基于TDLAS技术的云水含量检测系统

针对传统云水含量传感器体积大,功耗大等问题,本文基于可调谐半导体激光器吸收光谱技术,研制了一种云水含量检测系统.采用1 368.6nm分布式反馈半导体激光器作为检测光源,设计了基于TLC7528芯片的正交锁相放大器,提高了测量的稳定性和抑制噪声的能力;单板实现了激光器驱动、谐波信号处理、浓度反演功能.系统在不同浓度,不同温度下进行在线检测,实验结果表明,系统响应时间为10s左右,水含量在0~16g/m3范围内误差小于5%,在-55^+60℃条件下可正常工作.该系统体积小,检测精度高,响应速度快,性能不受温度影响,很好地满足了机载云层探测需要.     

基于1 654 nm分布反馈激光器的甲烷检测系统

基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术及波长调制技术,采用波长为1 654 nm的分布反馈激光器,结合开放式光学探头以及高灵敏度的铟镓砷光电探测器,研制了近红外甲烷气体检测系统。自主设计研发了分布反馈激光器驱动电路,主要包括模拟PID温度控制电路与电流驱动电路。其中,温度控制电路具有较高的控制精度及稳定性,长时间工作时激光器温度波动小于±0.02 ℃,温度与激光器波长呈线性变化。温度不变时,改变驱动电流可以使激光器中心波长线性变化,同时还提供了5 kHz正弦波和10 Hz锯齿波的调制信号,用于谐波检测。为了提取差分信号的一次谐波及二次谐波,研制了正交锁相放大器,一次谐波和二次谐波的提取误差分别为3.5%和5%。系统中采用的开放式光电探头通过一次反射,使有效吸收光程增加了一倍,达到了40 cm。通过对1%～5%的甲烷气体进行检测,成功提取了一次及二次谐波,得到了气体浓度与谐波信号幅值的拟合关系曲线。在更换不同输出波长的激光器后,该系统还具有检测其他气体的能力。     

基于RBF神经网络的非色散红外SF_6气体传感器

利用波段为2~20μm的电调制红外宽谱光源和中心波长为3.95μm及10.55μm的双通道热释电探测器,采用单光源双波长光路结构设计了一种新型SF6气体传感器.运用径向基函数神经网络对传感器在检测过程中因环境温度变化所带来的测量误差进行补偿,结果表明:SF6气体传感器在环境温度10~35℃、气体浓度0~0.200%范围内的检测准确度小于±1.5%FS,相对标准偏差为1.56%,可以有效消除在测量气体浓度时环境温度变化引起的非线性影响.与传统经验公式法和温度控制法相比,该方法具有良好的测量准确度和稳定性,且无需增加硬件温度补偿模块,有利于传感器的小型化和低成本设计.     

光学式低浓度甲烷气体传感器的研究

针对0.5%VOL以下的低浓度甲烷气体,设计了一种基于近红外可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱的光学式甲烷气体传感器.调谐激光器扫描甲烷气体位于1 653.72 nm处的吸收谱线,采用一次谐波"峰-平比"对气体浓度进行测量.该方案能够有效地消除激光器光强波动和其它同类光功率波动所带来的影响,通过标定后的测试实验表明传感器测量准确...     

基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱的氧气测量方法的研究

O₂是工业过程中广泛应用的重要气体, 在工业生产环境下实现O₂浓度的快速在线检测对提高燃烧效率和节能减排具有重要的意义。可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱谐波探测技术是一种具有高灵敏、高选择性、快速响应等特点的气体检测新技术,该技术利用了半导体激光器的可调谐和窄线宽特性,通过精心选择待测气体的某条吸收线可排除其他气体的干扰,实现待测气体浓度的高灵敏快速在线检测。文章以可调谐分布反馈(Distributed feedback, DFB)半导体激光器作为光源,通过波长调制方法对760 nm附近氧气某一吸收线的二次谐波信号测量,从而实现了对氧气浓度的快速在线检测。系统指标达到：检测范围0.01%～20%;检测精度0.1%;长期稳定性1%。     

