双面金属铝包覆介质波导测量介质厚度和折射率

利用双面金属铝包覆波导的测量方法,测量了硅片的厚度和折射率。这种方法利用双面金属铝包覆波导的超高阶模的偏振不灵敏和对金属层要求较低的特点,降低了对仪器的要求和测量的成本。同时,由于应用高灵敏的超高阶导模为探针,测量精度较高,结果显示测量精度在1%以内。     

分辨率为1pm的波长监测新方法

在亚毫米尺度金属包覆波导研究基础上，提出了一种波长监测的新方法.实验采用自由空间耦合技术，激发了波导中对波长变化十分灵敏的超高阶导模，并以此为探针，实现了1pm波长漂移的监测. 关键词： 波长监测 金属包覆波导 超高阶导模     

基于古斯-汉欣位移效应的波长传感研究

利用双面金属包覆波导在导模共振激发时对古斯-汉欣位移具有极大的增强效应来实现激光波长微小变化的监测.双面金属包覆波导由上层金膜、导波层和下层金膜组成.当导波层厚度为亚毫米尺度时,应用自由空间耦合技术使入射的激光以小角度入射,在满足相位匹配的条件下激发超高阶导模.理论研究表明,当波导的辐射损耗等于本征损耗时,反射光的侧向...     

集成光学 集成光学、波导理论

TN252 2006043277亚毫米尺度双面金属波导的超高阶模及其滤波特性研究=Research of ultrahigh-order modes in double metal-clad-ding optical waveguide with submilli meter scale[刊,中]/曹庄琪(上海交通大学物理系,导波光电子器件实验室.上海(200240)) ,陆海峰…∥光学学报.—2006 ,26(4) .—497-500利用真空溅射法在一片亚毫米尺度的光学玻璃平板两面分别镀上不同厚度的金属薄膜,构成一种超厚的双面金属包覆波导,采用自由空间耦合技术实现了这种波导中超高阶导模的激发。由于超高阶导模具有对波长特别灵敏而对偏振不灵敏的特殊性质,…     

电压调控多种金属膜波导特性研究

 采用自由空间耦合的方法,激发双面金属包覆波导中的超高阶导模,通过在双面金属包覆介质波导的两个金属膜上加不同的电压,改变导波层铌酸锂的厚度和折射率,得到不同参数下的衰减全反射谱,从而验证超高阶导模的偏振不灵敏性及对导波层厚度和折射率十分灵敏的特殊性质,实验结果与理论相吻合。比较相同条件下反射率的变化,得到铝包覆波导的灵敏度要高于金包覆波导。所得结果对集成光电子器件的研制有一定的参考价值。     

基于古斯-汉欣位移效应的波长传感研究

利用双面金属包覆波导在导模共振激发时对古斯-汉欣位移具有极大的增强效应来实现激光波长微小变化的监测.双面金属包覆波导由上层金膜、导波层和下层金膜组成.当导波层厚度为亚毫米尺度时,应用自由空间耦合技术使入射的激光以小角度入射,在满足相位匹配的条件下激发超高阶导模.理论研究表明,当波导的辐射损耗等于本征损耗时,反射光的侧向位移可达到数百微米,并且此时激发的超高阶导模对波长具有极强的色散能力.通过测量反射光的侧向位移可实现对激光波长变化的实时探测,且具有很高的灵敏度.同时,实验中探测信号只与光束位置相关,可有效避免因光源输出光强的波动带来的干扰.实验测量结果表明对激光波长在859nm附近的分辨率可达到0.2 pm.     

基于亚毫米尺度金属包覆波导的脉冲展宽

利用自由空间耦合技术,用超短脉冲激发亚毫米尺度对称金属包覆波导中的超高阶导模,提出一种脉冲展宽的新方法。由于超高阶导模的强色散性质,经过短距离的传输,即可使脉冲宽度迅速展宽。理论分析表明,1 ps的光脉冲在光波导中传输毫米量级距离后,脉冲展宽因子可达到1000倍。     

亚毫米尺度双面金属波导的超高阶模及其滤波特性研究

利用真空溅射法在一片亚毫米尺度的光学玻璃平板两面分别镀上不同厚度的金属薄膜,构成一种超厚的双面金属包覆波导。采用自由空间耦合技术实现了这种波导中超高阶导模的激发。由于超高阶导模具有对波长特别灵敏而对偏振不灵敏的特殊性质,以此为基础,在实验中演示了可调谐、偏振不灵敏、低损耗(小于0.5 dB)的超窄带(小于0.08 nm)和梳状滤波(通道间隔为100 GHz)。     

利用超高阶导模测量PMN-PT透明陶瓷二次电光系数

以亚毫米尺度的铌镁酸铅-钛酸铅(PMN-PT)透明陶瓷片为导波层制备了对称金属包覆波导,并利用自由空间耦合技术激发了波导中的超高阶导模.根据衰减全反射(ATR)峰的移动,得到了在波导两侧所施加电压与光强反射率的关系,从而计算了PMN-PT透明陶瓷片的二次电光系数.     

基于光波导技术的水中六价铬离子痕量检测

提出了一种基于对称金属包覆波导结构的光学传感器,利用该结构所激发的对导波层折射率虚部极其灵敏的超高阶导模为探针,结合二苯碳酰二肼与六价铬离子的特异性显色原理,对饮水中六价铬离子痕量进行探测.理论与实验结果表明,该分析方法的检测极限是1μg/L,达到了现行国际标准.该方法是一种需样少、耗时短、实时性好、稳定性高和价格低廉的在线检测方法.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.