微动粒子群优化算法用于Egun的多参量优化

 针对2维电子光学多参量优化问题,采用微动粒子群优化算法,在给出目标电子轨迹和优化范围的前提下,可以得到趋近于该电子轨迹的真空边界和聚束磁结构。该算法分为前后两阶段：第一阶段采用前后试探法(微动),同时参照最优粒子的信息;第二阶段采用标准粒子群优化算法。针对涉及多个相关参量的电子光学设计问题,标准粒子群优化算法仅能保证以较高概率收敛到局部最佳解,而微动粒子群优化算法能以较高概率收敛到全局最佳解,并且展现了多核计算机在电子光学设计上的潜力。初步的软件试验显示：消耗人类工程师几周时间的电子光学设计问题,用微动粒子群算法在普通个人计算机上几十小时就能完成。     

文化框架下多群智能优化算法的云作业调度

作业调度是一种云计算核心技术,为了获得更优的云计算作业调度方案,提出一种文化框架下多群智能优化算法的云作业调度方法。首先构建云作业调度问题的数学模型,然后借助文化算法模型,粒子群算法组成信仰空间,人工鱼群算法组成群体空间,两者之间并行演化,相互促进,对云计算作业调度数学模型进行求解,最后通过仿真实验测试算法的性能。结果表明,本文加快了算法的收敛速度,获得了更优的云计算作业调度方案,大幅度缩短少云计算作业完成时间,具有一定的实用价值。     

基于动态粒子群优化的目标跟踪算法

目标跟踪问题的关键在于如何寻找与目标运动状态匹配的运动模型。交互式多模型算法的模型集是根据先验信息确定的,它不随时间变化而变化,并且要求在模型集中任意时刻都存在描述目标运动模型。在实际中需要大量模型来描述运动。将粒子群优化和变结构多模型算法相结合,不仅能充分利用系统的实时量测信息,还能根据其先验信息调节优化算法结构。仿真表明,运用动态自适应粒子群优化算法实现模型集自适应,可以提高目标跟踪的精度和实时性。     

改进的粒子群优化目标跟踪方法

针对粒子群优化算法应用在目标跟踪时,其惯性权重调节机制的局限性,提出了改进的粒子群优化目标跟踪方法。首先,对目标及粒子群算法中相应参数进行初始化;接着,引入粒子进化率的概念,对惯性权重调节机制进行改进,根据每代每个粒子的不同状态及时调整惯性权重;然后,在更新粒子的速度和位置的同时,更新个体最优解和全局最优解,进行下一次迭代;最后,比较粒子的适应度,选择相似性函数值最大的区域为目标。实验结果表明,该方法与使用自适应惯性权重调节机制的粒子群优化目标跟踪方法相比,减少了获取相同适应度所需的迭代次数,运算效率提高了42.9%。实现了目标在相似性函数出现"多峰"情况下的准确定位,对目标出现部分遮挡的情况具有很好的适应性。     

2维静磁场多参量微动粒子群优化算法

提出一种微动粒子群优化算法,针对2维静磁场多参量优化问题,在给出轴上目标轴向磁感应强度分布曲线的前提下,可以得到趋近于该分布曲线的磁结构。该算法分为前后两阶段:第一阶段采用前后试探法(微动),同时也参照最优粒子的信息;第二阶段采用基本粒子群优化算法。微动粒子群优化算法可以发挥多核计算机在工程设计上的潜力,而且即使粒子数目很少,也能不断趋近目标解。     

基于粒子群算法的多阈值图像分割方法

在对粒子群优化算法的基本原理和方法进行简要概述的基础上,提出了一种基于粒子群的多阈值图像分割算法。算法采用信息熵构建优化目标函数,提出了新的粒子更新准测,并以此对图像进行了多阈值优化搜索。实验表明,该算法不仅能对图像进行正确的分割,而且还具有稳定性高,易于实现,速度快等特点。     

基于粒子群优化的核匹配追踪目标识别

提出了一种基于粒子群优化的用于目标识别的核匹配追踪算法.该算法用粒子群优化算法在基函数字典中选择最优的基函数,大大降低了基匹配追踪算法的计算复杂度.通过与标准核匹配追踪算法及基于遗传算法的核匹配追踪算法对UCI数据集及纹理图像的识别试验表明,核匹配追踪算法优良的分类性能以及粒子群优化算法高效的全局搜索能力使新算法能有效识别目标数据.     

