Pb2,PdPb2分子的势能函数

采用Gaussian 98程序,运用B3LYP方法,对Pd和Pb原子采用收缩价基组LANL2DZ,对Pb2和PdPb2分子的微观结构进行了理论计算.由于Pb2分子离解后一个Pb原子处于基态,另一个Pb原子处于激发态,采用最小二乘法拟合Pb2分子的势能函数.选用的函数形式为Murrell-Sorbie势能函数加上开关函数.使用多体展式理论导出了势函数中的参数进而给出PdPb2分子基态势函数的解析表达式,其势能面准确地复现了PdPb2分子的两个稳定构型(C2V和C∞v)及其能量关系.     

PdCO分子结构与势能函数

用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法，对钯原子采用LANL2DZ收缩价基函数，碳原子和氧原子采用AUG-cc-pVTZ基组，对PdC，PdO和PdCO体系的结构进行优化，计算表明：PdC分子基态为¹Σ⁺态，键长为R_e=0.17285nm，离解能为4.919eV.PdO分子基态的平衡核间距为0.18546nm，其电子态为³Π，离解能为2.455eV，并拟合得到Murrell-Sorbie势能函数；PdCO分子有两 关键词： PdCO 分子结构 势能函数     

NiCO分子结构与解析势能函数

用密度泛函理论的B3P86方法,对镍原子采用LANL2DZ收缩价基,碳原子和氧原子采用6-311+G~*基组,对NiC、NiO和NiCO体系的结构进行优化,计算表明:NiC分子基态为~1∑~+态,键长为R_e=0.16070 nm,离解能为3.62948 eV.NiO分子基态的平衡核间距为0.16784 nm,其电子态为~3∑~-,离解能为3.45119 eV,拟合得到Murrell-Sorbie势能函数;NiCO分子有两个线性稳定构型,其中一个构型为Ni—C≡O(C_(∞υ)),电子态为~1∑~+,平衡核间距为R_(NiC)=0.16621 nm,R_(co)=0.11519 nm,离解能为12.80476 eV,另一个为Ni—O≡C(C_(∞υ)),电子态是~1∑~+,平衡核间距为R_(co)=0.11470 nm,R_(NiO)=0.17636 nm,离解能为11.24679 eV.由微观过程的可逆性原理分析了分子的可能的离解极限,并用多体展式理论导出基态NiCO分子的势能函数,其等势面图准确地再现了NiCO分子的结构特征和离解能,由此讨论了Ni+CO,NiC+O,NiO+C分子反应的势能面静态特征.     

PdH、PdH2分子的结构与势能函数

用相对论有效原子实势(SDD)和密度泛函(B3LYP)方法对PdH和PdH2体系的结构进行了优化,计算表明:PdH分子的几何构型为C∞v,其基态为X2∑+态,键长R=0.154 11 nm,离解能为De=2.511 0eV,谐振频率ωe=2 156.226 9 cm-1,并拟合得到Murrell-Sorbie势能函数;PdH2分子稳态为C2y构型,电子组态为1A1,平衡核间距RPdH=0.151 73 nm,键角∠HPdH=72.373 3°,基态简正振动频率:对称伸缩振动频率v1(b2)=2 104.369 6 cm-1、弯曲振动频率v2(a1)=528.742 6 cm-1、反对称伸缩振动频率v3(a1)=2 208.649 0 cm-1,离解能De=5.318 56 eV.在此基础上,用Murrell-Sorbie函数和多体展式理论导出PdH(C∞v,X2∑+)、PdH2(C2v,1A1)分子的解析势能函数.其等值势能面图准确地再现了PdH2分子的结构特征和离解能,由此讨论了Pd+H2分子反应的势能面静态特征.     

基态TiH2分子的结构与分析势能函数

用密度泛函理论的B3lyp方法,Ti原子采用相对论有效实势(LanL2DZ)收缩价基函数,氢原子采用6-311 g**全电子基函数,对TiH2体系的结构进行优化计算.得到TiH2分子最稳态为C2v构型,电子状态为(C2v(X)3A2),平衡核间距,RTi-H=0.1789 nm,键角∠HTiH =123.365°,离解能:De=5.54216 eV.基态简正振动频υ(A1)=485.4150 cm-1,υ(B2)=1507.6533 cm-1,υ(A1)=1580.2361 cm-1.由微观过程的可逆性原理分析了分子的可能离解极限,并用多体项展式理论方法分别导出基态TiH2分子的势能函数,其等值势能面图准确地再现了TiH2分子的结构特征和离解能.由此讨论了TiH2分子反应的势能面静态特征.     

