基于流-热耦合模型的GMM智能构件温升控制系统设计

热效应对超磁致伸缩执行器中超磁致伸缩材料性能产生非常大的影响,从而影响超磁致伸缩执行器的定位精度;提出一种简化的强制水冷策略保证磁致伸缩材料温度恒定;同时建立了超磁致伸缩材料智能构件流-热多场耦合的有限元模型,运用COMSOLMultiphysics 3.4软件对模型进行仿真,仿真结果验证了模型的正确,进一步的实验结果证实了提出的温度控制策略的有效性。     

铁单质薄膜磁致伸缩行为与磁矩演化研究

磁致伸缩材料在传感器、位移器件等领域应用前景广阔,对此类材料的制备与实验已成为研究热点,但使用分子动力学方法模拟其磁致伸缩过程中内部磁矩的演化仍缺乏相关研究.本研究以磁致伸缩材料铁单质为研究对象,采用分子动力学方法建立单畴铁单质磁致伸缩模型.分析了铁单质薄膜磁致伸缩行为随初始磁矩的变化,以及在磁场作用下微观原子磁矩的变化与宏观磁致伸缩之间的关系.结果表明:模型磁化构型的演化与磁致伸缩行为有着密切联系,随着外加磁场强度增大,原子磁矩与外加磁场方向相同的区域面积逐渐增大,宏观表现为模型的磁致伸缩随磁场强度增大而伸长,并最终达到饱和,而边界处的原子磁矩是模型是否达到饱和磁致伸缩的关键.     

用激光干涉法测量电致伸缩系数

简述了利用迈克耳孙干涉仪测量电致伸缩系数的原理,介绍了测量电致伸缩系数的方法,给出了同心圆干涉条纹的圈数与所加电压的关系以及利用线性回归法求准线性区域的电致伸缩系数的测量结果.     

用于电流传感的声表面波磁致伸缩效应

利用声表面波(SAW)磁致伸缩效应可以实现一种快速、高灵敏度的电流检测方法,但磁致伸缩薄膜内部矫顽力导致了明显的磁滞误差。磁致伸缩薄膜的栅阵化设计可以减小磁致伸缩时薄膜内部矫顽力,抑制磁滞现象,从而实现高灵敏和低迟滞误差的SAW电流检测。结合有限元和耦合模理论对沉积铁钴(FeCo)薄膜栅阵的声表面波电流传感器中的磁致伸缩效应进行分析,对传感响应进行仿真,确定优化的传感结构参数。为验证理论分析,实验研制了频率为150 MHz的声表面波电流传感器件,并结合差分振荡电路及亥姆霍兹线圈,建立传感器测试系统.实验结果表明,磁致伸缩薄膜的栅阵设计大幅降低了迟滞误差,并显著提升了传感器灵敏度。      

超磁致伸缩材料及其应用研究

稀土超磁致伸缩材料是一种新型稀土功能材料．文章概述了超磁致伸缩材料(GMM)的研究历史；对比了一种实用的超磁致伸缩材料(Terfenol-D)和压电陶瓷材料(PZT)的性能；阐述了超磁致伸缩材料当前在以下两个方面取得的研究进展：(1)关于工艺方法的研究：包括直拉法、区熔法、布里奇曼法和粉末烧结、粘结等方法；(2)关于材料组分的研究：包括对Fe原子的替代研究以及开发轻稀土超磁致伸缩材料的研究．文章最后叙述了超磁致伸缩材料的应用领域，以及发展我国稀土超磁致伸缩材料的意义．     

PrFe2立方Laves相磁致伸缩材料低温磁性能简介

介绍了运用综合物理测量仪（PPMS）所测量的15 K和300 K下PrFe2立方Laves相合金的磁致伸缩随温度的变化特性。结果表明,随着温度的降低,PrFe2合金的磁致伸缩值λ会迅速增加,这说明了PrFe2合金虽然在室温下表现出一般的磁致伸缩性能,但是在低温下,却具有非常优秀的磁致伸缩性能。同时,随着温度的降低,合金的更难达到饱和,这说明了PrFe2合金在低温下具有很大的磁晶格向异性。     

缺陷对铁单质薄膜磁致伸缩与磁矩演化的影响

磁致伸缩材料在传感、控制及能量与信息转换等领域应用前景广阔,此类材料的性能提升及工程应用已成为研究热点,但材料在制备与使用中不可避免会出现缺陷.本文以常用的铁磁性材料铁单质为研究对象,采用分子动力学方法分别建立无缺陷、孔洞缺陷与裂纹缺陷的铁单质磁致伸缩结构模型,分析了缺陷形式对铁单质薄膜磁致伸缩行为的影响,并从微观原子磁矩角度解释缺陷对磁致伸缩行为的影响机理.结果表明:缺陷会对其周围的原子磁矩产生影响,从而影响铁单质薄膜磁致伸缩,其中孔洞形缺陷对磁致伸缩的影响较小,裂纹形缺陷对磁致伸缩的影响较大.裂纹的方向会影响铁单质薄膜的磁致伸缩,与磁化方向平行的裂纹会降低材料在磁化方向上由初始状态至磁化达到饱和的最大磁致伸缩量;与磁化方向垂直的裂纹会提高材料在磁化方向上由初始状态至磁化达到饱和的最大磁致伸缩量.     