光学薄膜椭圆偏振数据反演的优化算法

运用C++语言通过变步长循环的优化算法开发数据处理程序,利用2组数据确定了多周期真实厚度.通过计算SiO2和ZrO薄膜的折射率和单周期及多周期厚度,并与其他方法的计算结果进行对比分析,发现此方法计算结果可以达到较高的精度.对于有吸收的薄膜,利用量子力学原理计算粒子出现在某一点的概率,通过蒙特卡罗模拟的方式来测量粒子的位置,从而对粒子进行刷新.通过基于量子行为粒子群优化和模拟退火的混合算法设计的程序进行计算,可很快跳出局部极小收敛达到全局最优点,在保证精度的同时达到较快的收敛速度.     

粒子群及遗传算法在相对论返波管中的应用

在全三维粒子模拟软件CHIPIC平台上,分别开发了粒子群及基因算法模块.以相对论返波管为例,采用三种不同类型的参数(连续参数、离散参数、混合参数),对粒子群及基因算法进行比较.优化结果表明:粒子群算法的收敛速度更快,在有限的迭代步数内得到的目标结果也更优良,总体表现优于基因算法.     

改进粒子群算法的立体传声器阵列声成像系统阵形优化设计

提出改进的粒子群优化算法,获得波束方向图主瓣宽度和旁瓣级折中的优化立体阵形,避免基本实数粒子群算法仅采用旁瓣级或主瓣宽度一个性能指标优化而导致另一个性能指标恶化的问题,利用阵列视角限制进一步优化立体阵形并设计了声成像测量系统。改进的粒子群算法与基本粒子群算法仿真优化阵形比较表明改进粒子群算法设计的优化阵形在保持较窄的主瓣宽度的条件下具有较低的旁瓣级。阵列声成像测量系统的性能测量分析结果表明该系统的空间分辨率和旁瓣抑制能力与理论结果接近,验证了所提算法的有效性。      

Solvent‐Assisted Interfacial Tension Deformation of Spherical Particles for the Fabrication of Non‐Spherical Particle Arrays

A facile and efficient approach is developed for the fabrication of asymmetric non‐spherical polymer particle arrays. A specific amount of solvent is provided to interact with the spherical polymer particles to intensify the segmental mobility, thus suppressing the viscosity and the glass transition temperature of the polymer particles. The spherical polymer particles in the rubbery state are deformed into non‐spherical particle arrays at the gas/liquid interface. The upper parts of the polymer particles that protrude out of the liquid phase undergo deformation by interfacial tensions at the three‐phase contact line, allowing the formation of a ridge of polymer with a protrusion on the top surface. Simultaneously, the lower parts of the polymer particles submerged under the liquid phase are subjected to enormous surface tension at the contact points, leading to a non‐linear coalescence behavior of the neighboring polymer particles.     

PSP—SA模拟金团簇的几何结构与基态能量

采用基于模拟退火的粒子群智能算法(PSO-SA)和紧束缚二阶动量矩势函数(TB-SMA)对金团簇Aun(n≤10)的基态能量、结构及其随团簇尺寸变化的规律进行了研究.结果表明n为偶数的金团簇的结构比邻近为奇数的金团簇稳定,具有"奇-偶"振荡效应;由金团簇基态能量的二阶差分可以看出Au4、Au6、Au8结构比较稳定,具有"幻数"效应.     

热处理温度对量子点粒度分布的影响

为了明确热处理温度对熔融法制备PbSe量子点玻璃材料的影响, 实验对比了核化时间、晶化温度、晶化时间对晶体大小、粒度分布和吸收光谱特性的影响. 在相同核化温度、不同晶化温度条件下, 各样品的透射电子显微镜图显示都有一定量的晶体形成, 但其晶化程度、尺寸大小及分布有明显不同. 通过计算晶体粒度分布定量地揭示出, 随着晶化温度的提高, 量子点晶体尺寸逐渐增大, 从而提高了晶体颗粒的浓度. 吸收光谱的测量也表明, 随着晶化温度的升高, 吸收峰从无到有不断增强且出现红移现象. 而当晶化温度较低时, 虽有晶体形成, 但无明显吸收峰, 主要是由于晶体尺寸较小, 浓度较低, 晶体颗粒的吸收峰被背景材料所掩盖. 研究结果可为制备具有一定浓度的不同尺寸的量子点晶体, 进而获得多个波段下较强的吸收和辐射的量子点玻璃提供一定的参考.     

Effects of post-thermal annealing temperature on the optical and structural properties of gold particles on silicon suboxide films

In this work, silicon suboxide (SiO_x) thin films were deposited using a RF magnetron sputtering system. A thin layer of gold (Au) with a thickness of about 10 nm was sputtered onto the surface of the deposited SiO_x films prior to the thermal annealing process at 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C and 1000 °C. The optical and structural properties of the samples were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and optical transmission and reflection spectroscopy. SEM analyses demonstrated that the samples annealed at different temperatures produced different Au particle sizes and shapes. SiO_x nanowires were found in the sample annealed at 1000 °C. Au particles induce the crystallinity of SiO_x thin films in the post-thermal annealing process at different temperatures. These annealed samples produced silicon nanocrystallites with sizes of less than 4 nm, and the Au nanocrystallite sizes were in the range of 7-23 nm. With increased annealing temperature, the bond angle of the Si-O bond increased and the optical energy gap of the thin films decreased. The appearance of broad surface plasmon resonance absorption peaks in the region of 590-740 nm was observed due to the inclusion of Au particles in the samples. The results show that the position and intensity of the surface plasmon resonance peaks can be greatly influenced by the size, shape and distribution of Au particles.     

