同轴数字全息技术在高速射流粒子测量中的应用

在高压加载下材料表面会产生微物质喷射，传统全息技术已应用在微物质喷射的测量中，获得包含粒子形状和位置信息的再现图像。数字全息技术作为传统全息技术的一种替代手段，直接采用CCD相机接收微喷射粒子的全息图像，再用数字方法重建粒子场，由于其避免了传统全息中干板的湿处理，并且不需要物理再现过程，具有实验过程简单方便、噪声小、实验结果直观、实时处理等优点。文中讨论了采用同轴数字全息技术测量微喷射粒子的实验情况，获得了铝飞片在爆轰加载下的微喷射粒子的数字全息图像和再现图像，给出了粒子的尺寸分布和微喷射粒子的速度。     

用阈值函数分析粒子场同轴全息非线性记录对再现像的影响

用阈值函数分析了粒子场同轴全息非线性记录对再现像的影响,从理论上得到了非线性记录影响粒子场同轴全息再现像的模型,并数值模拟了不同形状粒子在非线性记录下的再现像,得到再现像出现了边缘剪切效应.实验验证了数值模拟的结果,完善了粒子场同轴全息理论,并为粒子场同轴全息图像处理提供了光学产生边缘剪切效果,节约了图像处理的时间.     

数字全息光学实验探究及再现清晰度优化

基于数字全息光学平台的使用,进行数字全息记录、再现,以及光学全息记录的实验探究.利用HRO数字相减法,去除零级光光强,获得数字记录数字再现图像.通过设计光路获得光学记录数字再现图像,调节再现距离以及参照光光强大小增强再现图清晰度.同时,基于Matlab利用Sobel算法及Laplace算法对数字全息图进行图像优化,由此获得清晰的全息再现图.     

粒子场数字全息诊断中的再现算法研究

 粒子场的数字全息诊断中,良好的再现算法能够在较短的时间内给出高质量的再现像。利用标准粒子板模拟单层面的粒子场,使用大面阵CCD实现同轴数字全息记录,得到了大尺寸的数字全息图。针对4种数字全息再现算法,本文从再现图像的质量、再现全息图的大小和计算速度3个主要方面进行了比较研究,结果表明角谱算法(FFT-AS)具有再现图像背景均匀,再现结果中无物理图像压缩,可以再现大尺寸的全息图且具有较快计算速度的优点,适合于粒子场同轴数字全息图的再现计算。     

空气击穿效应对粒子全息像的影响

 在粒子场全息实验中,研究了4F光学成像系统不抽真空时,其内部实焦点处由于光脉冲能量聚焦引起的空气击穿现象。发现在这种情况下得到的同轴和离轴全息粒子再现像,与实焦点未被击穿时得到的正常全息再现像相比,其强度分布发生了反转。理论分析表明,这种情况是由于实焦点处空气击穿引起的空间滤波效应造成的。研究发现:在离轴粒子场全息实验中,合理调整曝光强度,利用4F系统中的空气击穿效应可以获得高清晰度的全息再现象。     

数字像面全息与同轴全息实验研究

通过采用数字像面全息与同轴全息技术拍摄透明物体以及不透明物体的全息图,并在计算机上再现。结果表明,当记录较小物体的全息图像时像面全息技术更加合适。     

Stokes参量数字全息法实现相位物体成像

为实现对相位物体的无损检测和成像,克服数字同轴全息相位物体成像技术在消除零级像和孪生像的干扰时存在的系列问题,提出一种基于Stokes参量的新的数字同轴全息技术。该方法区别于传统的利用干涉光场来记录原始像项的数字全息方法,通过测量物参光合成光束的Stokes参量来分别得到这两束光的振幅和相位差,从而准确、唯一地获得原始像项;再利用数字再现即可重构物光的振幅和相位信息。实验中对弱吸收的相位样品进行了测量,得到样品清晰的振幅和相位分布。结果表明,采用该方法对相位物体进行数字全息再现,可以克服传统同轴全息图中零级像和共轭像对相位物体信息的严重干扰,对于提取相位物体的振幅和相位信息是可行和有效的。     

多模式光学数字全息实验教学系统

研究设计了一种多模式现代光学数字全息成像实验教学系统.该系统可通过多光路模式与CcD技术相结合建立并记录数字全息图频率场,采用不同数学算法和程序实现全息图的全数字化重构再现与图像的三维测量,并通过界面设计详细演示数字全息成像的原理与过程.     

