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1.
一、双晶衍射仪的原理 当一束入射X射线射入第一晶体A后,从A晶体出来的衍射线,又作为第二晶体B的入射线,从B晶体出来的衍射线用计数管或底片接收进行分析.双晶衍射仪中两个晶体通常处于(n,-n)平行衍射位置.仪罩工作时,第二晶体的转角θ稍微转动,用来记录它的摆动曲线(积分曲线),以测量试样表面层的微量应变或点阵常数的微小变化. 二、仪器的理论精度 分析了W.L.Bond[1]设计的多用途双晶X射线测角仪,就可绘出双晶衍射仪的衍射几何. 测量双晶衍射仪精度的方法,是用铜Ka1辐射作硅(111)面的摆动曲线,测量半峰高宽度(简称半峰宽),再和理论计…  相似文献   

2.
在利用步辐射光源的偏振特性进行自旋相关X射线散射及吸收谱实验来研究材料的磁学性质时,需要应用圆偏振光,这就提出了对具有高通量、高偏振度' 长连续可调的圆偏振X射线的需求;另一方面标定实验所用X射线的圆偏振度也成为这一研究领域的关键技术。由于X射线多光束衍射强度与σ场和π场的光程差δ相关,通过测量圆偏振分析晶体的多光束衍射的强度分布,可以获得入射X射线的圆偏振度。实验在美国国家同步辐射光源实验室X25光束线实验站进行,光子能量为7.1keV的圆偏振X射线由线偏振X射线经过一厚度为0.5mm、晶面为[111]的金刚石晶体产生。通过测量多光束衍射强度,确定了斯托克斯参量。实验值与X射线动力学理论计算结果能较好地吻合。  相似文献   

3.
周咏东  金亿鑫 《光子学报》1996,25(5):428-433
用电化学方法制备了不发光多孔硅和发光多孔硅,用X射线双晶衍射对两类多孔硅表面进行了微结构分析和晶体质量表征,实验表明两类多孔硅的微结构间存在着很大差别。不发光多孔硅表面对X射线的双晶衍射摇摆曲线可解叠成两个峰,它们分别来自样品多孔层和单晶硅衬底,而发光多孔硅对X射线的双晶衍射摇摆曲线呈高斯对称分布,不可解叠。发光多孔硅比不发光多孔硅表面晶体质量差,且电化学腐蚀越严重,表面晶体质量下降也越严重。  相似文献   

4.
为准确测量上海光源软X射线谱学显微光束线采用的变包含角平面光栅单色仪的转角重复精度,提出了一种新的基于相位板衍射准直技术的测量方法.该方法将半导体激光单模光纤和相位板衍射准直技术结合起来,利用面阵CCD采集图像,通过测量光斑的位移变化确定平面镜和光栅的角度变化.实验表明.该方法可以测量掠入射情况下单色仪联动时的转角重复精度,测量精度可达士0.1",此测量精度优于同等实验条件下的商用ELCOMAT 3000自准直仪的测量精度.  相似文献   

5.
本文应用X射线衍射动力学理论,推导出Bragg衍射几何X射线双晶衍射反射率的数学表达式。多种晶体、不同衍射的摇摆曲线计算结果表明,σ偏振的摇摆曲线的峰值和积分强度均比π偏振的高。而且半峰宽较宽。同时指出,对圆偏振X射线入射或者A,B两晶体不同类或者两者的衍射级数不相同时,很多文献给出的双晶衍射摇摆曲线半峰宽的近似表达式21/2∞不再适用。 关键词:  相似文献   

