飞秒径向偏振光紧聚焦实验（英文）

以飞秒激光器为光源,搭建记录测量聚焦光斑的光学实验系统,研究飞秒径向偏振光紧聚焦特性.数值模拟表明当物镜数值孔径为0.9,波长为750nm时,线偏振光和径向偏振光焦斑的最小半高全宽分别是1.3μm和1.0μm.实验中,使用全息干板作为记录介质,记录和测量微小的聚焦光斑,并通过精密电动平移台实现几十纳米量级步长的移动,获得精确焦平面处的聚焦光斑.测量结果表明,线偏振光和径向偏振光焦斑的最小半高全宽分别是4.6μm和2.9μm.在高数值孔径聚焦条件下,径向偏振光可以获得比线偏振光更细锐的聚焦光斑.     

拉盖尔高斯径向偏振光高数值孔径聚焦特性

光波在高数值孔径聚焦下焦点区域光强分布呈现出的特殊性质已经被应用到光学显微成像、微粒控制、光存储等领域中.本文基于矢量Deby衍射理论研究了TM01模拉盖尔高斯径向偏振光经高数值孔径聚焦下焦点区域光强分布.通过调节入瞳半径与光束束腰之比,发现拉盖尔高斯径向偏振光光斑由明亮尺寸小光斑变化成环形中空光斑,并且通过光瞳滤波器...     

大数值孔径光子筛偏振特性研究

根据角谱理论建立不同偏振照明条件下的光子筛矢量衍射模型。在此基础上,对入射光分别为线偏振光、径向偏振光、切向偏振光三种特殊偏振状态下的光子筛聚焦光强分布进行了模拟分析。研究结果表明,对于大数值孔径光子筛,入射光的偏振特性将对光子筛聚焦光强分布产生巨大影响。线偏振光将使聚焦光斑沿偏振方向拉伸,切向偏振光产生的聚焦光斑具有"中空"结构,而径向偏振光所产生的聚焦光斑呈较为规则的圆形,且其焦深优于线偏照明情况。在激光直写及高分辨成像等光子筛典型应用中采用径向偏振照明将进一步提高系统分辨力。     

轴对称矢量光束聚焦特性研究现状及其应用

轴对称矢量光束是一种空间非均匀偏振光束, 中心光强为零, 经物镜聚焦后能在焦点附近产生空间场分量. 在高变迹系数光学系统成像情况下, 与线偏光、圆偏光相比, 径向偏振光与光瞳滤波技术及图像复原技术结合, 能获得较小焦斑, 提高横向分辨力. 介绍了轴对称矢量光束的特性, 基于电偶极子辐射模型和矢量衍射理论研究了轴对称矢量光束经高数值孔径物镜聚焦后的特性, 系统介绍了基于轴对称矢量光束实现光斑紧聚焦的几种方法, 并简述了轴对称矢量光束在差动共焦超分辨成像领域的研究设想. 关键词： 差动共焦显微技术 紧聚焦 光瞳滤波 轴对称矢量光束     

Tight focusing properties of double-ring-shaped azimuthally polarized beam through annular high numerical aperture

基于Richards-Wolf矢量衍射积分公式,研究了双环角向偏振光束经环状高数值孔径透镜的聚焦特性,推导了双环角向偏振光束经环状透镜深聚焦的光强表达式.根据数值模拟结果,比较了相关参量的变化对深聚焦特性的影响.研究表明:入射光束经环状高数值孔径透镜聚焦后,在焦平面得到了具有广泛应用的亚波长空心光斑,并且入射光束的相关参数和聚焦透镜的数值孔径大小都会影响光束的聚焦特性,使聚焦空心光斑达到亚波长量级;双环角向偏振光束经环状高数值孔径透镜的聚焦以后,在焦平面附近产生了一个更长的焦深(约28倍入射光波长).     