相敏式激光啁啾色散光谱技术在高吸收度情况下的应用

研究了相敏式激光啁啾色散光谱法在高吸收度情况下的应用.用窄频半导体激光器作为光源,利用一工作于载波抑制模式的铌酸锂电光强度调制器调制单频激光,在单频激光两侧产生两个边频分量,并通过两边频分量产生外差干涉信号.利用外差干涉的相位波动来测量甲烷气体位于1653.7 nm附近的折射率波动,通过气体折射率与吸收系数之间的Kramers-Kronig关系计算甲烷气体浓度.传统的波长调制光谱法受限于郎伯-比尔定律,在应用于高吸收度的情况时,存在灵敏度下降的问题,甚至出现随气体浓度上升输出信号反而下降的现象.实验结果显示,相同实验条件下,波长调制光谱法的线性测量范围为38.1—1500 ppm·m,线性测量的动态范围仅为16 d B;而相敏式激光啁啾色散光谱法在很大的吸收度范围内均具有线性输出,检出限低至47.3 ppm·m,线性测量范围上限为174825 ppm·m,具有超过35 d B的动态范围.     

一种高精度中红外大气甲烷传感系统的研制

报道了一种采用中红外室温连续带间级联激光器(ICL)的高精度大气甲烷检测系统.使用的ICL激光器的发光波数范围为2 998.4~2 999.6cm-1,覆盖甲烷在2 999.06cm-1处的较强吸收峰.为增强气体吸收,采用容积为220mL、吸收光程为54.6m多通池作为气体吸收池.采用LabVIEW平台和数据采集卡,产生激光器扫描及调制信号,同时获取探测器信号并采用数字运算提取二次谐波.实验结果显示,当传感器系统的平均采样时间为3.3s时,传感器系统的阿伦方差为11.2ppbv.采用该系统对实验室内外空气中甲烷浓度进行了长时间的测量,证实该传感器系统具有较强的工程实用价值.     

颗粒物与气体浓度同步测量方法研究

针对燃煤电厂颗粒物超低浓度排放在线检测的需求,在激光散射法的基础上提出了利用光强调制技术的颗粒物浓度在线测量方法。结合波长调制技术提出了气体与颗粒物浓度同步测量的方法,同时建立了波长调制下散射光信号的数学模型。理论分析及仿真结果表明:气体浓度与归一化二次谐波幅值的峰值成正比,颗粒物浓度与消除气体吸收后的散射光信号的一次谐波幅值成正比。利用1392 nm的近红外激光器对蚊香燃烧时产生的颗粒物与水蒸气浓度进行同步测量。实验结果表明:测量的水蒸气浓度值与温湿度传感器测量值之间的偏差小于3%,颗粒物浓度的特征值与粉尘仪测量值具有高度线性关系,拟合因子为0.9973,实现了基于波长调制技术的颗粒物与气体浓度的同步测量。     

正弦相位调制型激光自混合干涉仪的实时位移测量技术

采用正弦相位调制技术与时域解调相位方法相结合,提高激光自混合干涉仪在大量程位移测量中实时测量的准确度和速度。通过在激光器外腔中放置的电光晶体调制器对光束进行正弦相位调制,采用时域解调相位方法解调干涉信号相位。同时满足了大量程位移测量过程中的速度要求以及实现干涉仪位移测量的实时性。实验上,用PI公司高分辨率的商用电动位移平台标定的结果验证了该正弦相位调制激光自混合干涉仪在百毫米级大尺度位移测量中可达到小于0.5μm的位移测量误差。对干涉仪在实时位移测量中的影响测量速度的因素进行了分析,得出了本干涉仪的测速上限。     