乙烯基酯树脂光固化的拉曼光谱研究

文章利用理论计算(DFT,密度泛函理论)和实验两种方法得到了乙烯基酯树脂的拉曼光谱.通过对比分析,再结合相关文献,对其光谱的振动模式进行初步的指认,拉曼光谱中苯环平面内的变形振动在1598 cm-1、C=C的伸缩振动和C=O的伸缩振动分别在1628 cm-1和1702 cm-1.3007 cm-1和3062cm-1的振动归属于=C-H的伸缩振动和苯环上C-H的伸缩振动,而-C-H的伸缩振动在2800 cm-1~3000 cm-1.并且对比了可见光固化树脂固化前后的拉曼光谱图,可见光固化树脂的固化,主要由于1630cm-1C=C的交联反应产生.     

基于超磁致伸缩材料的光纤光栅调谐范围研究

研究了基于超磁致伸缩材料实现对光纤布拉格光栅的动态调谐这一方案理论上可获得的最大调谐范围．利用超磁致伸缩换能器的输出特性，进行了超磁致伸缩换能器用于光纤布拉格光栅调谐的实验研究．分析了实验中影响可获得调谐范围的各种因素，如实际可获得的超磁致伸缩材料的特性、光纤布拉格光栅的特性以及换能器结构的设计．进一步讨论了在理论界限的前提下改进该方案可获得调谐范围的措施，并以施加预应力为例进行了实验验证．结果表明，通过给予超磁致伸缩材料合适的预应力，可以较明显地改善最大调谐范围．     

亚乙基硫脲分子键伸缩模式与全耦合模式键极化率的对比及其拉曼激发虚态的相关研究

从拉曼峰强着手,得到了键伸缩模式与全耦合模式两种不同计算条件下,亚乙基硫脲(ethylene thiourea,ETU)分子的键极化率,并比较分析了两种计算结果的异同.研究表明:在键伸缩模式的算法中,仅考虑势能分布中键对称伸缩比重相对较大的部分拉曼峰参与极化率计算,显然忽略了键伸缩与键弯曲间的相互耦合,造成了与弯曲振动耦合较强的部分键伸缩极化率值存在一定误差.因此,此方法虽能使问题简化,但却丢失了一些信息.而全耦合模式算法考虑了所有振动模式(键伸缩与键弯曲)相互影响的情况,能更全面的反映键电荷的分布情况,但却会使问题的求解过程变得复杂.同时,在拉曼激发虚态的相关研究中,两种计算方法却得到几乎一致的键极化率弛豫方式(呈单指数规律衰减)及相同的衰减特征时间.     

Ku/K波段双频涡旋电磁阵列天线设计

涡旋电磁波具有携带轨道角动量的特性,利用这一特性,采用涡旋电磁波作为信号的载体,可以实现同一时间、同一频段的多路信号传输,极大地提高系统容量和频带利用率。以同轴馈电的半圆型开槽微带天线为单元,设计出了一种能工作在Ku波段和K波段的涡旋电磁阵列天线。使用三维电磁场仿真软件建模并且优化参数,最终得到在中心频率分别为17.1 GHz和19.7 GHz时,阵列天线产生的电磁波携带有轨道角动量。结论表明:该阵列天线能够产生双频涡旋电磁波。     

电磁波极化的应用

极化是电磁波的一个重要参量,是电动力学、电磁场与电磁波课程教学中的重点内容之一.系统介绍电磁波极化这一概念在通信、雷达和抗干扰等方面的应用,即利用电磁波极化实现无线电信号的最佳发射和接收,利用极化提高通信容量,探讨了电磁波极化在雷达目标识别、检测、成像以及抗干扰中的应用.     

The motion of charged test particles in general relativity

We derive, from the Einstein-Maxwell field equations, the Lorentz equations of motion with radiation reaction for a charged mass particle moving in a background gravitational and electromagnetic field by utilizing a line element for the background space-time in a coordinate system specially adapted to the world line of the particle. The particle is introduced via perturbations of the background space-time (and electromagnetic field) which are singular only on the source world line.     

