-x region are presented. They provide crucial input for global fits to world data to extract polarized parton distribution functions. The up and down quark spin distributions in the nucleon were extracted. The results for Δd/d disagree with the leading-order pQCD prediction assuming hadron helicity conservation. Results of precision measurements of the g ₂ structure function to study higher-twist effects are presented. The data indicate a significant higher-twist (twist-3 or higher) effect. The second moment of the spin structure functions and the twist-3 matrix element d ₂ results were extracted. The high Q ² result was compared with a Lattice QCD calculation. Results on the resonance spin-structure functions in the intermediate Q ² range are presented, which, in combination with DIS data, enable a detailed study of quark-hadron duality in spin-structure functions. Finally, an experiment to study neutron transversity and transverse spin asymmetries is discussed. A future plan with the 12 GeV energy upgrade at JLab is briefly outlined.     

Testing the PCAC prediction for the π0 lifetime

We compare the PCAC prediction based on the chiral anomaly for the π⁰ lifetime with a recent experiment. We find that the QED corrections are as large as 3%. After these corrections the experiment and the PCAC prediction disagree by 8.5 ± 2%. We estimate the corrections to the PCAC prediction. We find that reliably calculable corrections are not large enough to account for the discrepancy. However, contributions from the excited π⁰'s may be able to explain the difference.     

Electromagnetic probes of strongly interacting matter: probes of chiral symmetry restoration?

The QCD sum rule approach to in-medium modifications of the ω meson in nuclear matter is reviewed with emphasis of its relation to 4-quark condensates and chiral symmetry restoration. Possible implications of the CBTAPS experiment for the reaction γA → A′ω(→ π⁰γ) are sketched and the particularly important role of di-electron probes, accessible with HADES, is highlighted. A brief update of a parametrization of the previous dilepton and photon probes from CERES and WA98 of heavy-ion collisions at CERN-SPS energies is presented.     

Axial anomaly and vector meson dominance model

A connection between the axial anomaly and the vector meson dominance model is revealed for the processes of pseudoscalar meson-photon transitions. The analytic continuation of the anomaly sum rules, which are exact QCD relations following follow from the dispersive representation of the axial anomaly, to the time-like region is performed. Using these sum rules, the transition form factors of π⁰, η, and η′ mesons in this region are calculated. A good agreement with the available experimental data is found.     

Tau hadronic branching ratios

From 64492 selected τ-pair events, produced at the Z⁰ resonance, the measurement of the tau decays into hadrons from a global analysis using 1991, 1992 and 1993 ALEPH data is presented. Special emphasis is given to the reconstruction of photons and π⁰s, and the removal of fake photons. A detailed study of the systematics entering the π⁰ reconstruction is also given. A complete and consistent set of tau hadronic branching ratios is presented for 18 exclusive modes. Most measurements are more precise than the present world average. The new level of precision reached allows a stringent test τ-μ, universality in hadronic decays, ${cal G}_{?u}/{cal G}_{?}=1.0013pm 0.0095$, and the first measurement of the vector and axial-vector contributions to the non-strange hadronic τ decay width: R_τ,V = 1.788 ± 0 0.025 and R_τ,A = 1.694 ± 0.027. The ratio (R_τ,V ? R_τ,A)/(R_τ,V + R_τ,A), equal to (2.7 ± 1.3) %, is a measure of the importance of QCD non-perturbative contributions to the hadronic τ decay width.     

Electromagnetic corrections in the anomaly sector and the \pi^0 lifetime

The framework for computing radiative corrections in ChPT in the anomaly sector is set up. Application to the lifetime of the and the possibility to extract information on m _d -m _u from precision data is discussed.Received: 30 September 2002, Published online: 22 October 2003PACS: 11.30.Rd Chiral symmetries - 12.15.Ff Quark and lepton masses and mixing - 12.39.Fe Chiral Lagrangians     

Nucleon form factors of the isovector axial-vector current

The theoretical and experimental status of the isovector axial-vector current form factors G _A(q ²) and G _P(q ²) of the nucleon is reviewed. We also describe a new calculation of these form factors in manifestly Lorentz-invariant chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) with the inclusion of axial-vector mesons as explicit degrees of freedom.     

On the chiral transition temperature in bilocal effective QCD

The breakdown of chiral symmetry in a many-quark system at finite temperature is studied by considering a bilocal quark interaction derived from a field theoretical treatment of QCD. We find that such an approach yields a chiral transition temperature which is about 30% lower compared to the standard NJL model prediction.