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1.
本文首先评述两种主要的计算机模拟方法:Monte Carlo法和声线法;然后用本文发展的扩散反射声线法研究房间形状、吸声器分布以及吸声系数对混响的影响;最后以一个模拟教室为例,计算其混响时间,前80ms反射声的方向分布等声场参数,说明计算机模拟在房间声学中的应用。  相似文献   

2.
声线跟踪法是应用于室内声场预测的几何声学模拟经典方法之一,但该方法的计算效率随着室内空间布局复杂度的增加而降低。为了高效地应用于各种室内空间布局,提出了一种结合室内空间剖分的声线跟踪法,该方法将整个室内空间剖分成有限个凸多面体子空间,以减少在声线跟踪过程中与声线求交点的墙面数量,并省略了碰撞点有效性判断,显著提高了计算效率,尤其适用于大型复杂的室内空间布局。  相似文献   

3.
刘帅京  许枫?  杨娟 《应用声学》2021,40(6):810-820
针对海洋环境中的信道起伏变化对基于扰动声线声压敏感核的水下小目标定位算法影响较大的问题,提出了基于稳健声线扰动特征的目标定位方法,该方法首先对海洋环境中接收声场的到达结构进行分析,提取稳态的到达成分;然后通过观测稳健声线对应的接收信号在目标穿越过程中的扰动特征提取扰动声线;最后应用扰动声线类定位方法得到水下目标的定位模糊图实现定位。在浅海港口环境中开展了蛙人穿越实验,发射信号为中心频率为22.5kHz,带宽为15kHz的线性调频信号,实验数据的处理结果表明,直达路径和一次水底反射路径受信道起伏的影响较小,通过筛选稳健声线可以将扰动声线的定位方法用于自然的海洋环境。  相似文献   

4.
扰动声线声压敏感核用于浅水前向散射小目标定位   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
唐浩  许枫  杨娟 《声学学报》2019,44(4):576-584
针对收发合置声呐在浅水信道中对小目标的定位能力受强混响制约的问题,开展了利用目标前向散射的声屏障实验研究,通过计算扰动声线的声压敏感核实现了在自然环境中、非等声速条件下的小目标定位。扰动声线的声压敏感核反映的是因目标进入探测区域而扰动到的声线所包含的目标位置信息.首先,从众多本征声线中确定可以用于目标定位的扰动声线;然后,利用扰动声线的声压敏感核的空间特性实现定位。将该定位算法用于湖试数据,实现了利用20~28 kHz的线性调频信号对直径0.4 m目标球的定位。并且通过比较不同参数假设下的计算结果,发现该定位算法对于目标材质和尺寸的失配均具有较好的鲁棒性.   相似文献   

5.
海底地形变化对深海环境下的声传播和空间相关性有重要影响。基于2014年南海中南部海域不完全深海声道条件下大跨度垂直阵接收的声信号,选取平坦海底和典型不平整(存在小海底山和海底斜坡)海底两个不同传播方向上传播损失差异较大的距离,对声场垂直相关性进行了对比分析,并应用射线理论对相关性差异予以定性分析和机理解释。在不平整海底方向,在第一影区内小海底山遮挡区附近:在部分一次海底反射声线被小海底山遮挡的距离处,接收声信号主脉冲多途干涉结构相对平坦海底方向更加简单,垂直相关性增强;而在全部一次海底反射声线被小海底山遮挡的距离处,对声场起主要作用的变为二次海底反射声线,接收声信号主脉冲呈现多途干涉结构,垂直相关性降低。在第一会聚区附近:平坦海底环境下,由于两组水体中反转声线在空间垂直方向上的干涉效应,使得声场的垂直相关随接收深度增加呈现出周期性振荡的现象;而不平整海底方向,在50 km处,海底斜坡阻挡了一组水体反转声线,在大深度上只出现单会聚结构,观测不到垂直相关的周期性振荡现象;在57 km附近对声场起主要贡献的成分从水体中反转声线变成了多次海底反射声线,主脉冲多途展宽变宽,垂直相关性显著降低。研究结果对深海复杂海底地形环境下声场垂直相关性的深入分析及声呐阵列增益估计等具有重要意义。   相似文献   

