基于STM32和AD5933的多通道阻抗测量仪的设计与实现

针对目前传统使用的阻抗测量仪通道少、精度低、操作复杂等诸多缺点,研制了一款测量阻抗范围0~10MΩ、支持USB总线的全自动多通道阻抗测量仪;系统采用STM32F103C8T6处理器为控制核心,高精度阻抗转换芯片AD5933为测量核心,通过上位机设置AD5933配置参数即可完成多通道的单频、多频自动化测量,阻抗数据经USB总线传输至上位机存储及图形方式显示;结果表明该测量仪电路集成度高,操作简单,而且测量相对误差小于1%,性能稳定可靠。     

眼镜、放大镜、显微镜、望远镜

提出了一种采用光学投影成像和自扫描光电二极管列阵(SSPA)传感器实现隐形眼镜曲率、光学中心厚度和直径测量的新方法,基于此方法设计成功了一种新型隐形眼镜投影测量仪。介绍了仪器的测量原理、仪器结构、光电二极管列阵信号采集以及单片机控制系统的硬件和软件设计。该测量仪测量镜片曲率半径的精度优于士0.1 mm,测量镜片光学中心厚度的     

基于阿基米德定律的微小质量测量

基于阿基米德定律设计制作了一个可测量100~500 mg微小质量的测量仪,通过本仪器测量精度可达到2 mg。该测量仪原理简单,构思巧妙,全机械式结构,成本低廉,为质量测量提供了一种新方法。     

阻抗管内非标准尺寸样品的正入射吸声系数测量

针对尺寸显著小于阻抗管横截面的非标准尺寸样品,提出了一种阻抗管内非标准尺寸样品的正入射吸声系数测量方法,分析了其参数对测量结果的影响,并与标准尺寸样品(与阻抗管横截面相同)比较。首先在其旁布置一种具有特定声阻抗的同厚度的声学材料(PAM),形成与阻抗管横截面相同的表面平整的非连续阻抗试件(IAIS),然后根据GB/T 18696.2—2002测得IAIS表面声阻抗,并基于声电类比法计算得到非标准尺寸样品的表面声阻抗及其正入射吸声系数。结果表明,非标准尺寸样品的面积率越大或声扩散边界长度越小,该方法精度越高;当非标准尺寸样品为多孔材料时,选择非刚性的、声阻抗与之接近的PAM也可提高测量精度;而非标准尺寸样品为共振吸声结构时,选择刚性PAM时,本文方法仍具有一定精度。     

电化学阻抗谱在本科实验教学中的应用

电化学阻抗谱是常用的一种电化学测试技术,该方法具有频率范围广、对体系扰动小的特点,是研究电极过程动力学、电极表面现象以及测定固体电解质导电率的重要工具。本文以固体氧化物燃料电池的电化学阻抗谱的测试为例设计了一套在线分析电化学阻抗的应用课程。介绍了电化学阻抗谱的原理,数据采集方法和数据处理方法,阐述了电化学阻抗谱技术在本科实验教学中的可行性和重要性。     

制服智能选号型装置的研究与设计

针对目前国内制服号型匹配作业效率与精准度低的现状,设计出一种基于配衣参数因子的智能选制服号型装置,能实现快速、智能、精准的对个人制服号型的选择;该装置以超声波身高测量仪、电子体重计、头围测量仪、脚长测量仪、测量控制电路、数据传输转换单元等组成人体测量硬件系统,其作用主要是用于快速采集人体相关测量指标数据;在软件设计方面采用智能选号型算法,其目的是对所采集数据进行智能定量分析,最后准确的匹配出个人制服号型;试验结果表明,该装置设计理论充分且性能良好,具有广泛的应用推广前景。     

基于multisine激励与整周期采样的多频电阻抗成像系统设计

本文从周期信号的整周期采样无频谱泄露这一原理出发,提出基于multisine信号的整周期采样理论,从理论上推导出满足multisine整周期采样的采样率设置条件,构建了基于FPGA+数模转换器+模数转换器的整周期采样实现方法,研制了一种基于multisine激励和整周期采样的新型多频电阻抗成像(mfEIT)系统;设计了胡萝卜棒+黄瓜棒的双目标成像模型,并进行了多频时差成像和频差成像实验.实验表明,本mfEIT系统能够在一个基波周期(1 ms)内实现20个频率点(2—997 kHz)多目标组织边界的全频阻抗测量,成像结果可区分具有不同电特性生物组织的结构与位置.本文提出的基于multisine信号的整周期采样理论及其实现方法,只需一个multisine基波周期即可完成一次全频阻抗测量,为研制高速mfEIT系统奠定了理论和技术基础.     