6.
基于X射线衍射仪的X光晶体本征参量的标定   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
X光晶体本征参量的实验标定是准确鉴定X光晶体种类和品质,研制各种类型晶体谱仪,X光线谱定量测量和高分辨X光单能成像的基础.基于X射线衍射仪,通过制作平面晶体样品架,采取控制X射线管电源、滤波片选取和厚度控制等措施,极大地抑制了Cu-KJ3及韧致辐射,使X射线管光源Cu-Kα单能化,提出了用滤片作为光源单能化的判据.对X光线谱测量中常用的X光分光晶体季戊四醇[PET(002)]的晶格常量2d和Cu-Ka能点的积分衍射效率R.进行了标定方法研究,其标定值分别为(0.87425±0.00042)nm和(1.759±0.024)×10-4 Rad.基于X射线衍射仪的X光晶体本征参量的精密实验标定方法既快速高效,且十分方便和灵活.通过更换衍射仪的X射线管靶材,采取类似方法,可以标定其它能点的晶体积分衍射效率,可为X光晶体的本征参量库提供更多的标定数据.  相似文献   

7.
相干X射线衍射成像方法是一种先进的成像技术,分辨率可达纳米量级.国际上大多数的同步辐射装置和自由电子激光装置都建立了该成像方法,并有将其作为主要成像技术的趋势.上海光源作为目前国内唯一的一台第三代同步辐射光源,尚未建立基于硬X射线的相干衍射成像实验平台.随着一批以波荡器为光源的光束线站投入使用,使得该方法的建立成为了可能.本文基于上海光源BL19U2生物小角散射线站,通过有效的光路设计,搭建了相干衍射实验平台,在12 keV和13.5 keV能量点均获得了硬X射线相干光束,并基于小孔衍射测量了入射光束的空间相干长度.该平台支持常规和扫描相干衍射实验模式,对小孔衍射图样及波带片扫描衍射图样实现了正确的相位重建,证明了该平台初步具备开展硬X射线相干衍射成像实验的能力.硬X射线相干衍射成像实验平台为国内首次建立,将为国内该实验方法的发展和应用提供有效的软硬件支持.  相似文献   

8.
正衍射光栅是合肥光源光束线中重要的分光元件。本文介绍伴随合肥光源而发展起来的衍射光学元件精密加工实验室衍射光栅制备技术及相关工作进展。一、引言合肥同步辐射装置是工作在真空紫外-软X射线波段的连续光源。在真空紫外-软X射线波段通常使用光栅单色器分光,将所需的单色光从同步辐射光源中分离出来。衍射光栅是合肥光源重要的色散元件。国家同步辐射实验室成立了光学组,并逐步发展成现在的衍射光学元件精密加工实验室,  相似文献   

9.
X光晶体本征参量的实验标定是准确鉴定X光晶体种类和品质,研制各种类型晶体谱仪,X光线谱定量测量和高分辨X光单能成像的基础.基于X射线衍射仪,通过制作平面晶体样品架,采取控制X射线管电源、滤波片选取和厚度控制等措施,极大地抑制了Cu-Kβ及韧致辐射,使X射线管光源Cu-Kα单能化,提出了用滤片作为光源单能化的判据.对X光线谱测量中常用的X光分光晶体季戊四醇的晶格常量2d和Cu-Kα能点的积分衍射效率Rc进行了标定方法研究,其标定值分别为(0.874 25±0.000 42)nm和(1.759±0.024)×10-4 Rad.基于X射线衍射仪的X光晶体本征参量的精密实验标定方法既快速高效,且十分方便和灵活.通过更换衍射仪的X射线管靶材,采取类似方法,可以标定其它能点的晶体积分衍射效率,可为X光晶体的本征参量库提供更多的标定数据.  相似文献   

10.
杨宗庆  仲维卓 《物理学报》1983,32(12):1602-1607
本文以人工水晶-x面上的巴西双晶作为研究对象,在实验的基础上,利用X射线衍射形貌术和电子探针显微分析等手段,研究了双晶的形成机制,同时分析了Kern的双晶成核动力学理论的不足之处。作者提出了双晶界应变能势垒的概念,认为由于晶体的不完整性提高了晶体本身的能量状态,结果相对降低了应变能势垒的高度,使得双晶易于发生。本文结合晶体生长实验和晶体缺陷的测试,分析了双晶形成与籽晶取向、杂质、晶体缺陷的相互关系,着重指出缺陷对双晶形成的影响。本文还以凹入角生长机制讨论了双晶的发育。 关键词:  相似文献   

