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1.
 研究了基于迈克尔逊干涉条纹对比法测量微位移的实验。用He-Ne激光器、反射镜和分束镜组成的干涉光路,其中一个反射镜固定在被测物体上,通过被测物体的移动带动反射镜移动使干涉光路发生变化,从而导致干涉条纹的改变。在形成干涉条纹的位置利用线阵CCD采集干涉条纹图像,用序列图像对比的方法对图像进行处理和计算,得出被测物体的微位移。实验表明利用序列图像对比的方法测量微位移,方法切实可行、测量准确度高、测量的精度能够达到微米量级。  相似文献   

2.
冯秀  陈旭  徐楠  陈凡秀  谢欣  杨连祥 《应用光学》2013,34(3):457-462
 采用离面位移测量精度达到10 nm~20 nm的电子散斑干涉测量系统验证了双目视觉数字散斑相关测量系统的离面位移测量精度。分别用电子散斑干涉测量系统和双目视觉数字散斑相关测量系统同时测量了平板离面位移,并对所测量的位移最大值进行了分析处理及比较。结果表明,双目视觉数字散斑相关测量系统的物体离面位移分布云图与电子散斑干涉测量系统的结果基本相同,且两者位移均方根相差为2.76 μm~3.56 μm,相对误差为4.59%~7.60%。因此,当被测量物体的离面位移大于4 μm时,双目视觉Q400测量系统精度可达到电子散斑干涉测量系统的精度。  相似文献   

3.
基于差动光程差倍增法将微小位移转化为多倍光程差,通过电桥光电转换电路,得到干涉条纹数的变化.采用差动干涉方法,提高了光程改变量与位移量的比例,使微小位移的测量精度提高到亚微米量级.  相似文献   

4.
介绍了利用激光电子散班干涉测量微小位移的原理和方法,并对其测量范围和测量精度进行了分析,给出了具体的测量结果.  相似文献   

5.
介绍了基于几何莫尔条纹原理和衍射干涉原理的两种光栅精密位移测量系统及各自的特点。综述了国内外对光栅干涉式精密位移测量系统的研究进展,总结了系统存在的关键问题及发展趋势。光栅干涉式精密位移测量系统的优点是对环境要求小,测量分辨率和精度较高,结构紧凑,成本低。该系统需要解决的问题包括提高光栅以及光学元器件制造和安装精度;寻求一种更高精度的检测手段对光栅位移测量系统进行标定等。光栅干涉式精密位移测量系统的发展方向为更高测量分辨率和精度,大量程、多维度测量以及尺寸小巧。该系统在现代工业加工精密制造领域将具有更广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

6.
本文研究了基于振动抑制的高精度宽带激光扫频干涉测量方法.在激光扫频干涉测量中振动引起目标位移,导致在测量信号拍频中叠加了多普勒频移,该频移量通常远大于目标实际位移产生的频率变化,直接计算目标距离将造成测距精度下降.为解决该问题,本文首先建立了振动对宽带激光扫频干涉测距系统的影响模型,分析了振动对测距的影响机理,通过对测量系统的色散失配效应进行补偿降低了色散影响,然后对测量信号进行交叠分时Chirp Z变换计算不同时刻目标距离,进一步结合卡尔曼滤波方法对目标距离信息进行状态估计,使测量的标准差由185.4μm降低到9.0μm,有效降低了环境振动对测量结果的影响,提高了测量精度.该方法在不需要改变激光扫频干涉绝对距离测量装置的条件下,为进一步提高振动环境中的测距精度提供了解决方法,降低了装置复杂度和成本.  相似文献   

7.
提出了一种可用于干涉条纹傅里叶变换分析的空间载波频率估计方法.通过干涉条纹的加窗切趾处理及旁瓣质心坐标的计算,得到空间载波频率的高准确度估计.基于傅里叶变换的位移定理,用估计的空间载波频率实现了载频的移除.模拟和实验结果表明此方法可以有效地抑制传统干涉条纹傅里叶变换分析中的载频移除误差和频谱泄漏误差.  相似文献   

