气体放电中正柱区电场的光谱不介入诊断

基于速度调制分子离子光谱技术，提出并实现了分别通过研究分子离子光谱强度随母体分子气压变化以及光谱线宽随放电电流变化两条途径对气体放电等离子体中电场的两种光谱不介入诊断方法，两者所获得的电场吻合较好，表明速度调制分子离子光谱方法对等离子体诊断具有十分重要的意义。     

速度调制分子离子激光光谱技术的理论研究

介绍了速度调制光谱对分子离子测量过程中的一些基本问题,运用朗之万运动方程导出了离子在交流电场中的漂移速度表达式;在小调制度近似下,给出了速度调制谱线的解析表达式,表明谱线的基本线型为高斯线型的一次微分线型、强度与调制度成正比;还讨论了调制电场对谱线的影响。得到的结论可用于实验参数的选择及等离子体的诊断等方面。     

利用超快电子探针诊断受激拉曼散射静电波的数值模拟

利用二维粒子模拟程序EPOCH验证了超快电子束探针诊断受激拉曼散射产生的静电波的可行性。结果表明,电子束探针穿过静电波电场后会在电子束探针的横向上产生密度调制,密度调制呈周期性分布且沿静电波的传播方向移动,密度调制的波数对应静电波的波数且移动速度对应静电波的相速度,因此特定条件下可用于反推电子的温度、密度等信息。在诊断静电波的过程中,电子束探针的束长必须小于静电波的波长或者诊断设备的曝光时间必须小于静电波的周期。本研究提供了一种新型的直接诊断静电波和电子温度、密度的方法,对于推动受激拉曼散射等激光等离子体不稳定性的实验研究具有重要意义。     

Thomson散射诊断技术的新进展

Thomson散射是一种主动而无干扰地对等离子体进行诊断的方法．它能够以较高的时空分辨率测量等离子体的参数，如电子与离子温度、密度以及等离子体的膨胀速度、电离程度、热流等参数．文章从Thomson散射基本概念出发，介绍了Thomson散射诊断方法在研究激光与等离子体相互作用中的重要意义，并分别介绍了近年来Thomson散射诊断技术的新进展，如对高Z等离子体、两种离子种类的等离子体、多种形态等离子体以及高密度等离子体的研究．文章最后对国内Thomson散射诊断技术的发展状况进行了简述．     

风洞模拟等离子体绕流场回波频谱调制特性实验研究

目标以极高速度在大气层内运动时,周围会因剧烈摩擦产生等离子体绕流场.等离子体绕流场运动速度分布不均匀,而且绕流场电子密度随时间动态变化,导致等离子体绕流场对入射其中的电磁波产生不均匀的频率调制,进而影响雷达的探测性能.为了复现等离子体绕流场在电磁波照射时产生的不均匀频谱调制现象,本文在中国科学院力学研究所JF-10风洞开展了等离子体绕流场回波频谱测量实验,通过信号源、环形器、天线和频谱仪组成的测量系统,以点频发射体制,获取了S和C波段的回波频谱数据,观察到了等离子体绕流场对目标回波频谱的调制现象,对测量现象的形成原因进行了讨论;基于测量数据,仿真分析了等离子体绕流场对目标一维距离像的散焦效应.     

Compton散射对线偏光在相对论等离子体中调制不稳定性的影响

应用多光子非线性Compton散射模型、电磁波非线性色散方程和Karpman方法,研究了Compton散射对线偏光在相对论等离子体中调制不稳定性的影响,给出了等离子体的非线性色散、控制和调制不稳定性增长率的修正方程,并进行了数值模拟。结果表明:与散射前相比,随无量纲化频率值减小,即趋于等离子体临界面处,散射使相同扰动波数引起的调制不稳定性增长率更大,使等离子体临界面处的调制不稳定性增长率较其余位置尤为显著。这是由于散射光使等离子体非线性增强,形成了激光场自聚焦和自成丝的缘故。     

等离子体参数的光谱测量法

通过对速度调制分子离子激光光谱技术中光谱信号的强度及线宽的测量，获得了辉光放电中等离子体的电子浓度、电子温度及德拜长度等主要参数。     

HL-2Aװ�����������˵��о�

用密度调制的方法研究了等离子体中粒子输运问题。采用了注入脉冲式补充送气和超声分子束两种不同的密度调制方法。在HL-2A装置常规欧姆放电的情况下,运用有限差分法和Nagashima矩阵技术,求解了粒子平衡方程。计算出了粒子的输运系数(对流速度v和扩散系数D)。研究了粒子输运系数与等离子体线平均密度之间的关系。实验结果表明,在欧姆放电的情况下,等离子体芯部的粒子对流速度方向始终是向内的,并且密度低时,粒子输运系数(粒子扩散系数D和对流速度v)较大;密度高时,粒子输运系数较小。     

等离子体参数的光谱测量法

通过对速度调制分子离子激光光谱技术中光谱信号的强度及线宽的测量,获得了辉光放电中等离子体的电子浓度、电子温度及德拜长度等主要参数.     

