基于扫描光纤激光器的光纤传感解调仪研究

介绍了一种基于扫描光纤激光器的光纤传感解调系统.采用氰化氢（HCN）气体吸收池作为波长参考基准,采用三次多项式拟合的方法来确定光纤F- P可调谐滤波器的波长与驱动电压的对应关系,可调谐滤波器扫描过程中对扫描电压、多路光谱信号进行同步采样,实时标定.实验结果表明,该解调系统在1 510 nm到1 590 nm波长范围内对FBG反射峰值波长的分辨率为1.4 pm,长期波长重复性达到3.2 pm.利用该系统实现了对FBG反射峰值波长和光纤EFPI传感器腔长的高准确度解调.     

高速大容量光纤光栅解调仪的研究

采用半导体光放大器和可调谐法布里-珀罗滤波器,以环路结构组成高速扫描激光器,结合光耦合器、光环路器和光电二极管等,形成4通道大容量高速光纤光栅解调仪。系统采用2kHz的类三角波调制信号,驱动法布里-珀罗滤波器在50nm的光谱范围内进行快速扫描。通过引入光纤梳状滤波器和单峰滤波器组成的参考通路,消除法布里-珀罗滤波器的非线性效应和扫描波长漂移问题,使得解调仪具有很好的稳定性和线性度。高速光纤光栅解调仪的稳定性为2pm,分辨率为1pm,线性度为0.99957,测量精度为5pm,解调频率为2kHz。     

基于宽谱光源的光纤传感波长解调系统的研究

研究制作了基于宽谱光源的光纤传感波长解调系统, 以多光纤光栅作为波长参考基准、采用可调谐光纤法布里-珀罗(F-P)滤波器作为波长扫描器件。系统中采用三次多项式拟合的方法对滤波器锯齿波的扫描电压与透射波长关系曲线进行非线性拟合, 解决可调谐光纤F-P滤波器的电压—波长非线性关系对系统测量带来的较大误差问题, 实现波长的高精度解调。采用五光纤光栅做波长参考, 单根光纤光栅传感器的解调实验结果表明：待测光纤光栅布拉格波长短期测量分辨率为3.5 pm, 长期测量稳定性为7 pm。采用该系统对光纤非本征法布里-珀罗干涉型(EFPI)应变传感器的测试结果表明, 测量应变灵敏度为2.41 nm/με, 并且应变和波长之间存在良好的线性关系, 线性相关度达到0.99991。     

基于DFB激光器的光纤光栅温度检测

波长解调技术是光纤光栅传感技术的关键,提出了一种建立在波长可调谐DFB激光器技术上的波长解调方法,通过线性控制DFB激光器管芯温度达到调谐DFB激光器输出波长。通过实验和分析,得出了激光器调谐波长与管芯温度的对应关系,在此基础上,建立了光纤光栅温度检测系统,系统温度检测误差在1℃范围内,实验结果表明,采用波长调谐进行光纤光栅温度检测的方法,在一定的温度检测范围内具有良好的应用效果。     

可调谐法布里-珀罗滤波器的高精度大范围实时定标

将乙炔(C2H2)气体的吸收光谱作为标准波长参考,对可调谐光纤法布里-珀罗滤波器进行波长实时定标,使解调系统的测量精度提高到1 pm.根据可调谐光纤法布里-珀罗滤波器谐振波长的周期性,提出了大波长范围的波长定标方法,从而可以在1525～1615 nm的范围内对可调谐光纤法布里-珀罗进行精确定标,实现了高精度大波长范围的信号探测.相比于传统的以光纤光栅作为波长参考的定标方法,该方法的测量精度、测量范围、系统运行可靠性都大为改善.     

