SBS效应对EDFA＋HD—WDM系统中光信号功率的影响

研究对含有光放大器高密度波分（或频分）复用系统中ＳＢＳ效应的信号的作用。从理论上给出透明传输条件下信号光和自发ｓｔｏｋｅｓ光的放大光稳态数学表达式,分析此条件下阈值信号输入功率的变化规律。最后分析现行光纤传输系统,给出提高系统阈值光信号输入功率的原则及方法。     

陡前沿脉冲产生的受激布里渊散射稳定性研究

受激布里渊散射转换效率及相位共轭保真度的稳定性与泵浦脉冲的前沿上升时间有关，对前沿上升时间与介质声学声子寿命接近的泵浦脉冲，在泵浦能量超过受激布里渊散射阈值较多时，会造成严重的相位共轭保真度不稳定。本文针对上升前沿时间为２ｎｓ的泵浦脉冲及声学声子寿命的１ｎｓ和ＣＣｌ４介质，在泵浦脉冲前沿根部引入缓慢上升的小信号后，采用振放双池受激布里渊散射相位共轭镜，在泵浦激光能量达到５００倍受激布里渊散射阈值时     

自激脉冲喷嘴装置试验研究

本文对自激脉冲射流喷嘴进行试验设计和数据分析,以自激频率、振幅以及打击力等作为响应函数,研究喷嘴结构与工作压力的配套关系。通过对自激频率和振幅的分析,揭示自激振荡腔内部周期性空化现象及其对自激脉冲形成的影响,从而从解释自激脉冲射流发生机理。根据试验数据,拟合打击力随参数变化的经验公式。最终得出工业应用中典型尺寸范围的自激脉冲喷嘴与自激频率及打击力的关系,为工业设计中的频域调制理论提供了试验数据。     

相敏检测调制深度对受激拉曼信号强度及信噪比影响研究

受激拉曼散射是相干拉曼散射中的一种，其产生的信号在三阶非线性效应下得到了显著地增强，且没有非共振背景的干扰，光谱与自发拉曼光谱几乎完全一致。因此，基于受激拉曼散射的显微成像技术具有无标记、高特异性、非侵入等优点，已成功运用在生物细胞成像中并取得了许多重大的成就。受激拉曼信号与激发光的波长相同，易受到激发光背景噪声的干扰，为解决该难题，常采用光学调制与相敏检测相结合的方法对其进行检测。检测过程中，调制深度对受激拉曼信号强度和信噪比有重要影响。针对此，基于相关理论深入分析了调制深度对受激拉曼信号强度及信噪比的影响。同时考虑到在生物光谱成像等应用中，细胞光损伤阈值对两束激发光功率之和的限制，分析了不同调制深度下，获取最大信号强度及最佳信噪比的激发光功率配置方法。通过搭建受激拉曼实验系统，以二甲基亚砜为研究对象，进行实验验证。研究结果表明，在光损伤阈值的限制条件下进行受激拉曼损耗检测时，同一调制深度下，当泵浦光与斯托克斯光光功率比为1:1时信号强度达到最强，比值为1∶2时信号的信噪比达到最佳。在泵浦光与斯托克斯光光功率比相同的条件下，受激拉曼信号强度和信噪比均随调制深度的降低而降低且近似呈线性...     

光纤放大器中的受激布里渊散射阈值

 从受激布里渊散射(SBS)耦合波理论出发,根据双包层光纤放大器中的受激布里渊散射阈值模型,理论仿真了信号带宽、纤芯直径、放大器增益对SBS阈值的影响,并从实验上研究了单频百纳秒脉冲信号在掺镱双包层光纤放大器中的受激布里渊散射现象。实验中输入脉冲信号重复频率1 Hz,脉宽200 ns,对不同的输入脉冲信号放大,前向放大脉冲在脉冲能量660 nJ、峰值功率3.3 W时出现畸变,产生后向SBS窄脉冲,达到了SBS阈值,实验计算的SBS阈值与理论分析结果基本一致。     