AlO2和Al2O分子的结构与解析势能函数

运用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法在6-311 G**水平上,对AlO2,Al2O分子的结构进行了优化计算,得到AlO2,Al2O分子的稳定结构都为D∞h.构型.AlO2电子态为X1ПC,平衡核间距RAl-O=0.1661 nm、离解能De=8.9217 eV;Al2O电子态为X1∑,平衡核间距RO-Al=0.1731 nm、离解能De=10.5269 eV.用多体项展式理论推导了基态AlO2和Al2O分子的解析势能函数,其等值势能图准确再现了基态AlO2和Al2O分子的结构特征及势阱深度与位置.     

HNO分子基态的结构与解析势能函数研究

应用群论及原子分子反应静力学的方法, 导出了HNO分子基态电子态和合理的离解极限.利用优选出的密度泛函理论B3LYP方法结合6-311G **优化计算了HNO分子基态的平衡结构和谐振频率.计算结果表明基态HNO分子稳定态为C_S构型,电子组态为X¹A',平衡核间距分别为R_H-N=0.1065 nm,R_N-O=0.1200 nm,键角∠H-N-O=108.60°,离解能D_e=15.379 eV.基态简正振动频率分别为:弯曲振动频率ν₁=1575.6351 cm^-1,对称伸缩振动频率ν₂=1673.2890 cm^-1,反对称伸缩振动频率ν₃=2837.7856 cm^-1.在此基础上,应用多体项展式理论导出了基态HNO分子的全空间解析势能函数,该势能函数等值势能图准确再现了HNO分子平衡结构和离解能. 关键词： 势能函数 光谱常数 密度泛函方法     

BeC，BeC2分子的结构与势能函数

应用密度泛函B3P86/aug-cc-pvtz方法对BeC(X )进行了理论计算,得到BeC分子基态的平衡核间距为0.1666 nm,离解能为2.3185eV,与其它理论结果符合得非常好,并进一步计算了谐振频率为917.9114 cm-1,得到该分子的Murrell-Sorbie势能函数。用QCISD/6-311++G（3df,3pd）方法优化出BeC2(X1A1)分子的稳定构型为C2V,其平衡核间距 =0.1615 nm、 ,并计算了离解能、力常数及谐振频率。在推导BeC2的离解极限基础上,应用多体展式理论方法,推导出基态BeC2分子的解析势能函数,该势能面准确呈现出BeC2`(X1A1)分子基态的结构特征和能量变化。     

BCl和Cl2(2A1)的结构与势能函数

采用多种方法,配有多种基组对BCl和BCl2分子的基态蛄构进行优化计算,优选出B3P86/6-311++G(3df)方法时BCl分子进行计算得到基态为X1∑、键长RBCl=0.17159 nm,谐振频率为ωg=837.0003 cm-1;优选出QCISD/6-31G(d,p)方法对BCl2分子进行计算得到基态为X2A1,平衡棱间距RBCl=0.17284 nm、键角βClBCl=125.3466°、离解能Dg=8.0592 eV,并计算出了谐振频率和力常数.在此基础上,运用多体展式理论方法,推导出BCl2分子的解析势能函数,其等值势能面图准确呈现出BCl2分子的蛄构特征及能量变化曲线.由此讨论了Cl+BCl和B+ClCl分子反应的势能面特征.可用于研究该分子的微观反应动力学特性.     

BeC，BeC2分子的结构与势能函数

应用密度泛函B3P86/aug-cc-pvtz方法对BeC(X )进行了理论计算,得到BeC分子基态的平衡核间距为0.1666 nm,离解能为2.3185eV,与其它理论结果符合得非常好,并进一步计算了谐振频率为917.9114 cm-1,得到该分子的Murrell-Sorbie势能函数。用QCISD/6-311++G（3df,3pd）方法优化出BeC2(X1A1)分子的稳定构型为C2V,其平衡核间距 =0.1615 nm、 ,并计算了离解能、力常数及谐振频率。在推导BeC2的离解极限基础上,应用多体展式理论方法,推导出基态BeC2分子的解析势能函数,该势能面准确呈现出BeC2`(X1A1)分子基态的结构特征和能量变化。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.