一种基于共享孔径Fabry-Perot谐振腔结构的宽带高增益磁电偶极子微带天线

设计了一种工作于X波段的基于共享孔径Fabry-Perot(F-P)谐振腔结构的宽带高增益磁电偶极子微带天线,并设计了三种不同尺寸的双层频率选择表面(FSS)单元,通过共享孔径布阵组成了超材料覆层.利用三种FSS单元的相位补偿特性,有效拓展了覆层天线的增益带宽.实测和仿真结果均表明,加载超材料覆层后,磁电偶极子天线在7.8—12.3 GHz内S_(11)-10 d B,相对带宽达到44.7%,覆盖整个X波段.天线增益在7.9—12.1 GHz内均有明显的提高,最大提高了7 d B.相较于传统的F-P谐振腔结构覆层天线,设计的基于共享孔径的F-P谐振型超材料覆层天线能够明显拓展天线增益带宽,在新型宽带高增益天线设计方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

一种性能稳定的新型频率选择表面及其微带天线应用

设计了一种基于分形树结构的高性能频率选择表面(frequency selective surface,FSS),并将其作为微带天线的空间滤波器,同时改善天线的辐射与散射性能.该FSS单元是由两层金属及其中间介质组成,上、下层金属采用金属柱连结,整体构成树枝状分形结构.通过优化参数,得到了一种宽带、极化无关、宽入射角、小型化的超薄FSS,厚度只有约0.017λ.将该FSS应用于微带天线后,天线的相对带宽拓展到40%,工作频段内的增益得到改善,9.6 GHz时,天线的增益提高了6.7 dB,同时,天线工作频带内的雷达散射截面(radar cross section,RCS)也得到了明显减缩,最大减缩为12.7 dB.实验结果与仿真结果符合得较好,证实了该空间滤波器具有提高宽带天线增益、增强天线定向性、改善天线带宽与降低天线带内RCS的效果,可以应用于宽带天线带内辐射与散射性能的同时改善.     

用于胶囊内窥镜的宽频圆极化石墨烯天线设计

为了提高胶囊内窥镜天线的工作性能,提高天线抗干扰能力和兼容性,进一步缩小尺寸,设计了一种基于石墨烯的用于胶囊内窥镜的宽频圆极化天线。该天线由3层辐射单元和地板构成,利用石墨烯薄膜优良的导电性能,制作天线的各层辐射单元和地板以有效增强胶囊天线的工作带宽与增益,提高传输效率并降低损耗。通过4个短路探针使第1层与第2层辐射单元相连接,构成复合螺旋天线,进而产生圆极化特性,既能减少误码率又能抑制多径干扰,并且能够更加高效地耦合电磁能量,有效改善阻抗匹配并调节圆极化纯度。详细分析了第1层、第2层和第3层辐射单元开口圆环尺寸、石墨烯薄膜厚度、天线摄入环境(胃、小肠、结肠等)对天线性能的影响。测试结果表明,设计的体积仅为π×4.52×1.905 mm3,阻抗带宽为2.2～2.78 GHz,轴比带宽为2.26～2.66 GHz,增益为-22.9 dBi,实际测量与仿真结果吻合良好,工作频段内辐射特性稳定,与现有技术相比,本文设计天线外形兼容性强,功能带宽更宽,具有宽频带、圆极化、抗干扰、电磁兼容性好、体积小等特点。该天线适用于ISM 2.4 GHz频段,能满足胶囊内窥镜摄入不同消化器官的工作要求。     

基于单层线-圆极化转换聚焦超表面的宽带高增益圆极化天线设计

基于线-圆极化转换原理和聚焦超表面相关理论,设计了一种反射型宽带线-圆极化转换聚焦超表面,并结合线极化馈源设计了宽带的高增益圆极化天线.首先,提出了一种单层的变形十字超表面单元,单元具有极化独立特性,并且能够在10—14 GHz宽频带范围实现对反射波相位360?范围全调控,同时利用该单元构建的一维超单元很好地验证了奇异反射现象.然后,分别控制单元横向和纵向尺寸的分布构建出同时满足线-圆极化转换和聚焦条件的双功能超表面.最后,采用Vivaldi天线作为馈源对超表面进行照射组成天线系统,仿真及测试结果均表明天线系统同时实现了高增益和线-圆极化转换,系统的-1 d B带宽为24%,-3 d B轴比带宽为29.8%.本文的设计充分体现了超表面对电磁波相位和极化操控的灵活性,具有显著的应用前景.     

基于单层反射超表面的宽带圆极化高增益天线设计

基于Pancharatnam-Berry相位原理, 设计了一种宽带圆极化反射聚焦超表面并将其应用到提高天线增益中. 首先提出了一种变形十字超表面单元, 在11-16 GHz频带范围内能够实现高效同极化转换, 并基于该单元构建了宽带反射聚焦超表面. 仿真结果表明, 垂直入射的右旋圆极化平面波宽带聚焦效果明显. 然后利用单向阿基米德螺旋天线对超表面进行照射, 其辐射的球面波经超表面反射后得到了近平面波, 有效地提高了天线的增益. 最终对所设计的天线系统进行加工并测试, 结果表明系统的-1 dB增益带宽达到25% (12.5-16 GHz), 在该频带范围内峰值增益均高于19 dBc且轴比小于3 dB. 此外, 在12-15.5 GHz范围内天线口径效率均超过50%.     