6.
含圆柱形空腔吸声覆盖层的二维理论   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
发展了一种基于线性粘弹性Kelvin-Voigt模型的二维解析理论,分析声波垂直入射情况下含有周期分布圆柱形空腔的吸声覆盖层的反声和吸声特性。将覆盖层单元近似为粘弹性圆柱管,导出轴对称波的特征方程。再利用前后界面的边界条件得到这些轴对称波的共振频率和覆盖层的反射系数公式。根据理论模型计算了刚性背衬下某种材料吸声覆盖层的低频吸声性能。计算结果表明:(1)材料损耗因子越大吸声系数越大,但吸声峰值频率基本上不变,(2)覆盖层越厚吸声峰值频率越低, (3)穿孔率越小吸声峰频率越高,吸声系数峰值越大。  相似文献   

7.
声学周期结构兼具优化室内声场环境,节约建筑吸声材料的特性而在现代建筑中广泛使用。针对二维平面周期结构的声场优化特性,建立了一种吸声系数计算模型。首先,根据边界条件理论推导了吸声系数的线性方程组,继而通过数值分析方法进行求解,最后在驻波管和混响室中分别进行实验验证。实验结果表明,测量的吸声系数和理论计算曲线吻合良好,该模型可以准确测算二维平面周期结构的吸声系数。同时分析表明:在平面周期结构中,相同吸声材料面积情况下,吸声材料占比越大,吸声效果越好;在相同吸声材料面积和占比情况下,材料边缘长度越长,高频段吸声效果越好;随着材料边缘长度的减少,边缘效应影响减弱。  相似文献   

8.
界面声反射模拟是室内复杂声学现象仿真的关键。针对传统声学仿真方法对于周期散射结构存在条件下声场仿真精度较低的问题,本文发展了一种基于迭代散射模型的室内相干声线跟踪法。此方法以经典的相干声线跟踪法为基础,将室内中常见的周期散射结构进行几何形状上的简化处理,然后依据周期散射定理给出声波在界面上的散射方向及能量,并将原始声线迭代分裂为相应的散射子声线,继续对其跟踪处理,此迭代散射模型对周期散射结构上的界面散射现象进行了准确的模拟。数值验证结果表明,本文方法可以有效地在低频段提高室内声场仿真精度,可为具有复杂散射现象的室内仿真提供新思路。  相似文献   

9.
本文利用广义惠更斯-菲涅尔原理结合Goodman目标散射理论,推导出了激光探测中目标反射光的交叉谱密度函数解析式,并进一步得到了目标反射光的光强分布和空间相干长度表达式。利用得到的表达式在湍流大气条件下,分析了不同光源参数和目标反射光参数对目标反射光光强分布和相干长度的影响。研究结果表明:光源相干长度对归一化反射光强影响较小;光源束腰半径和反射光斑半径值越大接收光的相干长度值越小;随着传输距离的增加,相干长度增加越来越缓慢;在弱湍流大气传输过程中,光源参数对接收光的影响占主导作用,光源束腰半径越大接收光的光强和相干长度值越小;在强湍流大气传输过程中,大气湍流对反射光的影响起主导作用。  相似文献   

10.
基于分形理论,建立驻波声场中颗粒团动力学模型,对颗粒团的夹带系数、相位滞后和漂移系数进行数值预测。将预测结果和实验进行对比,二者吻合良好。在此基础上,研究了组成颗粒团的原生颗粒半径、数目以及排列情况对于颗粒团运动特性参数的影响。结果表明,对于由两个原生颗粒组成的颗粒团,原生颗粒半径越接近,颗粒团与等体积球形颗粒运动特性的差异越大;在分形维数一定时,随着原生颗粒数目的增多,颗粒团的夹带系数减小,相位滞后增加,漂移系数先增大后减小,颗粒团与等体积球形颗粒的动力学行为存在显著差异;原生颗粒排列趋于致密时,颗粒团的夹带系数增大,相位滞后减小,漂移系数发生单调变化,与等体积球形颗粒运动特性的差异缩小。  相似文献   