11.
北京同步辐射3B3中能束线X射线探测系统性能研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)的3B3中能束线的应用,在国内首次提供了一台能区在2—6keV范围、性能优良的单色X射线光源. 对光源的性能进行了研究,并完成了X射线探测器(XRD)灵敏度、滤片厚度、多种晶体衍射效率以及成像板能量响应等指标的标定.XRD标定的相对不确定度好于7%,滤片厚度的不确定度小于3.6%. 关键词: 中能X射线 同步辐射 标定  相似文献   

12.
The X‐ray Powder Diffraction (XPD) beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source II is a multi‐purpose high‐energy X‐ray diffraction beamline with high throughput and high resolution. The beamline uses a sagittally bent double‐Laue crystal monochromator to provide X‐rays over a large energy range (30–70 keV). In this paper the optical design and the calculated performance of the XPD beamline are presented. The damping wiggler source is simulated by the SRW code and a filter system is designed to optimize the photon flux as well as to reduce the heat load on the first optics. The final beamline performance under two operation modes is simulated using the SHADOW program. For the first time a multi‐lamellar model is introduced and implemented in the ray tracing of the bent Laue crystal monochromator. The optimization and the optical properties of the vertical focusing mirror are also discussed. Finally, the instrumental resolution function of the XPD beamline is described in an analytical method.  相似文献   

13.
A method to calibrate and stabilize the incident X‐ray energy for anomalous diffraction data collection is provided and has been successfully used at the single‐crystal diffraction beamline 1W2B at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facilities. Employing a feedback loop to control the movement of the double‐crystal monochromator, this new method enables the incident X‐ray energy to be kept within a 0.2 eV range at the inflection point of the absorption edge.  相似文献   

14.
The IMCA‐CAT bending‐magnet beamline was upgraded with a collimating mirror in order to achieve the energy resolution required to conduct high‐quality multi‐ and single‐wavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD/SAD) experiments without sacrificing beamline flux throughput. Following the upgrade, the bending‐magnet beamline achieves a flux of 8 × 1011 photons s?1 at 1 Å wavelength, at a beamline aperture of 1.5 mrad (horizontal) × 86 µrad (vertical), with energy resolution (limited mostly by the intrinsic resolution of the monochromator optics) δE/E = 1.5 × 10?4 (at 10 kV). The beamline operates in a dynamic range of 7.5–17.5 keV and delivers to the sample focused beam of size (FWHM) 240 µm (horizontally) × 160 µm (vertically). The performance of the 17‐BM beamline optics and its deviation from ideally shaped optics is evaluated in the context of the requirements imposed by the needs of protein crystallography experiments. An assessment of flux losses is given in relation to the (geometric) properties of major beamline components.  相似文献   

15.
The EMBL Hamburg Outstation currently operates two tunable protein crystallography beamlines suitable for single and multiple anomalous diffraction (SAD/MAD) experiments. The first beamline, designated X31, is located on a bending magnet of the DORIS III storage ring whereas the second beamline, BW7A, is positioned at a multipole wiggler at the same storage ring. X31 is equipped with an energy stabilization device to ensure constant wavelength during longer data-collection periods. The in-house built crystallographic end-station is now equipped with a Mar345 imaging-plate scanner as a detector. The wiggler beamline BW7A features a novel sagitally focusing monochromator. The end-station used here has also been developed and built in-house. The beamline is currently operated with a Mar 165 CCD detector. In this paper the hardware and software developments of the last years will be summarized and the outlook for substantial upgrades will be given. The future plans include the design and construction of a third tunable beamline, designated X12, for protein crystallography. The development of automated beamlines for protein crystallography is of particular importance with respect to structural genomics initiatives. The analysis of the projects of the last years shows the wide range of anomalous scatterer used on the tunable beamlines thus demonstrating the need of a wide range of accessible energies and fast and reliable energy changes.  相似文献   