8.
激光外差干涉快速超精密测量模型研究   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
为了精确地描述激光外差干涉在快速超精密测量中的位移测量.建立了激光外差干涉快速超精密测量模型。传统外差干涉测量模型采用舍去高阶误差的方法,便于分析与快速计算,但存快速纳米精度测量中,高阶误差已经影响到测量精度.根据多普勒频移公式,通过分析激光外差干涉的测量原理.在已有的激光干涉测量模型上增加了u^2/c的积分项.相当于将传统测量模型进行了高阶误差补偿。通过理论分析可知,当最高测量速度为1m/s,运行位移为3m时,该测量模型能够减小约18nm的测量误差,解决了传统测量模型存存的残余误差累计问题,从而为激光外差干涉在快速超精密测量领域的应用提供了一种理论依据。  相似文献   

9.
激光电子散斑干涉测微小位移   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
张霖  徐平 《物理实验》1998,18(5):24-26
介绍了利用激光电子散斑干涉测量微小位移的原理和方法,并对其测量范围和测量精度进行了分析,人出了具体的测量结果。  相似文献   

10.
散斑法中的干涉条纹级数判别及细分方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文给出一种判别及细分散斑法中的干涉条纹级数的简单方法。它可以用于确定位移的大小,干涉条纹级数的判别与细分、提高测量精度以及自动分析。  相似文献   

11.
杨宁  占日新  葛红娟 《应用声学》2017,25(12):211-214
提出多速率短时傅里叶变换(Multi Rate Short Time Fourier Transform,MR-STFT)瞬时频率估计算法,提高了超宽带信号瞬时频率估计精度。该方法将多速率信号处理算法与短时傅里叶变换(STFT)技术相结合,兼顾采样频率和被测频率,将宽频范围进行分段采样,对分段处理结果进行拟合,构成多速率STFT算法,实现超宽带信号瞬时频率的高精度测量。论文通过对仿真信号和实测信号进行处理,研究了方法的可行性和频率估计精度,结果表明MR-STFT算法较大提高了超宽带信号瞬时频率估计精度,尤其对低信噪比的超宽带信号效果显著。  相似文献   

12.
图像采集系统特性参数的测试与评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文介绍了一种用于测量的高性能、高精度图像采集与处理系统的基本构成,以及为保证测量精度而对CCD摄像机进行的改造。讨论了图像采集系统的主要时域特性参数,包括平均暗输出、暗输出不均匀性、暗噪声、动态范围、光电响应不均匀性、光电响应线性度、信噪比等。阐述了以上特性参数的定义和测试评价方法。给出了被测系统的特性参数。同时给出了噪声分布直方图和线性响应曲线。  相似文献   

13.
Non-classical quantum effects allow light with local sub-Poissonian fluctuations below shot noise to be produced. We show that using such light can improve the estimation precision of a parameter in an image beyond the standard Poissonian limit. This benefit is theoretically investigated by means of a phenomenological model of local sub-Poissonian noise which assumes the independence of the fluctuations in each pixel. In particular, a bound on the best precision expectable independently of the exact unbiased estimation protocol used, which is given by the Cramer-Rao bound, is determined from this model. The numerical simulations presented in the special case of the estimation of a displacement of an image perturbed with local sub-Poissonian noise show that a standard estimator can overcome the classical Poissonian limit by reaching this limit precision only beyond a certain value of the photon flux which we characterize. We eventually present some numerical results that demonstrate the generality of the model proposed, of the optimality bounds and of the estimator performance.  相似文献   

14.
Fourier transform method for self-mixing interference signal analysis   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Self-mixing interferometry (SMI) has been used to measure the distance and displacement. Although the principle of self-mixing interference is different conventional interference, we concluded that FFT analysis technique could also be used to detect the signal phase and increase the measurement precision of self-mixing interferometry.First the SMI signal is obtained by feeding the light from the target to cavity of laser diode, then it is pre-processed by an analog subtraction circuit to remove the overlapped output intensity due to the injection current modulation. Finally, SMI signal is analyzed by FFT phase detection method. Theoretical analysis and simulation calculations are presented. Experimentally, displacement of a PZT-driven target was measured with a precision of λ/50.  相似文献   

15.
The steady-state statistical characteristics of an adaptive antenna array whose weight-factor vector is adjusted by means of a least-mean-square algorithm are studied using a nonlinear inertialess transformation of the array output as a reference signal. The case of phase-shift keying of the desired signal with Gaussian interference and noise is examined. An optimal nonlinear reference-signal transformation is found for which mean-square error of signal estimation is minimized and the output signal-to-noise ratio is maximized. The theoretical results are confirmed by computer modeling.  相似文献   