干涉测量用半导体激光器驱动电源

设计了一种可调制的高稳定度半导体激光器驱动电路。该电路的直流稳定度高达1.5×10-5，输出电流在0～200mA内连续可调，长时间工作（12h以上）电流变化小于1μA；在直流基础上注入100kHz～300kHz的调制电流，其调制深度为0～100mA连续可调，可实现在激光干涉测量中对光波频率和光波强度的调制。将该电路驱动的光栅外腔半导体激光器和辅助温度控制电路应用于光干涉测量技术中，得到了功率稳定、波长单一的激光输出，解决了激光器的跳模现象，完成了对远距离微小振动（纳米量级）的测量。     

Local electronic structures at selected sites of intermetallic perovskites Mn3MeX (Me=divalent metal,X=N,C)

Summary We have measured the XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) spectra on the manganese and metal MeK-edges of the intermetallic perowskites Mn₃MeX (X=N, Me=Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sn; X=C, Me=Ga, Sn) to investigate the distribution on the partial density of the empty states. The information on the local electronic structure at the two differents sites, obtained from the spectra in the first 10 eV above the onset, is discussed in terms of one-electron band model. The relative shape changes in the spectra between the different compounds are explained by the different magnitude of hybridization between the electronic states of different atoms and/or the filling of the empty band by the electrons supplied by the substituted metal. Moreover, information about the local geometrical structure has been obtained from the (10÷50) eV range of the spectra.

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Riassunto La distribuzione della densità parziale degli stati vuoti nelle perovskiti intermetalliche Mn₃MeX (X=N, Me=Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sn; X=C, Me=Ga, Sn) è stata studiata mediante spettroscopia XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) alle soglieK del Mn e del metallo Me. Le informazioni sulla struttura elettronica locale di entrambi i siti, ottenute dall’analisi dei primi 10 eV degli spettri XANES, sono discussed in termini di un modello proposto. Il cambiamento relativo della forma negli spetttri dei diversi composti è posto in relazione alla differente ibridizzazione tra stati di atomi diversi e/o dal riempimento degli stati della banda vuota con elettroni forniti dal metallo sostituente. Sono state anche ottenute informazioni sulla struttura geometrica locale analizzando gli spettri nell’intervallo da 10 a 50 eV.

     

铁原子团簇的红外与微波吸收性能

以文献［１］中提出的金属原子团簇的电子能谱和吸收光谱理论为指导，对铁原子团簇的红外与微波吸收性能进行了实验测定。实验结果证明这个理论是正确的。测试结果表明：纳米级铁原子团簇材料具有很强的红外吸收性能，微米级铁原子团簇材料具有很强的微波吸收性能，与文献［３］中的理论相符。     

非线性回归法确定差分吸收光谱缓变结构提高NO_2浓度反演精度

分析了差分吸收光谱法反演大气二氧化氮(NO2)浓度过程中任意选择缓变吸收结构表达式对反演结果的影响。传统的二氧化氮浓度反演中直接用比值光谱的低阶拟合曲线代替缓变吸收信息,阶次选择任意,数值模拟发现这种方法会给反演结果带来很大的误差(最大在40%以上)。本文提出以二氧化氮吸收截面为参考,通过对比值光谱的非线性回归,确定缓变吸收信息的表达式。此方法避免了拟合多项式选择的任意性,提高了二氧化氮浓度反演的准确性,数值模拟结果误差不超过1%,并以此获得了合理的二氧化氮浓度实测值。     

Z-scan analytical theory for material with saturable absorption and two-photon absorption

By using the Adomian decomposition method, we present the transmitted optical intensity of a nonlinear medium with the concurrence of saturable absorption (SA) and two-photon absorption (TPA) processes. We obtain the analytical expression of the open-aperture Z-scan and investigate the interplay between SA and TPA in the Z-scan trace. Through Z-scan measurements at different levels of laser intensities, both the saturable intensity and TPA coefficient could be obtained quickly yet unambiguously.     

OPTICAL LIMITING EFFECT IN TWO PHTHALOCYANINES OBSERVED BY PICOSECOND PULSED LASER

Optical limiting (OL) properties of two phthalocyanines were investigated by using picosecond laser pulses at 532nm. The relative ratios k of the absorption cross section of the first singlet excited state to that of the ground state were approximately obtained by the analysis of the experimental results in which the reverse saturable absorption model of the three-energy-level scheme was employed. A significant comparison with fullerene C₆₀ was presented for OL. The OL mechanisms have been analysed in detail.     