16.
郭常霖 《物理学报》1980,29(9):1217-1221
本文详细分析了不对称Johann型单色器和不对称对数螺线型单色器的衍射几何。给出了计算X射线源焦点到单色器距离L1、射线源及聚焦线交叉区散焦宽度b1,b2的表达式。根据理论分析的结果,在试制聚焦相机时采用了近似不对称Johann型的可调弯曲石英单色器。 关键词:  相似文献   

17.
Silicon saw‐tooth refractive lenses have been in successful use for vertical focusing and collimation of high‐energy X‐rays (50–100 keV) at the 1‐ID undulator beamline of the Advanced Photon Source. In addition to presenting an effectively parabolic thickness profile, as required for aberration‐free refractive optics, these devices allow high transmission and continuous tunability in photon energy and focal length. Furthermore, the use of a single‐crystal material (i.e. Si) minimizes small‐angle scattering background. The focusing performance of such saw‐tooth lenses, used in conjunction with the 1‐ID beamline's bent double‐Laue monochromator, is presented for both short (~1:0.02) and long (~1:0.6) focal‐length geometries, giving line‐foci in the 2 µm–25 µm width range with 81 keV X‐rays. In addition, a compound focusing scheme was tested whereby the radiation intercepted by a distant short‐focal‐length lens is increased by having it receive a collimated beam from a nearer (upstream) lens. The collimation capabilities of Si saw‐tooth lenses are also exploited to deliver enhanced throughput of a subsequently placed small‐angular‐acceptance high‐energy‐resolution post‐monochromator in the 50–80 keV range. The successful use of such lenses in all these configurations establishes an important detail, that the pre‐monochromator, despite being comprised of vertically reflecting bent Laue geometry crystals, can be brilliance‐preserving to a very high degree.  相似文献   

18.
The protein crystallography beamline (PX‐BL21), installed at the 1.5 T bending‐magnet port at the Indian synchrotron (Indus‐2), is now available to users. The beamline can be used for X‐ray diffraction measurements on a single crystal of macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and their complexes. PX‐BL21 has a working energy range of 5–20 keV for accessing the absorption edges of heavy elements commonly used for phasing. A double‐crystal monochromator [Si(111) and Si(220)] and a pair of rhodium‐coated X‐ray mirrors are used for beam monochromatization and manipulation, respectively. This beamline is equipped with a single‐axis goniometer, Rayonix MX225 CCD detector, fluorescence detector, cryogenic sample cooler and automated sample changer. Additional user facilities include a workstation for on‐site data processing and a biochemistry laboratory for sample preparation. In this article the beamline, other facilities and some recent scientific results are briefly described.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) is the first high-energy, high-brilliance synchrotron radiation source in operation today and it is ideally suited to high pressure research. White-beam and monochromatic diffraction techniques are being optimized in particular for structural studies of low-Z materials and poor scatterers generally, the best example being hydrogen single crystals at very high pressures. Most high pressure measurements are carried out on a versatile beamline equipped with a wiggler and an undulator. Focusing and image plates are used in all monochromatic angle-dispersive studies. The success of the high pressure programme has so far been achieved on a non-optimized beamline, but the next phase of the programme needs an optimized facility. A beamline is being constructed to fully exploit the intrinsic qualities of this unique source and insertion devices for high pressure studies. Its main design concepts are presented.  相似文献   

20.
The design and performance of the microfocus spectroscopy beamline at the Diamond Light Source are described. The beamline is based on a 27 mm‐period undulator to give an operable energy range between 2 and 20.7 keV, enabling it to cover the K‐edges of the elements from P to Mo and the L3‐edges from Sr to Pu. Micro‐X‐ray fluorescence, micro‐EXAFS and micro‐X‐ray diffraction have all been achieved on the beamline with a spot size of ~3 µm. The principal optical elements of the beamline consist of a toroid mirror, a liquid‐nitrogen‐cooled double‐crystal monochromator and a pair of bimorph Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors. The performance of the optics is compared with theoretical values and a few of the early experimental results are summarized.  相似文献   

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