General Navier–Stokes-like momentum and mass-energy equations

A new system of general Navier–Stokes-like equations is proposed to model electromagnetic flow utilizing analogues of hydrodynamic conservation equations. Such equations are intended to provide a different perspective and, potentially, a better understanding of electromagnetic mass, energy and momentum behaviour. Under such a new framework additional insights into electromagnetism could be gained. To that end, we propose a system of momentum and mass-energy conservation equations coupled through both momentum density and velocity vectors.     

Effectiveness of the repulsion of electromagnetic coils with strength and magnetic field limitations

Mechanical power units utilizing electromagnetic interaction between coils are generally distinguished by compactness and ease of control. A coil-repulsion drive configuration is preferable for increasing the efficiency of such a device. One of the main limitations in choosing the parameters of stressed electromagnetic systems is mechanical strength. The application of superconducting coils has a number of additional limitations, for example, on the maximum magnetic field strength in the cross section of the coils. The problems of optimizing the dimensions of the electromagnetic system of a power unit consisting of two identical, coaxial, annular coils of rectangular cross section with opposing currents are investigated with allowance for strength and magnetic field limitations. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 67, 124–127 (May 1997)     

140 GHz菱形微带曲折线慢波 结构行波管的模拟计算

提出了一种新型的菱形微带曲折线慢波结构。该结构可适用于低电压、宽带宽、中等功率水平的高效率毫米波行波管。和传统的慢波结构相比,微带曲折线是一种平面结构,因此其加工工艺可采用2维微细加工技术。该结构可以用带状电子束进行注-波互作用,并且不需要额外的电子束通道。给出了菱形微带曲折线慢波结构在140 GHz的色散曲线和注-波互作用模拟分析。研究结果显示:在输入功率为40 mW,带状电子束的电流和工作电压分别为90 mA和7 kV的条件下,该微带曲折线行波管可以获得数十W功率输出,互作用效率可达14.3%,瞬时3 dB带宽为18 GHz(132～150 GHz)。     

Introducing a domain flexing function in the Jiles–Atherton hysteresis model

The Jiles-Atherton hysteresis model (J–A model) exhibits a certain unphysical behavior when magnetic excitation reaches or reverses from the extremity of the hysteresis loop. Introducing a domain flexing function, coherent with the magnetic excitation level, improves accuracy of the J–A hysteresis model and at the same time prevents its unphysical behavior. Moreover, applying this function also improves representation of inner (lower excitation level) hysteresis loops. Implementation of magnetic excitation dependence in the domain flexing function adds a valuable parameter to the J–A original model on the way towards its further optimization. In the proposed hysteresis model, genetic algorithms are used in parameters optimization.     

Parametric instability of a cantilever beam subjected to two electromagnetic excitations: Experiments and analytical validation

An electromagnetic device, acting like a spring with alternating stiffness, has been designed to parametrically excite the cantilever beam. However, only one parametric excitation (induced by one electromagnetic device) was considered in current research, and the effects of the design parameters of the device upon the instability were studied inadequately. Actually, multiple parametric excitations with various phases and amplitudes would bring significant impacts to the system instability. The electromagnetic device with various design parameters could cause the unstable regions to change evidently. Thus, the parametric instability of a cantilever beam subjected to two electromagnetic excitations is studied experimentally and analytically in the paper. The governing equations for the beam system are established utilizing the assumed mode method, and then verified through a DC current test. Based upon these, the instability experiments for the cantilever beam with one or two electromagnetic excitations are conducted in detail. Two design parameters of the device (magnet spacing and device location) are investigated, respectively, for their effects upon the instability regions. When two electromagnetic devices operate together to bring two parametric stiffness excitations with various phases and amplitudes to the cantilever beam, the variations of both simple and combination instability regions with coil current are observed and discussed. The above experimental results are all found to agree well with the analytical ones.     

Network characterization of acoustic boundary-value problems

By utilizing an analogy with electromagnetic theory, a transmission-line representation is derived for acoustic waves in a lossless, isotropic medium. The results are used to construct a general network for a planar welded interface that tightly binds two different media. Equivalent networks for a large class of boundary conditions at a planar interface are then obtained by means of straightforward simplifications of the general equivalent network.     

System Identification Models of the Equivalent Permittivity for Rain Medium

The dielectric constant for rain medium is investigated by utilizing the system identification method. The rain rate model and frequency model of permittivity in millimeter waves band for rain medium are presented. The results obtained with models are in very good agreement with references in calculating the attenuation of electromagnetic waves induced by rain, which Shows that the obtained models are valid and practicable. The cross-polar discrimination gotten with rain rate model is in agreement with references.