基于Marx自激监测控制的闪光照相试验可靠性提高技术研究

强流直线感应加速器（LIA）主要应用于闪光照相试验，对其工作可靠性的要求很高。但LIA中包含了庞大的高电压脉冲功率系统，在充电及等待时期，存在发生自激的可能性，从而导致试验失败，并造成重大经济损失及严重影响。从对Marx等装置发生自激后进行立即监测控制的角度，提出了一种提高闪光照相试验可靠性的方法，并研制了可靠性高、适应各种高压放电装置的无源放电检测探头，采用大规模可编程集成电路作为系统中的逻辑处理单元，提高了系统集成度，降低了线路的复杂程度，降低了系统调试的难度，研制的监测控制器可方便地进行监测路数的扩充，适应多达几十路放电装置的检测与监控。功率系统装置自激后，自激监测控制系统响应速度快，最快可以达到100 ns级，且系统抗干扰能力强，满足在闪光试验环境工作的要求，达到了在一定程度上提高闪光照相试验可靠性的目的。     

光子晶体光纤中基于受激布里渊散射实现快光的数值模拟研究

为了了解基于光纤受激布里渊散射快光传输系统的一些外在因素对受激布里渊散射快光传输的影响,对该传输过程进行了研究。首先,根据受激布里渊散射过程的"三波耦合方程"进行了理论改进,然后选定了3种光子晶体光纤作为传输介质,通过对比,选出一种光子晶体光纤RB65进行具体分析研究。通过求解"三波耦合方程",对快光受激布里渊散射过程进行了模拟分析,探讨了光纤长度、探测信号脉冲宽度和输入信号功率对传输的影响。结果表明,在保证信号失真相对较小的情况下,取40 m长度光纤、140 ns信号脉宽和174 m W输入信号功率时的快光提前效率最高。     

数字化声学测量技术 Ⅲ.非消声室环境中扬声器的测试

由于建造消声室费用太高，如何在非消声室环境测量扬声器的特性是众多中小电声器材生产厂家极为关心的问题。本文介绍一种可在非消声室环境中进行测量的数字化的扬声器测量系统，本文论述了它的基本原理及两个关键问题，即激盛信号的选择以及对单位脉冲响应加窗的问题。本文还讨论了窗口的宽度和形状对所测扬声器频率特性的影响，及对测量房间的要求。     

S波段光纤拉曼放大器中级联受激布里渊散射串扰的实验研究

研究了光纤激光器前向抽运的S波段分布式光纤拉曼放大器中级联的受激布里渊散射(SBS)串扰现象。用窄光谱带宽(<100MHz)的可调谐激光二极管作为信号源,通过S波段分布式光纤拉曼放大器,当被放大的信号功率超过单模光纤受激布里渊散射的阈值时,出现了前向受激布里渊散射,这是传导声波布里渊散射在光纤放大器中放大的现象。随着拉曼放大器抽运功率的提高,在斯托克斯区,出现了两阶受激布里渊散射线,在实验中观测到偶数阶的受激布里渊散射谱线功率大于奇数阶的布里渊一瑞利散射线。当进一步增加拉曼放大器的抽运功率,出现了前向级联的多阶受激布里渊散射现象,拉曼放大器的增益下降,被放大的信号功率转换为受激布里渊散射,噪声变大。受激布里渊散射的串扰破坏了拉曼放大器的特性,使拉曼放大器无法在密集波分复用光纤传输系统中使用,因此需要严格地控制入纤的信号功率和放大器的抽运功率。在实验中还观测到在光纤拉曼放大器中被放大的信号光和受激布里渊散射线两侧的伴线。     