LTNO表面包覆聚苯乙烯材料的制备和电流变性能

采用溶胶凝胶和表面接枝的方法， 合成了一种新型核壳结构的电流变液材料， 其组成为Li0:1(TixNi1-x)0:9O/聚苯乙烯(x=0.02，0.05)．通过透射电镜、X射线衍射和红外光谱分析方法研究了该材料的形貌和结构， 并利用宽频阻抗测量仪、静态电流变测量仪研究了该材料的介电性质和电流变性能， 进而讨论了其结构与电流变性能之间的关系．研究发现，随着Ti含量增加，Li0:1(TixNi1-x)0:9O的介电常数减小，电流变效应减弱，且聚苯乙烯包裹后，介电常数进一步下降，但电流变效应有明显增强．结果表明，利用核、壳两部分各自具有的不同电学和力学性质组合制备得到的核壳结构电流变材料，可具有很高的介电常数，合适的介电损耗以及较小的漏电流密度，其电流变性能可得到明显的提高．     

一种简单实用的小容量电容测量仪

一种简单实用的小容量电容测量仪的原理与制作     

净信号预处理结合径向基偏最小二乘回归在血糖无创检测中的应用

为了提高人体血糖近红外光谱定量分析模型的预测精度,结合净信号预处理(NAP)算法和径向基偏最小二乘(RBFPLS)回归建立了一种适合于人体血糖测量的非线性建模方法NAP-RBFPLS。本文首先利用NAP对近红外光谱进行预处理来有效地提取原始光谱中仅与葡萄糖信号相关的光谱信息,从而有效地减弱了人体血液中水、白蛋白、血红蛋白、脂肪等成分的吸收干扰以及人体体温的变化、测量仪器本身的漂移、测量环境的变化和测量条件的变化引起的干扰因素与血糖变化的偶然相关问题;然后把净信号预处理后的近红外光谱数据通过RBFPLS建立了非线性定量分析模型来解决由于人体强散射引起的血糖浓度与近红外光谱之间的非线性关系,并与偏最小二乘(PLS)、基于净信号预处理的偏最小二乘(NAP-PLS)和RBFPLS这三种建模方法建立的定量分析模型进行了对比分析。实验结果表明,这两种方法相结合建立的非线性校正模型对预测集的预测精度有了很大的提高,这将对人体血糖浓度无创检测技术的研究具有实际应用价值。     

Morpho-physiological analysis of the insect fat body: A review

The insect fat body is the main organ of the intermediate metabolism of insects. The majority of proteins of the haemolymph is synthesized in this tissue, which also presents the functions of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins storage. This tissue is also responsible for the synthesis of vitellogenins, proteins with an important role in the reproduction of the insects, being incorporated into the oocytes during vitellogenesis. The fat body consists of thin layers or strings, generally one or two cells thick, or small nodules suspended in the hemocele through connective tissues and trachea. Within a species, the structure of this tissue is more or less constant, but can have considerable differences between insects of different orders. In this way, this article makes a review about the main morpho-physiological features of the fat body cells of the insects, as well as a phylogenetic study of the fat body between basal and derived species of the Attini tribe ants.     

Metabolic effects of HAY's diet

The aim of the study was, to evaluate the metabolic effect of HAY's diet on protein turnover, fat oxidation, respiratory quotient, body fat and weight loss. Twelve healthy adults received an individually regular diet and thereafter a corresponding isocaloric and isonitrogenous 10-day HAY-diet. Protein turnover and 13C-fat oxidation were investigated after administration of [15N]glycine and an [U-13C]algae lipid mixture. The 15N and 13C enrichment in urine and breath were measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The respiratory quotient was measured by indirect calorimetry. Body fat, total body water and lean body mass were estimated by bio-electric impedance analysis. HAY's diet led to a significantly higher 13C-fat oxidation (15.4 vs. 22.0% P < 0.01), corresponding to a lower respiratory quotient (0.88 vs. 0.81; P < 0.01), whereas the protein turnover remained constant in both diets (3.06 vs. 3.05 g/kg/day). HAY's diet did not reduce total body water, lean body mass, body fat and body weight (72.2 vs. 71.4 kg).     

Inversion for acoustic impedance of a wall by using artificial neural network

A new approach for measuring acoustic impedance is developed by using artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm. Instead of using impedance tube, a rectangular room or a box is simulated with known boundary conditions at some boundaries and an unknown acoustic impedance at one side of the wall. A training data basis for the ANN algorithm is evaluated by similar source method which was developed earlier by Too and Su [Too G-PJ, Su T-K. Estimation of scattering sound field via nearfield measurement by source methods. Appl Acoust. 1999;58:261-81 (SCI) (EI)] for the estimation of interior and exterior sound field. The training data basis is constructed by evaluating of acoustic pressure at a field point with various acoustic impedance conditions at one side of the wall. Then, the inversion for unknown acoustic impedance of a wall is performed by measuring several field data and substituting these data into ANN algorithm. The simulation result indicates that the prediction of acoustic impedance is very accurate with error percentage under 1%. In addition, one field point measurement in the present approach for acoustic impedance provides more straightforward and easier evaluation than that in the two point measurement of impedance tube.     

