基于共振增强多光子电离技术的慢电子速度影像应用

利用激光共振增强多光子电离技术，我们既可以观察中性物种激发态的振动结构也可以获得相应正离子的高分辨电子能谱。采用自行研制的双静电透镜系统对Xe原子在258.00nm激光束下的三光子电离过程展开研究，优化得到飞行时间质谱的质量分辨率(m/Δm)达到1300，慢电子速度成像的电子能量分辨率（ΔE/E）为2.4%，阈值电子能量分辨优于1 meV。在该条件下，开展了分子的电子谱研究，研究了苯的激发电子态共振增强双光子电离光谱和振动态选择的苯正离子的慢电子速度成像谱，通过对谱线归属，获得了1B2u激发态的振动序列和苯正离子的振动能级结构信息。     

对氯氟苯S_0、S_1和D_0态的实验与理论研究（英文）

本文采用共振增强多光子电离和慢电子速度成像技术研究了对氯氟苯(p-ClFPh)在中性第一激发态和阳离子基态下的几何结构和振动频率.给出了对氯氟苯S_0态的红外光谱和S_1←S_0跃迁的吸收光谱.基于单色、双色共振增强双光子电离技术,得到了对氯氟苯的跃迁激发能是36302±4 cm~(-1).通过阈值电离测量,外推得到对氯氟苯的绝热电离能为72937±8 cm~(-1).此外,通过Franck-Condon模拟,确定了S_1和D_0态的主要振动模式,并分析了对氯氟苯分子S_0S_1和S_1D_0跃迁过程中的Duschinsky振动模式混合效应.     

甲苯酚第一激发态的共振多光子电离谱

测量了间位甲苯酚和甲酚异构体混合物能量在３５１８０－３６００２ｃｍ＾－１范围的双光子共振四光子电离谱。对第一电子激发态振动带做了分析和归属，并对苯分子的不同取代对振动模的影响做了比较和分析。     

利用单光子和双光子共振电离增强He原子谐波强度

理论研究了He原子在吸收紫外光子后对高次谐波的强度的影响。结果表明：当紫外光光子能量满足He原子基态与激发态的单光子和双光子共振跃迁时,谐波强度有超过2个数量级的增强。当紫外光光子能量满足He原子基态与激发态的多光子共振跃迁时,谐波强度增强明显减弱。分析电离几率表明,单、双光子共振电离在紫外共振电离中起主要作用,因此导致谐波强度的明显增强。同时,在啁啾调频场的作用下谐波截止能量也明显延伸,可以获得一个强度较高的谐波光谱连续区。选取该谐波连续区可获得脉宽为40 as的孤立脉冲。     

6-甲基吲哚的共振多光子电离光谱分析

获得了6-甲基吲哚的单色共振多光子电离和双色共振多光子电离光谱,发现了在电子激发态的较强的CH3的转动谱线.根据理论计算对观察到的激发态光谱进行了标识,确定了更准确的电离能为60967±5cm-1.     

对氯氟苯S0, S1和D0态的实验与理论研究

本文采用共振增强多光子电离和慢电子速度成像技术研究了对氯氟苯(p-ClFPh)在中性第一激发态和阳离子基态下的几何结构和振动频率. 给出了对氯氟苯S₀态的红外光谱和S₁←S₀跃迁的吸收光谱. 基于单色、双色共振增强双光子电离技术，得到了对氯氟苯的跃迁激发能是36302±4 cm^-1. 通过阈值电离测量，外推得到对氯氟苯的绝热电离能为72937±8 cm^-1. 此外，通过Franck-Condon模拟，确定了S₁和D₀态的主要振动模式，并分析了对氯氟苯分子S₀&S₁和S₁&D₀跃迁过程中的Duschinsky振动模式混合效应.     

乙基苯的振动光谱和量化计算

用单色双光子共振电离方法研究了乙基苯的第一激发态的振动光谱. 从基态跃迁到第一激发态的带源位置出现在37586 cm^-1处.获得的第一激发态振动光谱超过了2000 cm^-1,并观察到了几个乙基取代基的扭转振动和与苯相似的正则振动. 同时,用含时密度泛函理论和单组态相互作用(CIS)方法计算了第一激发态的跃迁能量,用Hartree-Fock和CIS方法优化了基态和第一激发态分子结构,预测了振动频率. 基态和激发态结构的优化结果均显示为顺式结构,即乙基取代基的对称面垂直了苯基平面.     

邻羟基苯腈的双色共振增强多光子电离光谱及Franck-Condon模拟

在自制直线式飞行时间质谱仪上进行了双色共振增强双光子电离实验,获得了振动分辨的邻羟基苯腈的共振增强多光子电离(resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization, REMPI)光谱,结合高精度密度泛函理论计算和Franck-Condon光谱模拟,详细分析了光谱特征,发现了大量基频、泛频和组合振动,并进行了光谱归属.大部分苯环的基频振动归属为环在平面内的畸变或平面内的摇摆,这与分子激发过程中苯环的扩张有关.理论和实验结果都表明, REMPI光谱的低频段信号强,背景低,谱带少,分辨率好.随着振动频率的增加,信号向相反的方向变化.这是由于低频段光谱主要来自于低频的基频振动、少量泛频的贡献.随着振动频率增加,泛频和各种模的组合振动逐渐增多,导致了高频区谱带稠密,分辨率变差.高阶振动和多模的组合振动通常有较低的Franck-Condon因子,因此信号随频率增大逐渐变弱,信噪比变差.     

HNCO在201 nm的离子成像光解动力学:CO(X~1Σ~+)与NH(a~1△)态相关性（英文）

本文通过时间切片离子速度成像技术在201 nm附近研究了HNCO分子在S_1电子激发态的光解动力学.CO产物通过共振增强多光子电离的方法进行了选态探测,获得了CO产物的振动基态和激发态切片影像.从CO的影像得到了解离产物的能量分布和空间角分布,确定了NH(a~1△)产物的振转态分布信息.研究发现~1NH的振动分支比(v=1/v=0)随CO(v=0)转动能的增大先增大后下降,展现了~1NH与CO之间特殊的态态相关性.大约一半的可资用能分配给解离产物的平动自由度.负的各向异性参数表明HNCO的光解是个快速的直接解离过程.     

钴、钛原子激发态光电离研究

本文报道紫外区钛和钴原子共振增强多光子电离(REMPI)谱和激发态绝对光电离截面。实验上通过激光烧蚀金属样品制备中性原子,由飞行时间质谱仪检测离子产物,在298-351nm范围扫描激光波长,得到钛原子和钴原子共振增强多光子电离谱;并根据共振离子信号强度与电离激光通量关系得到原子激发态的绝对光电离截面,这些激发态电离截面的实验值在0.5-4 Mb。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.