掺镱光纤激光器自脉冲与自脉冲内的自锁模研究

采用单端连续抽运方式, 对自由运转的双包层掺镱光纤激光器的输出特性进行了详细的实验研究. 实验中不但观察到了自脉冲, 而且首次在自由运转的光纤激光器中观察到自锁模现象, 对它们产生的物理机理进行了相应的理论分析. 分析表明: 增益光纤的弱(未) 抽运部分对信号光的吸收导致光纤激光器内自脉冲的出现, 轴向模之间的拍频和自相位调制导致自锁模现象的出现, 而受激拉曼散射、 受激布里渊散射等非线性效应使它们进一步增强. 当抽运光功率略高于阈值时, 自脉冲宽度比较宽, 随抽运光功率增加自脉冲的脉宽变窄; 自脉冲包络面内的自锁模脉冲的宽度随抽运光功率增加也变窄, 进一步增加抽运光功率, 自脉冲和自脉冲包络面内的自锁模现象消失. 实验测得自锁模脉冲的间隔为224 ns, 最大(小) 自锁模脉冲的半高全宽约为35.0 ns (6.3 ns); 测得信号光的中心波长为1090 nm, 谱线半高全宽的最大(小) 值约为7.05 nm (2.01 nm).     

Firing rates of coupled noisy excitable elements

The dynamics of coupled excitable FitzHugh Nagumo systems under external noisy driving is studied. Different from most of previous work focusing on the noise-induced regularity in the framework of coherence resonance, here the average frequency （or firing rate） of coupled excitable elements is of much more concern. We find that （i） their frequencies first increase and then decrease with the increase of the coupling, and there is a clear crossover from a rush increase to a smooth increase with the increase of noise strength, and （ii） for nonidentical cases, all elements transit to an identical frequency simultaneously only after a certain coupling strength is achieved. These first-increase-thendecrease non-monotonic frequency behavior and isochronous frequency synchronization are believed to be two basic behaviors in coupled noisy excitable systems.     

Dynamics of excitable nodes on random graphs

We study the interplay of topology and dynamics of excitable nodes on random networks. Comparison is made between systems grown by purely random (Erdős–Rényi) rules and those grown by the Achlioptas process. For a given size, the growth mechanism affects both the thresholds for the emergence of different structural features as well as the level of dynamical activity supported on the network.     

Discrete-time stimulation of the oscillatory and excitable forms of a FitzHugh-Nagumo model applied to the pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone

A model for the pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) can be reduced to a FitzHugh-Nagumo model subject to regular and quasiregular (i.e., with slight random variation in the interstimulus interval), discrete-time stimulation. The relationship of output pulse frequency (OPF) to stimulus frequency is compared between the excitable and oscillatory forms of the model and discussed in the context of results from other pulse-driven model systems. Some examples of the changes in OPF caused by quasiregular and purely Poissonian stimuli are given for the excitable case. The unstimulated system frequently interacts with the stimulation in such a complex manner that the OPF bears little resemblance to the frequency of stimulation or of the unstimulated system. Furthermore, the inability of the oscillatory form of the model to allow complete suppression of output pulses for moderate stimulation frequencies suggests that the LHRH system can be more appropriately described by the excitable form of the model. (c) 1995 American Institute of Physics.     

基于声弛豫频率的可激发气体压强合成算法

声弛豫频率是声吸收谱峰值点的频率，包含可激发气体成分、环境温度和压强信息.利用声弛豫频率线性正比气体压强的特性，提出一种通过两频点声吸收系数和声速测量值计算声弛豫频率，并通过查表方式合成气体压强的算法.算法的声弛豫频率测量误差具有随声测量值误差线性变换的特性，且当两频点的声吸收测量误差相等时，压强的合成误差为零.对于一定温度下的甲烷及其混合气体，仿真计算证明算法的有效性和声测量误差的稳健性.提供一种简单、稳健性好、可实时连续在线检测可激发气体腔体压强的声学方法.     

Dynamical quorum sensing and synchronization in collections of excitable and oscillatory catalytic particles

We present experimental studies of interacting excitable and oscillatory catalytic particles in well-stirred and spatially distributed systems. A number of distinct paths to synchronized oscillatory behavior are described. We present an example of a Kuramoto type transition in a well-stirred system with a collective rhythm emerging on increasing the number density of oscillatory particles. Groups of spatially distributed oscillatory particles become entrained to a common frequency by organizing centers. Quorum sensing type transitions are found in populations of globally and locally coupled excitable particles, with a sharp transition from steady state to fully synchronized behavior at a critical density or group size.     