Study of latent and etched tracks by a charged particle transmission technique

A recently suggested technique for non-destructive investigation of inhomogeneities in thin objects, which is based on the measurement of the energy spectra of charged particles transmitted through the object, is used for the study of thermal annealing of 10–20 μm thick polyethylene terephtalate, polypropylene and polycarbonate foils irradiated with 1–10 MeV/amu heavy ions. At elevated temperature a foil linear contraction is observed on pristine and irradiated material. Also the foil roughness increases with increasing temperature. On the same foils with etched pores 0.5–1.0 μm in diameter, the thermal annealing results in gradual closing of the pores up to about 30% of their initial diameter at the temperatures of 150–175°C. At higher temperatures the pore diameter increases and achieves its initial value.     

Structural optimization of Au–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles with improved particle swarm optimization method

Due to the dependence of the chemical and physical properties of the bimetallic nanoparticles(NPs) on their structures,a fundamental understanding of their structural characteristics is crucial for their syntheses and wide applications. In this article, a systematical atomic-level investigation of Au–Pd bimetallic NPs is conducted by using the improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO) with quantum correction Sutton–Chen potentials(Q-SC) at different Au/Pd ratios and different sizes. In the IPSO, the simulated annealing is introduced into the classical particle swarm optimization(PSO) to improve the effectiveness and reliability. In addition, the influences of initial structure, particle size and composition on structural stability and structural features are also studied. The simulation results reveal that the initial structures have little effects on the stable structures, but influence the converging rate greatly, and the convergence rate of the mixing initial structure is clearly faster than those of the core-shell and phase structures. We find that the Au–Pd NPs prefer the structures with Au-rich in the outer layers while Pd-rich in the inner ones. Especially, when the Au/Pd ratio is 6:4, the structure of the nanoparticle(NP) presents a standardized Pd_(core) Au_(shell) structure.     

Micro‐Raman investigation of tin dioxide nanostructured material based on annealing effect

Rutile‐structured nanocrystalline tin dioxide (SnO₂) powder was synthesized by the chemical precipitation method using the precursor SnCl₂• 5H₂O. The SnO₂ powder was annealed at different temperatures, namely, 600, 800 and 1000 °C. Micro‐Raman spectra were recorded for both the as‐grown and annealed SnO₂ nanocrystalline samples. Micro‐Raman spectral measurements on the SnO₂ nanoparticle show the first‐order Raman modes A_1g (633 cm⁻¹), E_1g (475 cm⁻¹) and B_2g (775 cm⁻¹), indicating that the grown SnO₂ belongs to the rutile structure. The first‐order A_1g mode is observed as an intense band, whereas the other two modes show low intensity. The full width at half‐maximum and band area of the Raman lines of SnO₂ nanoparticle annealed at various temperatures were calculated. The effect of high‐temperature annealing on the vibrational modes of SnO₂ was studied. The optical image of SnO₂ nanocrystalline material was used to understand the surface morphology effect. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of Annealing Temperature on Track Diameter

In exposing cellulose nitrate CN85 plastic films to alpha particles derived from a ²⁴¹Am source, track diameters were measured with regard to different annealing temperatures. The results have shown that the diameters of the tracks are decreasing when the annealing temperatures are increasing.

Kunstharzfolien aus Zellulosenitrat CN85 wurden einer Alphastrahlung ausgesetzt, die einer ⁴²¹Am-Quelle entstammten. Es wurden die erzeugten Spurendurchmesser im Hinblick auf die Ausheilungstemperatur vermessen und es konnte gefunden widen werden, daβ die Spurendurchmesser mit steigender Ausheilungstemperatur abnehmen.     

利用等时退火法预估等温退火效应实验研究

对电离辐照损伤后的MOS器件的等温和等时退火特性进行了研究，结果发现，首先，100℃等 温退火是有效的，等时退火所需的全过程时间最短；其次，+5V栅偏压退火相对于0V和浮空 偏置条件，阈值电压恢复速度快、恢复程度大；最后，利用等时退火数据对等温效应进行了 理论预估，实验等温曲线和预估结果吻合得较好. 关键词： 等温退火 等时退火 MOS器件