基于量子照明的导航测距方案

针对以往脉冲纠缠测距方案对光子损耗十分敏感的特点及量子干涉法测距中利用光路延迟测距时难以实现远距离传输的问题,利用量子压缩效应来提升时延估计精度,同时还提出一种基于量子照明原理的非经典纠缠导航测距方案,对目标存在的回波信号进行统计判断,从而确定距离参数。在相干探测的基础上,分别研究了相干态、热态和压缩态等3种高斯量子态的统计特性,并对量子照明测距方案中经典相干态与双模压缩真空态的信号检测性能进行了理论分析和数值模拟实验。结果表明,相较于传统测距方法,利用量子信号压缩和纠缠特性的方法能有效提高导航测距的距离分辨率,性能上优于经典方案,且在噪声光子数较多时具有更强的抗环境干扰能力。     

单光子纠缠态的纠缠转移和量子隐形传态

使用光学分束器和单光子源，利用单光子态和真空态制备出了纠缠单光子态.利用光学分束器作用和单光子探测，实现了三个通讯伙伴之间的纠缠转移.提出了一个关于纠缠单光子态的量子隐形传态方案.在这个方案中，被传送的是一个未知的单光子纠缠态.通讯双方使用的量子信道是两个单光子纠缠态.通过使用分束器作用和对输出态进行光子测量以及在经典信息的帮助下，纠缠转移和量子隐形传态的过程被完成.     

电子自旋辅助实现光子偏振态的量子纠缠浓缩

量子纠缠浓缩可以将非最大的纠缠态转变为最大纠缠态,提高量子通信的安全性.本文基于圆偏振光和量子点-腔系统的相互作用,用一个单光子作为连接远距离纠缠光子对的桥梁,在理想条件下实现了光子偏振纠缠态的浓缩.计算结果显示,这个纠缠浓缩方案在考虑耦合强度和腔泄漏的情况下也可以保持较高的保真度,而且不需要知道部分纠缠态的初始信息,也不必重复执行纠缠浓缩过程.这不仅提高了量子纠缠浓缩的安全性,也有助于通过消耗最少的量子资源来实现高效的量子信息处理.     

与两等同Bell态纠缠原子相互作用光场的量子场熵

利用全量子理论,并通过数值计算,研究了初始处于Fock态的单模光场与两等同双能级纠缠原子单光子共振相互作用过程中单模光场量子场熵的时间演化特性.结果发现:当两原子初始处于第一种Bell态时,光场量子场熵的时间演化周期为π/g2(2n+1);随着初始光强的增大,光场与原子之间的量子纠缠现象减弱;特别是当时间t为演化周期的整数倍时,场－原子系统处于退纠缠状态.当两原子初始处于第二种Bell态时,光场量子场熵不随时间变化,恒为零.当两原子初始分别处于第三种和第四种Bell态时,光场量子场熵的时间演化曲线呈现不等幅周期振荡现象;并且随着初始光场光子数的增加,光场量子场熵的振荡周期逐渐增大,但振荡幅值逐渐减小.     

基于量子测量的Fock态制备和自相位调制的影响

提出一种制备Fock态的新方案研究在包含有自相位调制的Kerr介质中两束光的相互作用,信号光场和探测光场初始处于相干态,经由非线性相互作用后演化成为纠缠态.若对探测光场的正交位相分量实行第一类量子测量,信号光场的光子数分布会受到调制.重复上述过程,发现信号光场最终演化成为一个纯的Fock态.这种制备Fock态的原理是基于互相位调制,而自相位调制则起着阻碍Fock态形成的作用.     

一种基于纠缠态的量子中继通信系统

提出了一种基于纠缠态的量子中继通信系统,该系统应用纠缠为基本资源.纠缠为量子隐形传态和绝对安全的量子通信提供了保证.量子中继器用来延长高纠缠度的纠缠光子对的纠缠距离,利用纠缠交换和纠缠纯化在系统的发信者与受信者之间建立光子对的纠缠.应用量子隐形传态的原理传输量子信息.系统分析表明,量子通信系统的吞吐率随着通信双方成功建立纠缠的概率增大而显著增加,量子信号的传输距离取决于量子中继节点的级数.     