宽带Ka波段平面反射阵列天线设计

平面反射阵列天线的发展受到了带宽与功率容量两方面限制。为此,本文首先基于多谐振技术提出了一种新型平面反射阵列单元结构,相比于传统单元,所提出单元结构具有功率容量高、剖面低且相移曲线线性度好的特点。其次利用所提出单元,通过优化阵面特性在Ka波段设计了包含20×20个单元的平面反射阵列天线。最后利用电磁仿真软件进行模拟计算,结果显示在中心频点35 GHz处,天线峰值增益为27.58 dBi,口径效率为52.33%,副瓣小于?16.08 dB,并且在30.41～39.64 GHz频率范围内（相对带宽26.37%）天线增益跌落小于3 dB,并且所设计平面反射阵列天线最大功率容量可以达到 13.99 MW,功率密度为218.54 W/mm2。     

X波段高功率宽频带双螺旋反射阵列天线的设计

为了提升高功率微波辐射天线的带宽,提出并设计了一种X波段高功率圆极化反射阵列天线,该天线采用喇叭天线作为馈源,阵列天线单元由可旋转金属双螺旋线构成,通过旋转螺旋线可以实现360°的相位补偿,同时反射损耗极小。设计了15×15矩形栅格螺旋反射阵列天线,全波仿真结果表明:该口径为315 mm的阵列天线在中心频点9.3 GHz下,增益为28 dB,轴比为0.53 dB,口径效率为52.6%;在8.5~10.9 GHz的频带范围内增益大于26.8 dB,轴比小于1.14 dB,1 dB增益带宽和40%以上口径效率带宽均大于21%;在真空中所能承受的最大功率约为207 MW。     

超薄宽带平面聚焦超表面及其在高增益天线中的应用

针对相位梯度超表面在灵活操控电磁波与提高天线增益中的潜在应用,提出一种新型的宽带超表面单元,实现了在较宽频带范围内操控电磁波波前与提高天线增益.本文首先设计了一种圆环十字形对称单元来控制反射波的相移量,单元厚度为1 mm,尺寸为0.3λ_0(λ_0=20 mm),工作频段15—18 GHz,而后验证了由该单元组成的相位梯度超表面在15—18 GHz范围内对电磁波的奇异反射与聚焦特性.最后将设计的反射聚焦超表面应用于提高天线增益中,仿真与测试结果均表明,天线最高增益在15—18 GHz内平均增加了11 d B且-1 dB增益带宽为15—18 GHz(相对带宽为18.2%).由于厚度薄、重量轻、频带宽,设计的该单元拓展了相位梯度超表面在微波领域的应用,有望为高增益天线的实现提供新的方法.     

C/Ku波段共口径宽角度扫描相控阵天线

设计了一款具有高功率容量与宽角度扫描特性的C/Ku双频段共口径平面相控阵天线。在同一辐射口径内,相控阵天线包含有基于平面偶极子单元的C波段4×4阵列,以及基于混合零阶谐振贴片单元的Ku波段8×9阵列。所设计的相控阵天线的宽角度扫描性能归功于双频段阵元天线的宽波束辐射特性。下层混合零阶谐振贴片天线既能作为Ku波段的宽波束辐射单元,又能够为C波段的偶极子天线提供零反射相位,进而基于镜像原理拓宽偶极子天线的波束宽度。并且,对天线进行了介质埋入式设计,避免了空气击穿以提高天线系统功率容量。全波仿真结果表明,所提出的共口径相控阵天线在C和Ku双频段均实现了±45°的波束扫描,增益波动小于3 dB,天线阵列在各单元输入功率之和为1 W时功率容量达18.9 MW。     

TEM喇叭天线低频辐射分析与天线设计

在超宽带TEM喇叭天线的设计中, 如何改善天线的低频性能是目前研究的关键问题。通过分析天线的阻抗渐变特性与时域辐射特性, 设计了一种新型TEM喇叭天线, 解决了天线末端反射的问题, 提高了天线低频性能。与传统的TEM喇叭天线相比, 新型TEM喇叭天线在全频段减小了方向图后瓣, 提高了低频时天线辐射主轴增益, 拓展了低频带宽。验证实验表明, 该天线带宽为160 MHz~2.5GHz, 180 MHz主轴增益2.3dB, 全频段方向图后瓣小于-2dB, 尺寸为48.5cm×38.1cm×35cm, 同时兼顾了天线的小型化与低频带宽。     

Novel Broadband Reflectarray Antenna with Windmill-Shaped Elements for Millimeter-Wave Application

A novel broadband millimeter-wave reflectarray antenna composed of windmill-shaped elements of variable lengths is proposed. Compared to the conventional single-layer reflectarray elements, the windmill-shaped elements can realize much larger phase variation range (over 600°), leading to broader bandwidth. Using this technique, a 15°-beam-steering reflectarray operating at 30 GHz is designed. The computed results demonstrate the agreement of the main beam steering with the design requirement, and a 1-dB gain bandwidth close to 20% is obtained. The validity of the obtained results is verified by comparing the ones generated by Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) with those produced by Ansoft Designer. The antenna is useful for millimeter-wave applications. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 90505001), the High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No. 2006AA01Z275), and the Creative Research Group Program of UESTC.     