Suppressing arrhythmias in cardiac models using overdrive pacing and calcium channel blockers

Recent findings indicate that ventricular fibrillation might arise from spiral wave chaos. Our objective in this computational study was to investigate wave interactions in excitable media and to explore the feasibility of using overdrive pacing to suppress spiral wave chaos. This work is based on the finding that in excitable media, propagating waves with the highest excitation frequency eventually overtake all other waves. We analyzed the effects of low-amplitude, high-frequency pacing in one-dimensional and two-dimensional networks of coupled, excitable cells governed by the Luo-Rudy model. In the one-dimensional cardiac model, we found narrow high-frequency regions of 1:1 synchronization between the input stimulus and the system's response. The frequencies in this region were higher than the intrinsic spiral wave frequency of cardiac tissue. When we paced the two-dimensional cardiac model with frequencies from this region, we found that spiral wave chaos could, in some cases, be suppressed. When we coupled the overdrive pacing with calcium channel blockers, we found that spiral wave chaos could be suppressed in all cases. These findings suggest that low-amplitude, high-frequency overdrive pacing, in combination with calcium channel inhibitors (e.g., class II or class IV antiarrhythmic drugs), may be useful for eliminating fibrillation. (c) 2002 American Institute of Physics.     

From Autonomous Coherence Resonance to Periodically Driven Stochastic Resonance

In periodically driven nonlinear stochastic systems, noise may play a role of enhancing the output periodic signal （termed as stochastic resonance or SR）. While in autonomous excitable systems, noise may play a role of increasing coherent motion （termed as coherence resonance or CR）. So far the topics of SR and CR have been investigated separately as two major fields of studying the active roles of noise in nonlinear systems. We find that these two topics are closely related to each other. Specifically, SR occurs in such periodically driven systems that the corresponding autonomous systems show CR. The SR with sensitive frequency dependence can be observed when the corresponding autonomous system shows CR with finite characteristic frequency. Moreover, ‘resonant noise＇ and ‘resonant frequency＇ of SR coincide with those of CR.     

Dynamical mechanism of anticipating synchronization in excitable systems

We analyze the phenomenon of anticipating synchronization of two excitable systems with unidirectional delayed coupling which are subject to the same external forcing. We demonstrate for different paradigms of excitable system that, due to the coupling, the excitability threshold for the slave system is always lower than that for the master. As a consequence the two systems respond to a common external forcing with different response times. This allows us to explain in a simple way the mechanism behind the phenomenon of anticipating synchronization in excitable systems.     

Parameter dependence of stochastic resonance in the stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley neuron

Recently, the phenomena of stochastic resonance (SR) have attracted much attention in the studies of the excitable systems under inherent noise, in particular, nervous systems. We study SR in a stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley neuron under Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise and periodic stimulus, focusing on the dependence of properties of SR on stimulus parameters. We find that the dependence of the critical forcing amplitude on the frequency of the periodic stimulus shows a bell-shaped structure with a minimum at the stimulus frequency, which is quite different from the monotonous dependence observed in the bistable system at a small frequency range. The frequency dependence of the critical forcing amplitude is explained in connection with the firing onset bifurcation curve of the Hodgkin-Huxley neuron in the deterministic situation. The optimal noise intensity for maximal amplification is also found to show a similar structure.     

Self-induced stochastic resonance in excitable systems

The effect of small-amplitude noise on excitable systems with strong time-scale separation is analyzed. It is found that vanishingly small random perturbations of the fast excitatory variable may result in the onset of a deterministic limit cycle behavior, absent without noise. The mechanism, termed self-induced stochastic resonance, combines a stochastic resonance-type phenomenon with an intrinsic mechanism of reset, and no periodic drive of the system is required. Self-induced stochastic resonance is different from other types of noise-induced coherent behaviors in that it arises away from bifurcation thresholds, in a parameter regime where the zero-noise (deterministic) dynamics does not display a limit cycle nor even its precursor. The period of the limit cycle created by the noise has a non-trivial dependence on the noise amplitude and the time-scale ratio between fast excitatory variables and slow recovery variables. It is argued that self-induced stochastic resonance may offer one possible scenario of how noise can robustly control the function of biological systems.