Medium-Range Order Structure and Fragility of Superheated Melts of Amorphous CuHf Alloys

The structural factors of amorphous CuHf alloys at different temperatures are determined by using a high temperature x-ray diffractometer. It is found that not only the short-range order structure but also the medium-range order structure exists in amorphous CuHf alloys. The dynamic viscosities of CuHf alloy melts are measured by a torsional oscillation viscometer. The fragility of superheated melts of CuHf alloys is calculated based on the viscosity data. The experimental results show that the glass-forming ability of the CuHf alloys is closely related to the fragility of their superheated melt. The relationship between the medium-range order structures and the fragility of superheated melts has also been established in amorphous CuHf alloys. In contrast to the fragility of supercooled liquids, the fragility of superheated liquids promises a better approach to reflecting the dynamics of glass forming liquids.     

高温金属熔体黏度突变探索

高温金属熔体的黏度是衡量液态金属动力学性质的一个重要指标,是高温金属熔体的基本物理性能之一.熔体的黏度在表征脆性系数、金属玻璃形成能力的大小和液-液相变现象方面起关键性作用.本文在介绍高温金属熔体黏度测量方法的基础上,综合评述了单质、二元和多元合金黏度随温度的变化规律和黏度突变特征,分析了黏度突变研究的物理意义,并指出高温金属熔体黏度今后研究的发展方向。     

Liquid-Liquid Structure Transition in Metallic Melts： Experimental Evidence by Viscosity Measurement

Temperature dependence of viscosity for more than ten kinds of metallic melts is analysed based on viscosity measurements. An obvious turning point is observed on the Arrhenius curves. Since viscosity is one of the physical properties sensitive to structure, its discontinuous change with temperature reveals the possible liquidliquid structure transition in the metallic melts. Furthermore, an integrated liquid structure transition diagram of the Sn-Bi system is presented. The universality of liquid-liquid structure transition is also discussed simply.     

大块金属玻璃Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5的流变行为研究

采用静态拉伸方法在连续升温条件下动态地测量了大块金属玻璃Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5（Vit1）的黏度随温度的变化关系.在应变速率与温度的关系曲线中，观测到了与玻璃转变和晶化过程相联系的多个应变速率峰.在玻璃转变温度Tg以上，大块金属玻璃Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5的过冷液体呈现Newton流体特征，其黏度与温度的关系符合Vogel Fulcher-Tammann (VFT)关系式，拟合得到脆度D*＝36，VFT温度T0＝319K，脆度参数m＝30，这说明Zr41T 关键词： 大块金属玻璃 应变速率 剪切黏度 自由体积     

The relationship between viscosity and glass forming ability of Al-(Ni)-Yb alloy systems

The dynamic viscosity of Al-Yb and Al-Ni-Yb superheated melts was measured using a torsional oscillation viscometer. The results show that the temperature dependence of viscosity fits the Arrhenius law well and the fitting factors are calculated. The amorphous ribbons of these alloys were produced by the melt spinning technique and the thermal properties were characterized by using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). E (the activation energy for viscous flow), which reflects the change rate of viscosity, has a good negative relation with the GFA in both Al-Yb and Al-Ni-Yb systems. However, there is no direct relation between liquidus viscosity (ηL) and GFA. The superheated fragility M can predict GFA in Al-Yb or Al-Ni-Yb alloy system.     

Viscosity of liquid metal suspensions — experimental approaches and open issues

Knowing the viscosity of metal melts with suspended particles is necessary to interpret experimental results and to simulate fluid flow in such materials. At present, reliable viscosity data is only available for pure metals and alloys. In order to study the viscosity behavior of metal melts with suspended solid particles in detail, samples with defined particle amounts are needed. Various methods of incorporating particles into the metallic melts were evaluated, and viscosity was experimentally determined using an oscillating cup technique. It was shown that solid particles in suspension change the melts’ viscosities dramatically, far beyond the effects expected from normal colloidal rheology.     

General equation describing viscosity of metallic melts under horizontal magnetic field

Viscosities of pure Ga, Ga_(80)Ni_(20), and Ga_(80)Cr_(20) metallic melts under a horizontal magnetic field were investigated by a torsional oscillation viscometer. A mathematical physical model was established to quantitatively describe the viscosity of single and binary metallic melts under a horizontal magnetic field. The relationship between the viscosity and the electrical resistivity under the horizontal magnetic field was studied, which can be described as η_B = η +(2H/πΩ)B~2(η_B is the viscosity under the horizontal magnetic field, η is the viscosity without the magnetic field, H is the height of the sample,? is the electrical resistivity, and B is the intensity of magnetic field). The viscosity under the horizontal magnetic field is proportional to the square of the intensity of the magnetic field, which is in very good agreement with the experimental results. In addition, the proportionality coefficient of ηB and quadratic B, which is related to the electrical resistivity,conforms to the law established that increasing the temperature of the completely mixed melts is accompanied by an increase of the electrical resistivity. We can predict the viscosity of metallic melts under magnetic field by measuring the electrical resistivity based on our equation, and vice versa. This discovery is important for understanding condensed-matter physics under external magnetic field.     

Cooperative shear model for the rheology of glass-forming metallic liquids

A rheological law based on the concept of cooperatively sheared flow zones is presented, in which the effective thermodynamic state variable controlling flow is identified to be the isoconfigurational shear modulus of the liquid. The law captures Newtonian as well as non-Newtonian viscosity data for glass-forming metallic liquids over a broad range of fragility. Acoustic measurements on specimens deformed at a constant strain rate correlate well with the measured steady-state viscosities, hence verifying that viscosity has a unique functional relationship with the isoconfigurational shear modulus.     

Structure and properties of some glass-forming liquid alloys

Some physical properties (kinematic viscosity, surface tension and magnetic susceptibility) of some Fe-based metallic melts of easily glass-forming alloys have been measured during heating and subsequent cooling. The results indicate that molten liquid metallic alloys undergo a number of structural transformations ranging from the initial microheterogeneous state formed after melting up to the true solution state. Studies by small angle neutron scattering on a eutectic SnPb melt confirm this conclusion in that two families of different sizes have been seen, one in the range 1 to 2 nm and one of size larger than 100 nm. Both kind of particles have relatively sharp interfaces and the size of the smaller particles is found to depend on temperature. Received 25 February 1999 and Received in final form 28 October 1999     

The relationship between kinetic and thermodynamic fragilities in metallic glass-forming liquids

The correlation between the temperature dependence of the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of a series of metallic glass-forming liquids is investigated using the concept of fragility. The results indicate a correlation between the kinetic fragility and thermodynamic fragility in these liquids. The correlation depends critically on the approach used to evaluate the thermodynamic fragility. Two distinct correlation lines are found for the metal–metalloid and for the all-metallic-constituents glass-forming liquids. For the same thermodynamic fragility the metal–metalloid liquids exhibit a distinctively larger kinetic fragility than the pure-metallic liquids. From the evaluation of the Gibbs free-energy difference between the undercooled liquid and the crystalline phase mixture, a correlation between the kinetic fragility and the driving force for nucleation is found, showing that for glass formation in metallic alloys the thermodynamic and kinetic contributions act together.