电荷投影法在研究无限长导体薄板电荷分布规律中的应用

利用无限长均匀带电圆柱面的电荷分布规律和无限长带电直线的场强公式,采用电荷投影法推导了有限宽无限长带电导体的面电荷分布规律.根据电势叠加原理推导了电势积分式,利用场强与电势之间的关系推导了电场强度两个分量的积分式.将公式无量纲化,通过数值积分计算了电势和场强的分量之值.通过作图,显示了有限宽无限长带电导体薄板的电势和场强,画出了二维等势线和电场线,充分显示了场强的分布规律.     

相互作用能、势能以及极化状态改变作功

指出在一般教学参考书中给出的静电场互作用能公式，仅仅是电势能公式，两个带电物体间的相互作用能，除了势能以外，还应包括由于相互极化导致物体极化导致物体状态改变所作的功和外电源提供的能量，本导出了两个带电物体间相互作用能的普遍公式。     

无限远与大地等电势的条件

要确定静电场中某一点的电势大小,必须首先选定一个电势参考点(电势零点).在一个问题中,一般只选一个参考点.然而,在处理包含接地导体带电系统的问题中,往往同时使用无限远与大地两个参考点,不加证明地将无限远与大地看作等电势.典型的例子是图(一)所表示的两个同心放置的导体球A和B.A球半径为R1,B球壳的内、外半径分别为R2和R3.B球带电为Q,A球接地,求B球的电势. 本题常见的作法是把无限远的电势作为零,同时又承认接地导体的电势也为零,得出内球带电量然而,认为无限远和大地的电势同时为零的理由并不是显而易见的,有必要加以说明. 图(…     

格林互易定理

格林互易定理在研究静电场的互易性和解决某些静电场问题时是很有用处的.它的内容很简明:在线性介质中,设有一个静电独立的[1]n 1导体系统,0号导体为参考导体,!号(i=1,2,…,n)导体所带电荷为Qi,电势为vi;此同一导体系统的另一种带电方式如果是i号(i=1,2,…,n)导体所带电荷为Qi,电势为Vi,则在这两种带电方式的电荷与电势之间必有关系式存在。它的证明方法比较多,有的从导体系统的两种带电状态的能量之差只与这两种带电状态本身有关,而与由一种带电状态如何过渡到另一种带电状态的具体方式无关进行证明[1],也有的是先证明它对点电荷系统成立…     

用电势能法求带电细圆环与导体球的作用力

本文用电动力学中的镜像法,利用Mathematica软件计算了当导体球的球心在带电细圆环的轴线上时,在均匀带电细圆环作用下处于静电平衡的导体球外空间的电势,同时绘出导体球外空间的电势分布图像;再运用电势能与电场力的关系求出带电细圆环与导体球的相互作用力,并绘出电场力随距离变化的图像.     

关于《有限长带电导体直线的电荷分布》的商榷

本文指出了一篇文献中有限长带电直线导体的电荷分布线密度公式的错误,用多种方法证明了带电线段的电荷分布是均匀的.推导了均匀带电线段的等势线方程和电场方程,证明带电线段就是等势线,电场线与线段垂直.证明了线段外的电势满足三维拉普拉斯方程,从而证明均匀带电线段是导体.     

两球形带电导体周围的静电场

运用重复电象法讨论两球形带电导体周围的静电场 ,导出其电势及导体表面电荷面密度 ,计算两导体系统的电容     

两圆柱形带电导体周围的静电场

运用配置法讨论两无限长平行圆柱形带电导体周围的静电场 ,导出其电势及导体表面的电荷面密度 ,计算两导体系统的单位长度电容     

用双极坐标求解带电导体圆柱和无限大接地导体平板间的电势

利用双极坐标求解了带电导体圆柱和无限大接地导体平板间的电势分布,并对带电导体圆柱表面的电荷分布及无限大接地导体平板表面的电荷分布作了讨论.     

关于电压、电势和电势差概念的理解

文章讨论了稳定涡旋电场中导体上的电压,并把该情况及似稳条件下导体上的"电势""电势差"与静电场中的电势、电势差作了比较。结果表明:只存在静电场时,空间任一点有电势,两点间有电势差;存在涡旋电场时,在一定条件下(形成稳定电流和似稳电流时)在导体上任一点有"电势",只在由导体连接着的两点间有"电势差"。当电场为只由静止电荷激发的静电场,此时一点的电势值与零点的选择有关,电势差与积分路径无关;当电场为全部电场中的保守场部分时,一点的"电势"值与零点的选择有关,"电势差"也与积分路径无关。两点间电势差是单位正电荷从一点经任意路径移到另一点时外力克服静电力做功而增加的能量,即静电势能的增量;两点间"电势差"是单位正电荷从导体上任一点经导体中的任意路径移到另一点时获得的(净)能量,是外力所做的功除去发热剩余的能量,数值上恰等于静电势能的增量。     

等离子环境中带电体能量的Collin变分

基于系统性电磁兼容的考虑，对等离子环境中在轨航天器导体充放电现象中的能量特征进行了变分研究.通过电磁Collin原理，对等离子环境中导体系统几何尺度与所带电能的变分联系进行了理论分析.在此基础上，推广了更具一般性的数值估值分析方法，并对复杂导体系统电磁参数、等离子环境特征与系统能量间的关系进行了实例分析.研究结果对于等离子环境中复杂带电体的能量控制及相关的电磁环境效应与防护等研究具有积极意义.     