����׼��ѧг��ǻ����ʵʱ��ϵ���������·���

对准光学谐振腔诊断等离子体的传统诊断方法进行了改进,提出一种可用于诊断瞬态等离子体的实时诊断方法。通过实验证明,矢量网络分析仪点频测试(CW Sweep)对信号相位变化的测量速度足够快,可以跟上等离子体鞘套和尾迹的变化速度,因此利用该方法诊断等离子体鞘套和尾迹是可行的。通过对诊断系统性能的评估,表明诊断装置具有较高的实时性,对等离子体电子浓度有较宽的测量范围,测量范围可达10-1~1015m-3。     

Effect of the surface-modifying macromolecules on the duration of the surface functionalization

Functionalization of polystyrene films by the preferential surface enrichment of surface-modifying macromolecules (SMM) to achieve a hydrophilic surface with long effective duration is described. The comb-like amphiphilic copolymers (PKG-g-PS) based on styrene-maleic anhydride copolynier (SMA) backbone was synthesized by esterification of SMA with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). When PEG-g-PS was melt blended with polystyrene, the preferential surface enrichment of PEG-g-PS was much evident resulting in the large increase of the surface polarity. The effective duration of the surface functionalizatoin was also hugely extended as SMMs were added into the blends. Furthermore, more polyether chain segments on PEG-g-PS could selectively migrate to the surface by the inducement of polar solvent. Compared with the PEG-g-PS/PS and PEG/PEG-g-PS/PS blends, the surface polarity and the effective duration of surface modification both increased greatly when PEG-g-PS was used as the compatibilizer of PEG/PS blends. It was an effective solution to balance the conflict between the duration and efficiency of the surface-modifying additives.     

On the role of the amplitude of the fricative noise in the perception of place of articulation in voiceless fricative consonants

The current study explores the role of the amplitude of the fricative noise in the perception of place of articulation in voiceless fricative consonants. The amplitude of the fricative noise in naturally produced fricative-vowel utterances was varied relative to the vowel and potential changes in perceptual responses were investigated. The amplitude of the fricative noise for [s] and [s] was reduced such that the amplitude of the noise relative to the vowel was similar to [f] and [O], and, conversely, the amplitude of the fricative noise of [f] and [O] was increased such that the amplitude of the noise relative to the vowel was similar to [s] and [s]. The fricative noise was presented to listeners in both its vowel context and in isolation. Results indicated that, when the spectral properties of the fricative noise and formant transitions are compatible, the perceptual effects of the amplitude manipulation of the amplitude of the noise had a small effect on the overall identification of place of articulation, and when effects emerged, they varied across the different fricative stimuli. Moreover, although decreasing the amplitude of [s] and [s] resulted in an increase in [f] and [O] responses, increasing the amplitude of [f] and [O] did not result in an increase in [s] and [s] responses. Implications of these findings for phonetic feature theories are considered.     

Estimation of the level and phase of the simple distortion tone the modulation domain

These experiments were designed to test the idea that nonlinearities in the auditory system can introduce a distortion component into the internal representation of the envelope of a sound, and to estimate the phase of the hypothetical distortion component. In experiment 1, a two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) task with feedback was used to measure psychometric functions for detecting 5-Hz probe modulation of a 4-kHz sinusoidal carrier in the presence of a masker modulator with components at 50 and 55 Hz (m=0.3 for each component). Performance was measured as a function of the relative phase, delta[symbol see text], of the probe relative to the "venelope" (envelope of the envelope) of the masker. Performance was poorest for delta[symbol see text]= 135 degrees. In experiment 2, delta[symbol see text] was fixed at 135 degrees, m was set to 0.48 for each masker component, and psychometric functions for detecting probe modulation were measured using a 2AFC task without feedback. For small probe modulation depths (m approximately 0.03), the detectability index, d', was consistently negative, consistent with the existence of a weak distortion product which can "cancel" the probe modulation. The distortion component for the conditions of the experiment was estimated to have a phase of about -25 degrees relative to the venelope.     

航天TDI-CCD亚像元相机的MTF研究

讨论了不同步采集和偏流角带来的像移对航天TDI-CCD亚像元相机系统相机调制传递函数的影响.通过对成像工作方式中所产生的速度失配和方向失配的调制传递函数影响的分析,得出了提高相机采集同步精度和消除偏流角的方法.     