基于可调谐滤波器的带中心波长自动跟踪光纤光栅动态波长解调技术的研究

研究了基于可调谐滤波器(TOF)的带中心波长自动跟踪光纤光栅动态波长解调技术。实验表明,解调仪特别适合在传感FBG(fiber Bragg grating)存在大幅度静态波长变化时对微幅度动态波长变化进行检测,动态波长检测分辨率为0.007pm/Hz。上电时,TOF对中心波长为1292.50~1308.50nm范围内的光纤光栅具有自动跟踪的能力,克服了TOF不稳定对系统的影响。     

基于色散补偿光纤的高速光纤光栅解调方法

本文提出并论证了一种光纤光栅高速解调的新方法, 利用色散补偿光纤的色散效应, 将光纤光栅的波长漂移信息转换成时域信息. 采用脉冲激光器作为光源, 仅需一个光脉冲可获取单根光纤上所有光纤光栅的反射光脉冲, 再根据各个光栅反射回光脉冲的延时变化即可实现波长的解调. 本方法可用于准分布光纤光栅传感网络解调, 系统采用全光纤结构, 无需波长扫描, 大大提高了解调速度. 本文搭建了测试系统进行实验验证, 对3个光纤光栅组成的准分布式传感网络进行了解调, 实验结果表明, 解调出的光纤光栅布喇格波长线性度好, 解调速度最高可达1 MHz, 采样数据取10次平均后解调线性度可达0.9969, 解调误差约为27.8 pm.     

分布式光纤布拉格光栅解调系统

提出并实现了一种可满足工程实用要求的分布式光纤布拉格光栅解调系统。该系统通过可调谐光纤F-P滤波器的连续扫描实现波长信号的解调。该传感系统扫描带宽50nm,单点工作带宽5nm,对一股应用系统每根单纤可设20∽30个点,分辨力5pm。     

扫描激光器型光纤光栅解调仪设计

设计了一种扫描激光器型光纤光栅波长解调仪,采用滑动平均滤波方法拟合光纤布拉格光栅反射谱,基于扫描激光器输出的同步触发信号与波长对应性,计算得到光纤布拉格光栅反射谱的中心波长,简化了解调过程。相比传统的宽带光源解调方法,降低了解调的复杂度和不稳定性,实现对布拉格波长的高精度、快速解调。实验结果表明,解调仪对光纤布拉格光栅波长的解调稳定性可达±2pm,温度与波长变化的线性度达到0.9984,温度测量误差小于0.5℃,能够满足实际应用的需要。     

基于扫描激光器的边孔光纤光栅温度压力传感系统

研究了一种基于波长扫描激光器的光纤温度压力测量系统.光纤传感头为边孔光纤光栅,利用其特有的双折射特性产生双反射峰,以实现对温度和压力的同时测量.系统采用嵌入式开发技术,将激光波长扫描、光谱数据采集和以牛顿最小二乘法为核心的光栅解调算法高度整合于一体,极大降低了光纤传感系统的体积与成本.实验结果表明,在温度10~50℃、压力0~1.2 MPa时,双反射峰对应温度与压力的变化均呈现良好的线性响应特性;系统的波长解调准确度可达1pm,温度及压力的分辨率分别达到0.1℃和0.1 MPa.该系统可为温度、压力的参量测量提供低成本、小型化、性能可靠的解决方案.     

Dynamic strain monitoring by wavelength locking between two fiber Bragg gratings fiber sensing system

We demonstrated a fiber sensing system using the method of wavelength locking of two identical fibers Bragg gratings (FBG) to interrogate the wavelength shift by directly measuring the intensity of the reflection from the sensing Bragg grating. The light source of the fiber sensing system is an EDFA fiber ring laser pumped by a 980 nm laser diode and a narrow bandwidth fiber Bragg grating for the filter of the ring laser resonator. The wavelength shift is converted to the intensity deviation of the reflection from the sensing FBG under strain variation, and is able to achieve real-time sensing of the dynamic strain sensing in civil engineering. The characteristics and key factors to maintain stability of the dynamic strain sensing system are discussed.     