纠缠态量子探测系统的恒虚警检测方法研究

纠缠态量子探测是将量子力学与信息科学相结合,应用在目标探测领域的一种新技术,其在灵敏度、抗干扰能力等方面具有突破传统探测技术的潜力.在雷达探测领域,恒虚警检测是一项具有重要的意义和应用价值的技术.然而,对于纠缠态量子探测系统中恒虚警检测方法的研究还没有展开,本文针对这一问题,提出了一种纠缠态量子探测系统的恒虚警检测方法.该方法通过系统对噪声的实时估计,自适应调整检测门限,使得纠缠态量子探测系统在检测过程中始终保持恒定的虚警概率.仿真结果表明,所提恒虚警检测方法是正确和有效的,能够实现纠缠态量子探测系统的恒虚警检测功能.该方法提升了纠缠态量子探测系统的灵活性和适应性,为量子探测技术进一步走向实用及应用奠定了理论基础.     

由光分束器和起偏器混合产生的三模纠缠态表象

在三模Fock空间中,本文构建了一种新的三模连续变量纠缠态,它构成了一个新的量子力学表象.该态可以利用非对称光束分离器和起偏器实现.态的纠缠性通过获得其相应的施密特分解得以说明.作为该表象的一个重要应用,利用它实现了单粒子态的量子隐态传输,给出了相应的传输方案. 关键词： 三模连续纠缠态表象 有序算符内的积分技术 量子纠缠 量子隐态传输     

六光子超纠缠态制备方案

自发参量下转换对应于一种非线性光学过程, 实验上作为一种标准方法, 人们利用自发参量下转换源产生纠缠光子对. 本文考虑由自发参量下转换源产生三对纠缠光子的情况. 通过使用由几组偏振光 束分束器、分束器和半波片等线性光学器件组成的量子线路演化三对光子, 给出了一个高效制备 包含偏振纠缠和空间纠缠的六光子超纠缠态方案. 因为方案中包含了参量下转换源产生三对纠缠光子 的所有可能情况, 所以本方案有很高的效率. 基于弱非线性介质构建了一个量子非破坏性测量装置, 用于区分光子在两指定的空间模中的两种分布情况. 特别地, 方案中可以通过合理约束在量子非破坏性测量过程中引入的非线性强度来达到实际实验所限定的数量级, 因此, 该方案易于在实验上实现.     

基于纠缠相干态的量子照明雷达

量子照明雷达旨在利用量子光场探测热噪声环境下低反射率目标是否存在.发射光源的纠缠特性使其较经典雷达具有独到的探测优势.纠缠相干态(entangled coherent state, ECS)作为一类在噪声环境下纠缠鲁棒性较强的量子态,近年来在量子科学的多个领域得到广泛的应用.本文研究了基于三类不同ECS态的量子照明雷达的目标探测性能,并以双模压缩态(two-mode squeezed vacuum state, TMSV)和相干态作为基准对比和分析了三类ECS态纠缠度大小与其探测性能之间的关系.研究发现:在目标为低反射率且发射光子数远小于背景噪声的情形下,三类ECS态的探测性能优于相干态,劣于TMSV态;此外,三类ECS态的探测性能可由其纠缠度的大小来决定.在其他照明条件下,使用量子照明雷达进行目标探测较相干态雷达并无明显的优势,三类ECS态的探测性能与TMSV态和相干态方案并无明显联系.     

Strong chaos of fast scrambling yields order: Emergence of decoupled quantum information capsules

The information loss problem in black hole evaporation is one of fundamental issues. Its resolution requires more profound understanding of information storage mechanism in quantum systems. In this Letter, we argue that when multiple unknown parameters are stored in large entangled qudits, strong chaos generated by fast scrambling in high temperature limit yields an ordered information storage structure with decoupled quantum information capsules (QICs). A rotational isometry emerges in the quantum Fisher information metric. The isometry is expected to be observed in future experiments on cold atoms in a pure entangled state. We provide a QIC speculation of black hole evaporation.     

Diagonal entropy in many-body systems: Volume effect and quantum phase transitions

We investigate the diagonal entropy(DE) of the ground state for quantum many-body systems, including the XY model and the Ising model with next nearest neighbor interactions. We focus on the DE of a subsystem of L continuous spins. We show that the DE in many-body systems, regardless of integrability, can be represented as a volume term plus a logarithmic correction and a constant offset. Quantum phase transition points can be explicitly identified by the three coefficients thereof. Besides, by combining entanglement entropy and the relative entropy of quantum coherence, as two celebrated representatives of quantumness, we simply obtain the DE, which naturally has the potential to reveal the information of quantumness. More importantly, the DE is concerning only the diagonal form of the ground state reduced density matrix, making it feasible to measure in real experiments, and therefore it has immediate applications in demonstrating quantum supremacy on state-of-the-art quantum simulators.     