一种实现单步相移无透镜傅里叶同轴数字全息的倒频谱技术

在数字全息技术中无透镜傅里叶同轴数字全息具有高分辨,再现速度快等优点,因此有着广泛的应用前景,但它也存在再现像与直透光场及其共轭像重叠,较难分离的缺点。针对这一问题,在分析了无透镜傅里叶同轴数字全息图记录和再现原理的基础上,提出了单步相移倒频谱技术,并在理论上分析了该技术对分离出清晰再现像的可能性和该技术适用的关键条件。通过仿真实验进行了验证,结果表明:单步相移倒频谱技术能够较好地解决无透镜傅里叶同轴数字全息技术中再现像与直透光场及其共轭像重合这一困难,得到清晰的再现像;同时给出了实际实验中单步相移倒频谱技术能够适用的条件参数,这为后面的进一步实验提供了参考依据。     

基于DMD的数字全息显示及其再现像质增强

采用DMD作为空间光调制器构建了一套数字全息显示系统.分析了数字全息图光学再现中影响再现图像质量的因素,提出了一种采用频域滤波重建高条纹对比度滤波全息图来改善其光学再现图像质量的新方法.采用信噪比及图像亮度作为评价参量,对原始全息图和滤波全息图的数值再现像进行定量分析表明,滤波后全息图的再现像质量明显优于原始全息图的再现像.基于DMD数字全息显示系统的光学再现实验也验证了理论分析结果.     

同轴全息术用于粒子场测量的数值模拟

 采用数值方法模拟了同轴全息术测量粒子场的过程，对两种不同的数值算法＿直接傅里叶变换算法和卷积算法，进行了分析和比较，结果表明卷积算法符合实际要求。分析了记录图像的空间频谱及其对图像采样频率的要求，得出了在记录波长、采样间隔等条件一定的情况下的最小记录距离。对于一幅512×512像素的数字图像，若像元尺寸为6.7 μm，所用光波长为532 nm，则最小记录距离为43.2 mm。在此基础上对实验记录的振幅和相位型静态粒子的数字全息图，均得到了满意的数值再现像。     

Digital particle holographic system for measurements of spray field characteristics

A digital particle holographic system for measurements of spray fields is presented. A double exposure hologram recording system with a synchronization system for time control is established, resulting in digital holograms that can be quickly recorded. To process recorded holograms, the correlation coefficient method is used for focal plane determination of particles. To remove noise and improve the quality of holograms and reconstructed images, a Wiener filter is adopted. The two-threshold and image segmentation methods are used for binary image transformation. For particle pairing, the match probability method is adopted. The proposed system is applied to a spray field, and three-dimensional velocities and sizes of spray droplets are measured. Measurement results from the digital holographic system are compared to those made by laser instruments, which prove the feasibility of the proposed in-line digital particle holographic system as a good measurement tool for spray droplets.     

菲涅尔数字全息的脉冲响应

数字全息是用CCD记录全息图并用计算机数值重建全息像的一种全息新方法.在数字全息中,通过对不同记录参数下记录的全息图的数值处理,可以消除零级光和共轭光,从而将数字全息系统看作是一个线性系统.本文依据全息理论和付里叶频谱分析,对菲涅尔数字全息系统的脉冲响应和分辨本领进行了理论分析.结果表明,在矩形等间隔抽样的情形下,菲涅尔数字全息的脉冲响应是由CCD有限大小的孔径衍射斑调制的矩形函数;菲涅尔数字全息的分辨率由CCD的孔径尺寸决定;由于CCD像素具有一定的大小,使得点光源的像发生弥散.     

Continuous-wave terahertz in-line digital holography

A terahertz (THz) in-line digital holography project has been proposed based on a CO₂ pumped 2.52?THz continuous-wave laser and a pyroelectric-array camera used as the detector. The THz Gabor in-line digital holograms have been obtained and then the high resolution reconstruction of THz in-line digital holography was realized. The resolution of an in-line digital holography system has been tested by the use of a series of objects. High-quality and high-resolution reconstructed images have been obtained, and the real lateral resolution is higher than 0.2?mm. It can be inferred from the results that the THz Gabor in-line digital holography system has the abilities of real-time and high-resolution imaging.     