11.
Experimental data are presented on the fine structure of the sound field in an underwater sound channel for low and infralow sound frequencies. The experiments are performed in the Black Sea, on a 600-km-long path, with explosive sound sources. The intensity, space-time, and frequency characteristics of the sound field are analyzed. The geometric dispersion of the first normal wave is experimentally studied. The role of the channel inhomogeneities in the violation of the sound field coherence is determined for different frequency bands. On the basis of the experimental data, the vertical distribution of the critical frequencies of the waveguide is obtained, and the validity limits are established for the wave and ray calculation methods. The applicability of the phase methods for calculating the sound fields in waveguides with dispersion is discussed. The frequency-angular dependence of the effective sound attenuation coefficient in an underwater waveguide is revealed and explained.  相似文献   

12.
黎雪刚  杨坤德  汪勇 《中国物理 B》2011,20(7):74301-074301
Understanding the physical features of the diffracted sound field on the surface of an axisymmetric body is important for predicting the self-noise of a sonar mounted on an underwater platform.The diffracted sound field from the transition region of an axisymmetric body was calculated by the geometrical theory of diffraction.The diffraction ray between the source point and the receiving point on the surface of an axisymmetric body was calculated by using the dynamic programming method.Based on the diffracted sound field,a simulation scheme for the noise correlation of the conformal array was presented.It was shown that the normalized pressure of the diffracted sound field from the transition region reduced with the increases of the frequency and the curvature of the ray.The flow noises of two models were compared and a rather optimum fore-body geometric shape was given.Furthermore,it was shown that the correlation of the flow noise in the low frequencies was stronger than that in the high frequencies.And the flow noise received by the acoustic array on the curved surface had a stronger correlation than that on the head plane at the designed center frequency,which is important for sonar system design.  相似文献   

13.
张培珍  李秀坤  范军  王斌  林芳 《声学学报》2021,46(6):950-960
提出逆向运用傅里叶衍射定理预报水下弱散射目标三维声散射指向分布的快速计算方法。依据目标形状、周围介质的密度和声速构建三维声场图像模型,建立散射远场积分结果与图像频域幅值的关系式,提取频域中半径为水中波数k;的球型表面上的幅值,获得精细化的宽带、全方位散射声压指向特性。数值计算表明:将傅里叶衍射定理逆向运用于解决声学正问题,适用于分层的、不均匀的、非规则及多体弱散射目标散射声场的求解。通过插值提取频域样本获得远场声压的方法,避免了有限元法(3D-FEM)所必须的大规模的网格划分和迭代运算,可以有效地减少计算成本并拓展散射频率响应的带宽。在水池中完成两种具有不同声学参数和形状目标指向性测试实验,得到散射声压指向性幅度函数与理论预报相一致。   相似文献   

14.
We present a formalism for calculating the absorption coefficient of a pair of coaxial tubules. A spatially nonlocal, dynamical self-consistent field theory is obtained by calculating the electrostatic potential produced by the charge density fluctuations as well as the external electric field. There are peaks in the absorption spectrum arising from plasma excitations corresponding either to plasmon or particle-hole modes. In this Letter, we numerically calculate the plasmon contribution to the absorption spectrum when an external electric field is applied. The number of peaks depends on the radius of the inner as well as outer tubule. The height of each peak is determined by the plasmon wavelength and energy. For a chosen wave number, the most energetic plasmon has the highest peak corresponding to the largest oscillator strength of the excited modes. Some of the low-frequency plasmon modes have such weak coupling to an external electric field that they are not seen on the same scale as the modes with larger energy of excitation. We plot the peak positions of the plasmon excitations for a pair of coaxial tubules. The coupled modes on the two tubules are split by the Coulomb interaction. The energies of the two highest plasmon branches increase with the radius of the outer tubule. On the contrary, the lowest modes decrease in energy as this radius is increased. No effects due to inter-tubule hopping are included in these calculations.  相似文献   