On the turbulization of the viscocrystalline phase

The dependence of the mean size of dispersed phase particles on the physical parameters of a system (temperature, density, and sound velocity in a substance) was found. The generalized Fokker-Planck equation was used to calculate the particle size distribution. The obtained binary distribution function was proved to adequately describe a large array of experimental data in actual physical conditions. It was shown rigorously that the fine-grain phase (powder) results when the viscocrystalline phase is subjected to shear loads. The shape of the distribution turned out to be independent of external actions, i.e., remained the same both on sedimentation and at pressure drop.     

信号光束宽度对不同漂移误差的空间光通信系统误码率影响的研究

信号光束宽度直接影响着空间光通信系统误码性能,光束宽度的选择需要综合考虑多种因素。研究了激光在大气湍流中的光束漂移、光强闪烁和平均光强与光束宽度的关系,得到考虑漂移因素的光强闪烁和平均光强与光束宽度的关系。分析表明在弱湍流条件下,光强闪烁和平均光强与光束宽度和对准精度相关,讨论了在水平路径上未跟踪补偿和跟踪补偿的光束的光强闪烁和平均光强随光束宽度的变化趋势。利用数值方法得到光强闪烁最小、平均光强最大时的光束宽度取值区间,通过光强概率分布关系和实际应用要求实现了光束宽度的优化选取。结果表明,在相同系统信噪比情况下,跟踪光束与未跟踪光束相比,系统误码率低,光束宽度值相对较小,取值区间大。     

The measurement of the conductivity of hydrogen uranyl phosphate tetrahydrate and the determination of the thermodynamics of the hydrogen-tungsten oxide system

The ac impedance method has been used to investigate the conductivity of pressed HUP pellets. The activation energy for the ionic conduction process at high frequencies (30 kJ mol^?1) was attributed to a simple proton hopping step. At lower frequencies (32 Hz) a Warburg diffusional impedance was observed with a much higher activation energy. This was attributed to the higher energy process of vacancy rotations needed for ion transfer over significant distances. Using a concentration cell, with HUP as the electrolyte, the thermodynamics of the hydrogen-tungsten oxide system was investigated.     

人工触发闪电电流波形特征参数分析

通过分析在夏季强雷暴活动频繁的山东滨州地区连续4年人工触发闪电实验中所获得的闪电回击通道底部电流资料,结果表明人工触发闪电回击峰值电流几何平均值为14.6kA,电流波形10％—90%上升时间和30％—90%上升时间的几何平均值分别为2.3μs和1.8μs,相应上升陡度分别为4.7kA/μs和4.4kA/μs.波形半峰值宽度的几何平均值为17μs,回击1ms内转移电荷量的几何平均值为1.2C,回击电流作用积分的几何平均值为6.1×10³A²s.对比研究表明回击峰值电流与接地状况、回击电流波形的上升时间以及半峰值宽度之间没有明显相关性,但与电流波形上升陡度以及回击1ms之内转移电荷量之间存在相关性,回击峰值电流（I_p）与回击1ms内转移电荷量（Q）之间满足关系式：I_p=14.1Q^0.69.通过与自然闪电放电参数的对比分析表明,人工触发闪电回击过程与自然地闪放电的继后回击过程相似. 关键词： 人工触发闪电 地闪 闪电电流 回击     

Mach on the principles of the theory of heat

Ernst Mach (1838-1916) is chiefly famous on two counts: for his brilliant experimental work on shock waves (in recognition of which the Mach number is named after him) and for his numerous critical historical studies of the development of physics. It was through these studies that Mach became an extremely influential and controversial figure in the physics of the twentieth century. This explains why the present work, a translation into English of his Die Principien der Wärmelehre, which was first published in 1896, now appears as Volume 17 of the Vienna Circle Collection published by Reidel. (The Vienna Circle was a discussion group of philosophically interested scholars who met weekly from 1925 to 1936 at the University of Vienna. Mach was regarded as one of their precursors.)     

笙的簧片物理参数与音色相关性的初步研究

为了改善笙的声音品质,本文研究了笙的簧片物理尺度与笙的音色之间的相关性。在提出笙的物理模型并验证其有效性的基础上,固定音高,改变簧舌的厚度、长度以及缝隙宽度,合成一组笙的声样本。通过对偶比较法以及多维尺度法分析笙的音色空间,根据簧舌参数及音色特征量解释该音色空间的物理意义,并从发声原理比较簧舌参数对音色的作用。结果表明,音高一定时,簧舌宽度对音色的作用可忽略,厚度(及长度)和缝隙宽度对音色的作用相似,但影响方式不同。改变簧舌物理参数所形成的二维音色空间与声音的对数起振时间、频谱丰富性以及频谱不规则度有关。起振特征与频谱丰富性特征存在共变关系,通过改变这两个特征,能够改变音色的明亮度和柔软度。