Digital Holography for Instantaneous Spray Diagnostics on a Plane

We present a measurement technique that is capable of simultaneously determining sizes and positions of multiple transparent droplets in a plane from scattered light features. The technique is largely independent of particle intensity and mutual obscuration. Reflected and refracted light from the droplets in a pulsed laser sheet is recorded holographically to yield the smallest possible probe volume and the largest possible number density. Larger droplets are best analyzed at the image plane; in this case, the droplets appear as two spots (glare points), whose separation is proportional to the droplet diameter. Smaller droplets are easier to analyze at an out‐of‐focus plane, where their images appear as fringe patterns whose spatial frequency is related to droplet size. Photographic techniques allow only one of these planes to be chosen and are therefore not suitable for multidisperse sprays. Optical holography allows to analyze arbitrary depths, but often suffers from low sensitivity and long analysis times. With digital holography, the spray images are captured digitally by a CCD camera and reconstructed numerically; as in optical holography, the particle reconstruction plane can be freely chosen a posteriori to optimize the measurement. We discuss the issues raised by the transition from holographic film to a CCD sensor as the recording medium, and demonstrate the capabilities of the digital technique.     

基于Hilbert变换实现数字全息高精度相位重建

为了提高数字全息相位重建精度,研究了基于Hilbert变换重建相位的理论和方法,并通过像面数字全息实验对该方法的有效性进行了验证,同时与数字全息常规重建方法得到的结果进行了比较.结果表明:Hilbert变换本身具有消除直流项的作用,对利用频域滤波滤除零级谱后的全息图进行Hilbert变换,能够彻底消除零级衍射项的干扰,从而提高相位重建精度.与常规重建结果相比,基于Hilbert变换的相位重建结果的标准偏差降低了14.0%.本文结果对提高数字全息相位重建精度具有重要的指导意义.     

Twin-image problem in digital holography—a survey(Invited Paper)

Zero-order and twin images are a serious obstacle in achieving a high-quality output in in-line digital holography （DH）. They decrease the useful bandwidth of the off-axis DH. Over the years the twin image removal problem was approached both by instrumental and numerical means. The paper provides an extended survey of the proposed solutions with their pros and cons as a guide for further advance in this field. Processing of a single spatial carrier fringe pattern involves spatial filtering in the frequency domain, spatial phase-shifting （PS） or wavelet transform. A point source digital holographic microscopy （DHM）, introduction of calibration measurements or various modifications of PS technique are instrumental solutions to the twin image problem for in-line DH. Numerical solutions to the same problem include iterative and non-iterative approaches, diffraction-based and inverse problem solutions, reconstruction of purely real or phase objects and of complex objects, reconstruction of plane and volume objects. Elimination only of the zero-order image relies on non-linear filtering or additional calibration measurements.     

Digital holography particle image velocimetry for the measurement of 3Dt-3c flows

In this paper a digital in-line holographic recording and reconstruction system was set up and used in the particle image velocimetry for the 3Dt-3c (the three-component (3c), velocity vector field measurements in a three-dimensional (3D), space field with time history (t)) flow measurements that made up of the new full-flow field experimental technique—digital holographic particle image velocimetry (DHPIV). The traditional holographic film was replaced by a CCD chip that records instantaneously the interference fringes directly without the darkroom processing, and the virtual image slices in different positions were reconstructed by computation using Fresnel–Kirchhoff integral method from the digital holographic image. Also a complex field signal filter (analyzing image calculated by its intensity and phase from real and image parts in fast fourier transform (FFT)) was applied in image reconstruction to achieve the thin focus depth of image field that has a strong effect with the vertical velocity component resolution. Using the frame-straddle CCD device techniques, the 3c velocity vector was computed by 3D cross-correlation through space interrogation block matching through the reconstructed image slices with the digital complex field signal filter. Then the 3D-3c-velocity field (about 20 000 vectors), 3D-streamline and 3D-vorticiry fields, and the time evolution movies (30 field/s) for the 3Dt-3c flows were displayed by the experimental measurement using this DHPIV method and techniques.