15.
The method based on elastic parabolic equation method for calculating the sound vector field has been studied.The vector field in water and corresponding seismic wave field had been calculated for infra-sound in oceanic environment with elastic wedge bottom.The effects on sound field distribution for different frequency and depth of sound source had been researched,result shows that there is sound energy leakage into the bottom,the position where leakage occurred can be determined by the ratio of the ocean depth to the wavelength,as compared with normal mode theory.  相似文献   

16.
This research presents a thorough evaluation of the reverberation room at Acoustics Laboratory in National Institute of Standards (NIS) according to the related international standards. The evaluation aims at examining the room performance and exploring its effectiveness in the frequency range from 125 Hz to 10000 Hz according to the international standard requirements. The room, which was designed and built several years ago, is an irregular rectangular shape free from diffusers. Its volume is about 158.84 m3, which meets the requirement of the ISO 354 standard Lmax < 1.9V1/3. Cut-off frequencies of one and one-third octave are 63 Hz and 100 Hz respectively; however Schroder frequency is 400 Hz. Calculations of cut-off frequency and modal density showed adequate modes that give acceptable uniformity starting comfortably from frequency of 125 Hz. The room has a reverberation time that is suitable for its size over the frequency range of interest. The room sound absorption surface area and its sound absorption coefficient satisfy the criteria given in ISO 3741 and ISO 354. There is an accepted diffuse sound field inside the room due to the standard deviation of measured sound level, which is less than 1.5 dB over all the frequency range. The only exception was 125 Hz which may be due to a lack of diffusivity of the sound field at this frequency. The evaluation proves that the NIS reverberation room is in full agreement with the international standards, which in turns qualifies the room to host measurements inside without concerns.  相似文献   

17.
基于射线理论,以简化海底模型为基础,获得了浅海噪声场空间相干性在频域上的表示方法,并用于海底声学参数反演。将风关海洋噪声看作分布在无限大平面上的点源,通过计算噪声场垂直方向上的能量分布,进一步获得空间两点噪声场频域相干性表达式。利用数值仿真验证了模型对于不同海底类型的敏感性。并结合噪声场空间两点的频域相干性海上实验数据,反演得到该处海域的底质类型,进一步获得海底声速、密度和声衰减系数。结果表明,反演得到的海底参数与实际情况符合较好,文中提出采用的这种计算方法能够有效的反映海底反射对于噪声场空间相干性的影响,并且可在一定程度上提高反演海底声学参数效率。   相似文献   

18.
The problem of sound decay in a trapezoidal room with a nonuniform distribution of wall absorption is considered. It is shown that the sound energy decay may be either anomalously slow, obeying the law ~1/t, or fast, obeying an exponential law. It is found that the type of the decay law depends on the presence of stable ray trajectories in the room. Manifestations of stable ray trajectories in both laboratory and field experiments are demonstrated.  相似文献   

19.
Historically, two equations have been used for predicting reverberation times, Sabine and Eyring. A precise means is presented for determining Eyring absorption coefficients alpha(eyring) when the Sabine coefficients alpha(sabine) are known, and vice versa. Thus, either formula can be used provided the absorption coefficients for the Sabine formula are allowed to exceed 1.0. The Sabine formula is not an approximation to the Eyring equation and is not a shortcoming. Given low reverberation times, the ratio of alpha(sabine) to alpha(eyring) may become greater than 2.0. It is vital that, for correct prediction of reverberation times, the absorption coefficients used in either formula must have been determined in spaces similar in size and shape, with similar locations of high absorption (audience) areas, and with similar reverberation times. For concert halls, it is found that, when the audience area (fully occupied) and midfrequency reverberation time are postulated, the hall volume is directly proportional to the audience absorption coefficient. Approximately 6% greater room volumes are needed when choosing nonrectangular versus classical-rectangular shaped halls and approximately 10% greater volumes when choosing heavily upholstered versus medium upholstered chairs. Determinations of audience sound absorption coefficients are presented, based on published acoustical and architectural data for 20 halls.  相似文献   

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