Quantum packet switching generation using correlated photons in a microring resonator system

We propose a new system of a packet of quantum bits generation using a soliton pulse within a microring resonator. A quantum gate can be formed by using a polarization control unit incorporating into the system. The random signal and idler pairs can be formed within the photon correlation bandwidth, which can be generated, and randomly form the packet quantum bits, i.e. quantum packet switching. Each random code (logic) can be performed by combining the signal and idler of each entangled photon pair via the quantum gate. Results obtained have shown that the packet of quantum logic bits can be generated using the entangled photon pairs generated by the proposed system.     

An axiomatic measure of one-way quantum information

I introduce an algorithm to detect one-way quantum information between two interacting quantum systems, i.e. the direction and orientation of the information transfer in arbitrary quantum dynamics. I then build an information-theoretic quantifier of one-way information which satisfies a set of desirable axioms. In particular, it correctly evaluates whether correlation implies one-way quantum information, and when the latter is transferred between uncorrelated systems. In the classical scenario, the quantity measures information transfer between random variables. I also generalize the method to identify and rank concurrent sources of quantum information flow in many-body dynamics, enabling to reconstruct causal patterns in complex networks.     

Quantum computation with programmable connections between gates

A new model of quantum computation is considered, in which the connections between gates are programmed by the state of a quantum register. This new model of computation is shown to be more powerful than the usual quantum computation, e.g. in achieving the programmability of permutations of N different unitary channels with 1 use instead of N uses per channel. For this task, a new elemental resource is needed, the quantum switch, which can be programmed to switch the order of two channels with a single use of each one.     

量子信息研究进展

量子信息论是经典信息论与量子力学相结合的新兴交叉学科,本综述了最子信息领域的研究进展。即包括了为人们所熟知的量子通信与量子计算领域,也包括了刚刚兴起的但却有巨大潜力的量子对策论等领域。本以介绍量子信息论的基本理论框架为主,同时也介绍了量子信息领域的实验研究进展。     

Detection of Incompatible Properties in a Double-Slit Experiment

In this work we show that, within the framework of double-slit experiment, it is possible to ascertain simultaneously more incompatible properties together with the measurement of the position of the final impact-point. A wide family of solutions is concretely found and an ideal experiment realizing such a detection is designed, relatively to the detection of two incompatible properties. In the case of three incompatible properties, general conditions for the existence of solutions are singled out and a particular family of solutions is provided.     

Nanophotonic waveguidance in quantum networks - A simulation approach for quantum state transfer

A cavity-assisted Raman process can initialize the inter-conversion of stationary spin qubits and flying photon qubits in quantum channels. The qubit transmission essentially requires the implementation of special laser fields to excite atoms at the transmitting node of the quantum cavity. The flying qubit is ultimately absorbed at the receiving node of the channel to regenerate the original spin state of the nanodot. The present paper deals with the phenomena involved in such nanophotonic waveguidance by the process of rigorous simulation, and it is reported that the results obtained by implementing suitable transmission protocol reflect well the reliable transfer/entanglement of the quantum states of the nanodot qubit.     

法拉第镜不完善对连续变量量子密钥分发系统的影响（英文）

采用连续变量量子密钥分发的纠缠模型,在反向协商情况下,研究法拉第镜不完善对系统安全密钥速率的影响.结果表明,不完善的法拉第镜会降低系统实际的密钥速率,并且降低安全通信距离,且随着法拉第镜失偏角度的增大而增大.此外,使用大的调制方差,可以降低法拉第镜不完善对系统的影响.     

Quantum computers and quantum coherence

If the states of spins in solids can be created, manipulated, and measured at the single-quantum level, an entirely new form of information processing, quantum computing, will be possible. We first give an overview of quantum information processing, showing that the famous Shor speedup of integer factoring is just one of a host of important applications for qubits, including cryptography, counterfeit protection, channel capacity enhancement, distributed computing, and others. We review our proposed spin-quantum dot architecture for a quantum computer, and we indicate a variety of first generation materials, optical, and electrical measurements which should be considered. We analyze the efficiency of a two-dot device as a transmitter of quantum information via the propagation of qubit carriers (i.e. electrons) in a Fermi sea.