Role of doubled-frequency absorption in two-photon response of the Si MSM structure

The physical mechanism of two-photon response was studied in this paper by measuring characteristics of the two-photon response of the Si metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) structure sample. The two-photon response includes two-photon absorption (TPA) and doubled-frequency absorption (DFA). An experiment was designed to measure the photocurrent dependence on incident light power, the dependence of the photoelectric signal on the applied voltage and the relationship between the photoelectric current and the light-spot position. The experimental fact that two-photon response of the silicon sample is relative to the applied electric field shows that DFA is the main physical mechanism of two-photon response and establishes the foundation for fabricating high-sensitivity two-photon response Si photodetector.     

Orientation of Nd and Mn magnetic moments in a CMR Nd0.72Ba0.28MnO3 by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism

X-ray absorption and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism at Mn L_2,3- and Nd M_4,5-edges of a twinned Nd_0.72Ba_0.28MnO₃ single crystal have been performed versus temperature (between 10 and 300 K) and applied magnetic field (between 0 and 6.5 T). The results show that neodymium cations order below 70 K with the magnetic moments antiparallel to the manganese subnetwork in weak applied magnetic field (<1.5 T). For higher magnetic field, the neodymium moments turn parallel to the manganese ones showing that the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between both subnetworks is weak. The presence of a metal–insulator transition below 70 K in the studied single crystal correlated to the magnetic ordering of neodymium cations can be understood on the basis of the cation mismatch introduced by barium substitution.     

三苯胺衍生物分子非线性光学性质的理论研究

在密度泛函理论水平上,利用响应函数方法,研究了1-{(1E)-2-[4-(二苯胺基)苯基]乙烯基}-4-[4-N,N-二甲胺]苯(PVMB)和1-[(1E)-2-(4-(1E)-2-{4-[4-N,N-二甲胺]苯基}乙烯基)苯基]苯胺}苯基)乙烯基]-4-[4-N,N-二甲胺]苯(DPVMB)两分子的双光子吸收特性.计算结果表明,这两个化合物都具有较好的双光子吸收特性,且具有两分支结构的DPVMB分子比具有单支结构的PVMB分子有更强的双光子吸收强度.计算数值结果和实验结果符合地较好.     

用表面热透镜技术测量1315nm高反射硅镜弱吸收的研究

 运用表面热透镜技术精确测量了1315nm高反射硅镜的弱吸收,判断引起吸收的原因,从而为工艺上减少吸收降低损耗提供了保证。     

A model comparison of the absorption coefficient of a Microperforated Insertion Unit in the frequency and time domains

The absorption coefficient of acoustic materials can be measured either in the frequency or the time domain. At normal incidence, a sample of the material is fitted within an impedance tube and the absorption coefficient is calculated in the frequency domain from the measurement of the transfer function between two microphones [ISO 10534-2. Acoustics - determination of sound absorption coefficient and impedance in impedance tubes - Part 2: transfer function method. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland; 1996]. When the acoustic material must be characterized at oblique incidence or in situ (noise barriers, for instance) the absorption coefficient is calculated from measurements of the loudspeaker-microphone impulse response in the time domain, both in free field and in front of the sample [CEN/TS 1793-5. Road traffic noise reduction devices - test method for determining the acoustic performance - Part 5: intrinsic characteristics - in situ values of sound reflection and airborne sound insulation. CEN, Brussels, Belgium; 2003, ISO 13472-1. Acoustic measurement of sound absorption properties of road surfaces in situ - Part I: extended surface method. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland; 2002]. Since the absorption is an intrinsic property of the acoustic material, its measurement in either domain must provide the same result. However, this has not been formally demonstrated yet. The aim of this paper is to carry out a comparison between the absorption coefficient predicted by the impedance model of a Microperforated Insertion Unit and the absorption coefficient predicted from a simulated reflection trace taken into account the finite length of the time window.