The mechanical point impedance of the human head, with and without skin penetration

The fact that a titanium screw can be implanted into the mastoid portion of the human skull, at the same time establishing a permanent, reaction-free skin penetration, has made it possible to attach a new bone conduction hearing aid directly to the skull. To understand and improve this new method of bone stimulation, the mechanical point impedance of the titanium screw-skull system was measured. The conventional point impedance of the skin-covered mastoid portion of the temporal bone was also measured and the difference in magnitude between the two impedances was calculated. An impedance head (Brüel & Kjaer 8001) and an FFT analyzer (Hewlett-Packard 5423) were used for mechanical point impedance measurements. Seven patients have been investigated. The magnitude of the impedance for the screw-skull system was found to be generally between 10 and 30 dB higher than that for the conventional skin-covered mastoid bone. One conclusion is that the conventional point impedance of the skin-covered mastoid portion of the human skull is essentially due to the properties of the skin and subcutaneous soft tissue. Another conclusion is that a much lower stimulation velocity is needed, with skin penetration, to produce a given hearing sensation.     

矩形法兰孔孔口模态辐射阻抗的计算与分析*

针对半空间矩形法兰孔孔口模态辐射阻抗计算困难的问题,提出一种模态辐射阻抗的计算方法。该方法通过坐标变换将四重积分转换为二重积分并消除奇异积分,且将这一系列过程通过MATLAB内置函数直接实现,显著降低了模态辐射阻抗计算的复杂程度。通过对比与分析,验证了该方法的正确性,得到了自模态辐射阻抗随模态阶次增加峰值逐渐往高频移动且呈减小趋势、互模态辐射阻抗相比于自模态辐射阻抗小到可以忽略不计的性质。     

Vocal tract resonances and the sound of the Australian didjeridu (yidaki) I. experiment

The didjeridu, or yidaki, is a simple tube about 1.5 m long, played with the lips, as in a tuba, but mostly producing just a tonal, rhythmic drone sound. The acoustic impedance spectra of performers' vocal tracts were measured while they played and compared with the radiated sound spectra. When the tongue is close to the hard palate, the vocal tract impedance has several maxima in the range 1-3 kHz. These maxima, if sufficiently large, produce minima in the spectral envelope of the sound because the corresponding frequency components of acoustic current in the flow entering the instrument are small. In the ranges between the impedance maxima, the lower impedance of the tract allows relatively large acoustic current components that correspond to strong formants in the radiated sound. Broad, weak formants can also be observed when groups of even or odd harmonics coincide with bore resonances. Schlieren photographs of the jet entering the instrument and high speed video images of the player's lips show that the lips are closed for about half of each cycle, thus generating high levels of upper harmonics of the lip frequency. Examples of the spectra of "circular breathing" and combined playing and vocalization are shown.     

利用新型荧光银纳米团簇实现谷胱甘肽的快速精确检测

谷胱甘肽(GSH)是一种含有巯基的三肽分子,参与许多细胞内生化过程,具有抗氧化和整合解毒功能,在生物体内以及医学,食品等领域有着极为重要的作用。GSH参与细胞内、体液中的许多重要生化反应,其在人体内含量的变化,相应地提示了人体的健康问题。目前对GSH的检测手段有表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)、电化学分析、高效液相色谱(HPLC)等,这些方法大都操作复杂、耗时较长或者需要昂贵的仪器。利用一种新型荧光银纳米团簇(Ag NCs)作为探针,通过同时分析银纳米团簇的荧光强度变化以及荧光峰位置移动实现了GSH的高精度快速检测。在检测过程中,GSH分子与荧光探针发生化学反应,改变了荧光探针的光化学特性,其荧光强度因发生猝灭而减弱,且其荧光峰位置因配体的改变也发生移动。通过对照组实验,我们进一步证明了所发展的检测方法对GSH目标具有很好的特异性,综合考察荧光强度和波长的变化数据可以很好地区分GSH以及其他结构类似的分子,同时探针对于多种盐离子及氨基酸等不敏感,能够很好地保证检测的准确性。我们报导的荧光探针合成步骤简单,过程绿色环保,GSH检测的响应速度快、光谱波动较小、相对误差小。进一步的研究有望实现细胞内的GSH高精度检测及成像。     

A criterion for the use of linear regression analysis in the determination of low values of absorption coefficient using the impedance tube method

This article describes a quick and convenient method for estimating the percentage error associated with any measurement of absorption coefficient using the impedance tube method. A parameter Z is calculated, using constants appropriate to the tube and the decibel difference between a pressure maximum and minimum. The value of this parameter can be used as a criterion as to whether a more accurate determination, using linear regression, should be employed. The technique is valuable as an aid when low values of absorption coefficient, particularly at low frequencies, are to be measured.