16.
杨晴  王良  李倩茹  宋志杰 《应用声学》2015,34(4):291-296
针对窄带信号,通过构造互谱时间序列,在互谱域建立了平稳时间序列时延估计的最小方差无畸变响应(MVDR)滤波器模型;利用分段近似处理,类比空间MVDR自适应算法,给出了其具体算法(Algorithm of MVDR in cross spectral domain,CSMVDR);进行了数值仿真实验研究和海上实验数据处理。数值仿真与实验数据处理结果初步验证了CSMVDR时延估计对于舰船辐射噪声的适用性,CSMVDR时延估计有比相关检测更好的时延估计性能,能够提高信噪比增益和时延估计精度。  相似文献   

17.
钟苏川  高仕龙  韦鹍  马洪 《物理学报》2012,61(17):170501-170501
通过将广义Langevin方程中的系统内噪声建模为分数阶高斯噪声,推导出分数阶Langevin方程, 其分数阶导数项阶数由系统内噪声的Hurst指数所确定.讨论了处于强噪声环境下的线性过阻尼分数阶 Langevin方程在周期信号激励下的共振行为,利用Shapiro-Loginov公式和Laplace变换, 推导了系统响应的一、二阶稳态矩和稳态响应振幅、方差的解析表达式.分析表明,适当参数下, 系统稳态响应振幅和方差随噪声的某些特征参数、周期激励信号的频率及系统部分参数的变化出现了 广义的随机共振现象.  相似文献   

18.
改进的贝叶斯压缩感知目标方位估计   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
周明阳  郭良浩  闫超 《声学学报》2019,44(6):961-969
针对基于高斯先验模型的贝叶斯压缩感知在目标方位(Direction Of Arrival,DOA)估计中可能出现明显随机伪峰的问题,改进了高斯先验模型,并在此基础上提出了一种贝叶斯压缩感知目标方位估计方法。通过波束输出噪声背景预估与二值指示变量标记,并引入基于信号先验方差的噪声方差估计方法,与变分贝叶斯推断相结合改进目标方位估计性能和优化迭代收敛过程。利用32元线阵对改进算法进行数值仿真处理和分析结果表明,该改进方法不仅可以准确估计目标信号的方位,而且可以显著地减少空间谱中伪峰的数量。实际海上实验数据处理结果表明,使用改进后的贝叶斯压缩感知方法进行DOA估计,可以显著地抑制空间谱中随机的伪峰,提高波束输出峰值背景比,具有更强的目标检测能力。   相似文献   

19.
We propose a detuned Fabry-Perot cavity, pumped through both the mirrors, as a toy model of the gravitational-wave (GW) detector partially free from displacement noise of the test masses. It is demonstrated that the noise of cavity mirrors can be eliminated, but the one of lasers and detectors cannot. The isolation of the GW signal from displacement noise of the mirrors is achieved in a proper linear combination of the cavity output signals. The construction of such a linear combination is possible due to the difference between the reflected and transmitted output signals of detuned cavity. We demonstrate that in low-frequency region the obtained displacement-noise-free response signal is much stronger than the -limited sensitivity of displacement-noise-free interferometers recently proposed by S. Kawamura and Y. Chen. However, the loss of the resonant gain in the noise cancelation procedure results is the sensitivity limitation of our toy model by displacement noise of lasers and detectors.  相似文献   

20.
Shear strain estimation and lesion mobility assessment in elastography   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Konofagou EE  Harrigan T  Ophir J 《Ultrasonics》2000,38(1-8):400-404
Elastography typically measures and images the normal strain component along the insonification/compression axis, i.e., in the axial direction. We have recently shown that, by using interpolation and cross-correlation methods of transversely displaced RF echo segments, it is possible to measure and image displacement and strain transversely to the beam with good precision. This enables the estimation and imaging of all three principal normal strain components. Generally, motion in a direction other than that in which strain is estimated may result in decorrelation noise, severely corrupting the estimates. Therefore, a correction method is applied to correct the displacement and strain estimates for decorrelating motion. In this paper, we show how corrected displacement estimates can also be used to estimate and image the shear strain components. This may allow us to identify regions of decorrelation noise in the normal strain measurement that are due to shear strain. Shear strain estimates provide supplementary information, which can characterize different tissue elements based on their mobility. In the case of breast lesions, low mobility is related to malignancy. Following an in vivo case, we show with 2D simulations how assessment of tumor mobility can be achieved with shear strain estimation.  相似文献   

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