High gain and circularly polarized substrate integrated waveguide cavity antenna array based on metasurface

Two substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity antenna arrays based on metasurface are proposed in this paper. By rotating the metasurface element, circularly polarized and high gain antennas are achieved respectively. Firstly, multi-mode resonance theory is employed to broaden the bandwidth of the slot antenna. And then, an SIW cavity composed of 4×4 cornercut elements is added on the top of the slot antenna to achieve the circular polarization and improve the front-to-back ratio. Thirdly, the metasurface elements are sequentially rotated and a high gain antenna with 2-dBi enhancement on average in the operation band is obtained. Based on the two antenna units, two 2×2 antenna arrays are designed. The circularly polarized and high gain antenna arrays are both fabricated to verify the correctness. Furthermore, the novel wideband phase shifter is employed in the circularly polarized antenna to obtain an operating bandwidth of 38% (4.05 GHz-5.95 GHz) and AR bandwidth of 24.9% (4.4 GHz-5.65 GHz). The bandwidth of the high gain antenna can reach 42.7% (3.95 GHz-6.1 GHz) and with the gain enhancement of 2 dBi compared with that of the circularly polarized antenna. The gain remains steady in most of operating band within a variation of 1 dBi. It is remarkable that the rotating of the metasurface element has a great influence on the antenna performance, which provides a new explication for the multi-function antenna design.     

一种波束扫描超材料天线的设计

设计了一种结合正方形和八边形环的波束扫描超材料平面反射阵列天线。相比于传统的阵列天线设计,运用了新的相位补偿方法,即通过组合反射阵列单元在介质基板的材料不同时得到的相位曲线实现0~360°的相位补偿,使得阵列单元的相位曲线不需要完全覆盖0~360°,并且采用埃尔米特插值的方式解决相位特性曲线线性度差的问题。该方法的优势是具有广泛适应性,降低了对阵列单元的设计要求。利用这种方法设计了几款单层平面反射阵列天线,仿真结果显示反射波束方向与预期设定值相符合,且副瓣与主瓣都相差至少15 dB。通过调节超材料固态等离子体激励区域的范围即改变阵列单元的谐振结构,实现了空间波束扫描,为平面反射阵列天线的设计提供了一种新思路。     

高增益宽带圆极化Vivaldi天线阵的设计

提出了一种由新型Vivaldi天线单元构成的22十字交叉圆极化天线阵。Vivaldi天线单元采用边缘渐变对拓的锯齿结构,提高了天线在4.7～7.0 GHz频带内的增益,其反射系数低于-10 dB的带宽为2.4～11.0 GHz,具有超宽带线极化特性。圆极化天线阵测量结果显示,在4.5～7.0 GHz频带范围内,其轴比均低于3 dB,且整个频带范围内增益达11～13 dBi。     

Single-layer broadband planar antenna using ultrathin high-efficiency focusing metasurfaces

Phase gradient metasurfaces(PGMS) offer a fascinating ability to control the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic(EM) waves on a subwavelength scale, resulting in new applications of designing novel microwave devices with improved performances. In this paper, a reflective symmetrical element, consisting of orthogonally I-shaped structures, has been demonstrated with an approximately parallel phase response from 15 GHz to 22 GHz, which results in an interesting wideband property. For practical design, a planar antenna is implemented by a well-optimized focusing metasurface and excited by a self-designed Vivaldi antenna at the focus. Numerical and experimental results coincide well. The planar antenna has a series of merits such as a wide 3-d B gain bandwidth of 15–22 GHz, an average gain enhancement of 16 d B, a comparable aperture efficiency of better than 45% at 18 GHz, and also a simple fabrication process. The proposed reflective metasurface opens up a new avenue to design wideband microwave devices.     

A High Gain and Broadband C-Band Aperture-Coupled Patch Antenna

A aperture-coupled patch antenna is designed with parasitic elements connecting to the rectangle ring on the bottom of antenna substrate through metal vias, which lead the current induced by patch radiator to the top surface of antenna substrate. Therefore, the effective radiation is enhanced and higher gain is achieved. The bandwidth is broadened simultaneously due to the structure of aperture-coupled patch antenna with parasitic elements. Compared to the conventional aperture-coupled patch antenna, the antenna gain increases averagely 2 dB due to the novel structure. Compared to patch antenna of electromagnetic band-gap, the dimensions of novel patch antenna greatly decreases, which can be used as element in the array antenna. Two kinds manufactured antenna are both measured in an anechoic chamber. The good agreements between numerical simulation and experimental prototype have been obtained.