与象电荷有关的能量和互作用力问题

指出与象电荷有关的系统的互能、互作用力和真实电荷系统的互能、互作用力分别相等,自能、有一般分别不等。     

炸药水下爆炸能量输出特性试验研究

为了解炸药水中爆炸能量的输出特性,特别是冲击波能随距离的衰减规律,对有效比冲能进行了研究。经过理论推导发现,传统的有效比冲能计算公式仍然满足相似律。TNT炸药水下爆炸试验结果表明,炸药的有效比冲能、比气泡能和总能量的测量结果与经验公式计算结果吻合较好。通过对试验结果进行分析,拟合得到了有效比冲能随距离变化的趋势线。对比经验公式结果,发现在小药量试验中冲击波能随距离的衰减更明显。     

高电荷态离子40Arq+与Si表面作用中的电子发射产额

报道了在兰州重离子加速器国家实验室电子回旋共振离子源原子物理实验平台上，用高电荷态⁴⁰Ar^q+(1≤q≤12)离子作用于半导体Si固体表面时的电子发射产额实验测量.实验中，通过改变炮弹离子的电荷态和引出电压选取其不同的势能和动能，系统地研究了入射离子势能沉积和与其在固体中的电子能损对表面电子发射产额的贡献.结果表明，作为引起表面电子发射的两个主要因素，单离子的电子发射产额与炮弹离子在固体表面的势能沉积和电子能损都有近似的正比关系.     

Interaction of moderately reactive molecules with organic superhalogens: a theoretical perspective

The interaction of four moderately reactive molecules (MRMs), benzene (BZ), water, ammonia and silicon dioxide, with three aromatic organic superhalogens (OSHs) has been investigated at the density functional theory (DFT) level. The strength of the interaction is analysed from the distortions in the structures of both the MRMs and OSHs after complexation and the calculated binding energy (BE) values between the two interacting moieties. The interaction becomes stronger as we move from BZ to H₂O to NH₃ and strongest for SiO₂ molecule. Contributions from different terms in total interaction energy have been examined by energy decomposition analysis (EDA). The charge flow values between MRMs and OSHs, and Mulliken spin density localised on the moderately reactive molecules have been evaluated to ensure whether the interaction is ionic or not. Atoms in Molecules (AIM) analysis has been performed to characterise the bonds formed between the two. Overall, our study gives a comprehensive account of the interaction between the moderately reactive molecules and three theoretically designed aromatic organic superhalogens, which will further motivate researchers in the field of superhalogen chemistry.     

用抛物柱坐标求解两共焦抛物板间的电势和电场

利用抛物柱坐标求解两共焦抛物柱板间的电势和电场分布,并对抛物柱板的电荷密度分布作了讨论.     

Wigner crystal in snaked nanochannels: Outlook

We study properties of Wigner crystal in snaked nanochannels and show that they are characterized by a conducting sliding phase at low charge densities and an insulating pinned phase emerging above a certain critical charge density. We trace parallels between this model problem and the Little suggestion for electron transport in organic molecules. We also show that in the presence of periodic potential inside the snaked channel the sliding phase exists only inside a certain window of electron densities that has similarities with a pressure dependence of conductivity in organic conductors. Our studies show emergence of dynamical glassy phase in a purely periodic potential in the absence of any disorder that can explain enormously slow variations of resistivity in organic conductors. Finally we discuss the KAM concept of superfluidity induced by repulsive Coulomb interaction between electrons. We argue that the transition from the sliding KAM phase to the pinned Aubry phase corresponds to the superfluid-insulator transition.     

Chemical bonding and lithium ion conductions in Li3N

Electronic states of Li ions during the ionic jumps in the Li₃N crystal was discussed on the basis of the first principle molecular orbital calculations. The movements of the Li ions were simulated by several model clusters with different positions of the moving cation. The net charge of the moving Li ion and the total bond overlap population between the moving Li ion and the other ions were used for discussion of chemical bonding of the moving Li ion. Furthermore we have estimated the local cluster energy (LCE) to compare the energy change in the different moving path of the Li ion. The total bond overlap population of the moving Li ion along the conduction path changed smaller than those of the other paths. On the other hand, the changes of the net charges of the moving Li ions were similar in any paths. The change of the LCE in the model cluster of the conduction path was much smaller than that in another model cluster. As the results, the smaller change of the total bond overlap population of the moving Li ions played an important role for the fast ion movement in the Li ion conductors, rather than the change of the net charge of the moving Li ions. This bonding state of the moving Li ions is one of the characteristics of the electronic state in Li ion conductors.     

Anomalous Effects of “Guest” Charges Immersed in Electrolyte: Exact 2D Results

We study physical situations when one or two “guest” arbitrarily-chargedbreak particles are immersed in the bulk of a classical electrolyte modelled by a Coulomb gas of pm unit point-like charges, the whole system being in thermal equilibrium. The models are treated as two-dimensional with logarithmic pairwise interactions among charged constituents; the (dimensionless) inverse temperature beta is considered to be smaller than 2 in order to ensure the stability of the electrolyte against the collapse of positive-negative pairs of charges. Based on recent progress in the integrable (1+1)-dimensional sine-Gordon theory, exact formulas are derived for the chemical potential of one guest charge and for the asymptotic large-distance behavior of the effective interaction between two guest charges. The exact results imply, under certain circumstances, anomalous effects such as an effective attraction (repulsion) between like-charged (oppositely-charged) guest particles and the charge inversion in the electrolyte vicinity of a highly-charged guest particle. The adequacy of the concept of renormalized charge is confirmed in the whole stability region of inverse temperatures and the related saturation phenomenon is revised.