基于紧聚焦方式的阵列光束相干合成特性分析

为获得高功率、波长量级尺寸的聚焦光斑,提出利用紧聚焦方式实现阵列光束相干合成的新方案.通过建立阵列光束经紧聚焦方式相干合成的物理模型,分析了阵列光束的排布方式、偏振态、束宽、间距和紧聚焦系统数值孔径等参数对合成光束特性的影响及规律.结果表明,阵列光束经紧聚焦方式合束时,线偏振及圆偏振阵列光束均能获得较好的合成效果,径向偏振阵列光束次之,而角向偏振阵列光束则不能有效地合成.通过优化阵列光束的排布方式、束宽和间距,以及合理选择紧聚焦系统的数值孔径,能在保持较好光束质量和较高合成效率的前提下获得能量集中度高的焦斑.     

双环角向偏振光束深聚焦特性

基于Richards-Wolf矢量衍射积分公式,研究了双环角向偏振光束经环状高数值孔径透镜的聚焦特性,推导了双环角向偏振光束经环状透镜深聚焦的光强表达式。根据数值模拟结果,比较了相关参量的变化对深聚焦特性的影响。研究表明:入射光束经环状高数值孔径透镜聚焦后,在焦平面得到了具有广泛应用的亚波长空心光斑,并且入射光束的相关参数和聚焦透镜的数值孔径大小都会影响光束的聚焦特性,使聚焦空心光斑达到亚波长量级;双环角向偏振光束经环状高数值孔径透镜的聚焦以后,在焦平面附近产生了一个更长的焦深（约28倍入射光波长）。     

径向偏振光三维超分辨衍射光学元件设计

针对径向偏振光入射,设计了三维超分辨衍射光学元件。对径向偏振光大数值孔径聚焦特性的分析表明,纵向分量是影响聚焦主瓣的三维光强分布的主要因素。仅考虑径向偏振光聚焦场的纵向分量,沿用线偏振光入射时三维超分辨衍射光学元件的全局优化方法,利用线性规划设计了三维超分辨的0,π结构的纯相位元件。考虑径向偏振光聚焦场的径向和纵向分量,计算了三维超分辨性能。与线偏振光的性能对比表明,尽管仅考虑聚焦场纵向分量设计的衍射光学元件不是全局最优解,但其三维超分辨性能明显优于线偏振光,证明了仅考虑径向偏振光聚焦场的纵向分量进行三维超分辨衍射光学元件优化的有效性。     

高数值孔径系统多重初级像差对高斯光束的影响（英文）

为了揭示高数值孔径光学系统在多重初级像差共同作用时受到的影响,基于衍射理论,研究了多重初级像差,特别是彗差、象散和球差对汇聚高斯光束的影响效果.通过数值模拟计算,获得了在彗差、象散和球差共同作用下,汇聚高斯光束在焦平面处光斑的光强分布,发现多重像差对聚焦光斑的影响并非各单像差影响效果的简单叠加.通过对高数值孔径光学系统激光焦斑的实际测量,发现其光强分布特点与数值模拟结果具有高度的一致性.研究结果对于评估与分析实际的光学系统具有一定的指导意义.     

聚焦径向调制Bessel-Gaussian光束实现亚波长尺寸纵向偏振光束

亚波长尺寸纵向偏振光束在粒子加速,单个分子偶极矩测量,二次谐波成像和纵向偏振共焦显微镜等方面有非常广泛的应用.本文提出径向调制的Bessel-Gaussian光束模型,经高数值孔径显微物镜聚焦可以获得高纯度的纵向偏振光束.利用矢量衍射理论数值模拟了焦点附近光强分布、磁场分布和能流密度空间分布.结果表明光斑半高全宽度可以达到0.4λ.该方法无需环形孔径或环形相位滤波器,光能利用率高,分辨率好,达到改进各种应用的效果. 关键词： Bessel-Gaussian光束 纵向偏振光束 聚焦 亚波长     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.