Polymer Optical Fiber Photosensitivities and Highly Tunable Fiber Gratings

In this paper, recent progress in the investigation of photosensitivities of polymer optical fibers and the development of polymer optical fiber grating is reported. Photosensitivities in various polymer fibers, including doped and undoped, multimode and single-mode polymer fibers, have been experimentally characterized and evaluated for fiber grating application. In particular, the wavelength dependence of material absorption and photosensitivity has been found essential to the fabrication of polymer optical fiber grating. Based on the results of photosensitivity research, polymer optical fiber gratings have been successfully fabricated. More importantly, polymer optical fiber grating has been demonstrated highly tunable, with a tuning range more than 70 nm. The unique feature of high tunability in polymer optical fiber grating has great potential in various applications including optical fiber WDM systems and fiber sensor systems. Several important issues that remain to be investigated will also be discussed.     

Ytterbium-doped Y2O3 nanoparticle silica optical fibers for high power fiber lasers with suppressed photodarkening

We report efficient laser demonstration and spectroscopic characteristics of a Yb-doped Y₂O₃ (or Y₃Al₅O₁₂) nanoparticle silica fiber developed by conventional fiber fabrication technique. The spectroscopy study evidences modification in the environment of Yb ions by the Y₂O₃ nanoparticles. As a result, photodarkening induced loss is reduced by 20 times relative to Yb-doped aluminosilicate fibers. The fiber is suitable for power scaling with good laser slope efficiency of 79%.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Effects of band mixing on the radiative properties of a quantum well

The effect of band mixing and non-parabolicity on quantum well gain and spontaneous emission is studied using k.p theory. Spectra of gain and spontaneous emission are strongly modified but the relation of maximum gain versus nominal current density is not strongly affected.     

Analysis of Longitudinal Mode Suppression in a Fiber Ring Laser Containing Two Optical Filters

We report the results from the characterization and optimization of a stable erbium-doped fiber ring laser that uses two optical filters. The observed laser performance and the measured longitudinal mode patterns are presented. The influence of the combination of the two optical filters on the mode suppression is evaluated. We obtained the matched condition for operation of the optical filters that most improved the laser performance. An estimate of the relative intensity noise due to the introduction of the laser in a communication system is also presented. As a consequence of the mode suppression, a sharp laser linewidth narrowing is con firmed.     

Characterization of Fibers in an Existing Network for High Speed System (10Gb/s or Greater) Compatibility

With OC-192 communications systems being commercially available and higher bit rate systems in development, prudent telecommunications network administrators are testing their installed fibers to determine if they can be successfully used at 10 Gb/s and higher. Together with New Brunswick Telephone (NBTel), the Fiber Optics Group at UNB have tested various installed fibers and cables in the NBTel network for their losses at wavelengths of 1244, 1310, 1550, and 1625 nm, as well as for strain and polarization mode dispersion (PMD). Weather conditions, age, place of installation, and cable types have also been considered. Aging does not seem to affect the performance of the fibers. Although most fibers are high-speed system compatible when looking at attenuation measurements, about 40% of the fibers tested would not meet the 10 Gb/s OC-192 system manufacturer's design guidelines concerning PMD.     

Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor based on fiber laser

A study on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensor, based on erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser, is presented. A strain-sensing element, FBG, also acts as the lasing wavelength selecting component. When strain is applied on the FBG, the laser cavity loss changes, leading to a modification of the laser transient. Strain measurements are obtained in the time domain by simply measuring the EDF laser build-up time. Relative variation in the build-up time of up to 190%, for a strain range from 0 με to 2350 με, is achieved with a resolution corresponding to a strain of better than 2.35 με. This study demonstrates a novel fiber sensor concept and the technical feasibility to develop fiber strain measurement.     

克服闭环光纤陀螺输出信号中死区的实验

克服死区是闭环光纤陀螺设计中需要考虑的重要问题.实验表明本文采用的方法可以方便地克服死区.这是国内报道的首例克服闭环光纤陀螺输出信号中死区的实验.     

Advance of optoelectronic devices for long wavelength optical fiber communication in china

The advance of optoelectronic devices for long wavelength optical fiber communication in China is reviewed. The main features of the long wavelength semiconductor lasers and photodetectors are presented.