Scaling of the flow field in a combustion chamber with agas——gas injector

The scaling of the flowfield in a gas--gas combustion chamber is investigated theoretically, numerically and experimentally. To obtain the scaling criterion of the gas--gas combustion flowfield, formulation analysis of the three-dimensional (3D) Navier--Stokes equations for a gaseous multi-component mixing reaction flow is conducted and dimensional analysis on the gas--gas combustion phenomena is also carried out. The criterion implies that the size and the pressure of the gas--gas combustion chamber can be changed. Based on the criterion, multi-element injector chambers with different geometric sizes and at different chamber pressures ranging from 3~MPa to 20~MPa are numerically simulated. A multi-element injector chamber is designed and hot-fire tested at five chamber pressures from 1.64~MPa to 3.68~MPa. Wall temperature measurements are used to understand the similarity of combustion flowfields in the tests. The results have verified the similarities between combustion flowfields under different chamber pressures and geometries, with the criterion applied.     

Speaker identification based on complete feature corpusand evaluation of mutual information

A speaker model called complete feature corpus (CFC) and an evaluation algorithm of mutual information (MIE) are proposed for text-independent speaker identification. The CFC model represents the speech and pronunciation characteristics of speaker by a feature vector corpus which was trained from some typical speech samples. It hires multi-step mini-max search matching scheme for MIE algorithm to evaluate the similarity of speech features between input speech and the models in distance and information space. Maximum mutual information (MMI) decision criterion is used to decide the identity of speaker. Experiments on performance analysis with comparison to GMM method show that proposed model and evaluation algorithm are quite effective and presented a higher performance than ordinary GMM method.     

Chaotic motion of the dynamical system under both additive and multiplicative noise excitations

With both additive and multiplicative noise excitations, the effect on the chaotic behaviour of the dynamical system is investigated in this paper. The random Melnikov theorem with the mean-square criterion that applies to a type of dynamical systems is analysed in order to obtain the conditions for the possible occurrence of chaos. As an example, for the Duffing system, we deduce its concrete expression for the threshold of multiplicative noise amplitude for the rising of chaos, and by combining figures, we discuss the influences of the amplitude, intensity and frequency of both bounded noises on the dynamical behaviour of the Duffing system separately. Finally, numerical simulations are illustrated to verify the theoretical analysis according to the largest Lyapunov exponent and Poincaré map.     

Indirect inverse substructuring identification method for coupling dynamic stiffness of vibrational structures

Coupling dynamic stiffness is a key parameter in vibrational analysis of complex coupled structures, for both estimation of structural vibrational characteristics and design of vibration control. An indirect method of inverse substructuring analysis to identify the stiffness is studied further by using frequency response functions that are tested on the models of coupled structures. The theoretical effectiveness of this method is here verified by two ‘mass-rubber' experimental models constructed as two-level substructures with mono-coupling and tri-coupling connections, and the identification error is also analyzed. The coincidence of numerical and experimental results show that the indirect method has better feasibility and effectiveness than the existing direct method of inverse substructuring analysis, and with more applicable conditions and higher acceptable precision in determining the stiffness. It provides more solid theoretical basis for the stiffness identification by inverse substructuring analysis.     

Adaptive Impulsive Outer Synchronization Between Drive-Response Dynamical Networks

In this paper, outer synchronization between drive-response dynamical networks is investigated. Impulsive control combining with adaptive strategy is adopted to design controllers for achieving the goal. Based on the Lyapunov function method and mathematical analysis technique, a synchronization criterion with respect to the impulsive gains and intervals is analytically derived. From the criterion, the impulsive gains can adjust themselves to proper values when the impulsive intervals and some constants are fixed, and vice versa. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the derived result.     

Influence of the environmental noise on determining the period of a torsion pendulum

The environmental noise can restrict the accuracy of period estimation since the torsion pendulum is sensitive to weak forces. Two typical models for the environmental noise are proposed to make an evaluation. Generally, the stationary environmental noise is modeled as a white noise, and contributes to the period uncertainty as a function of the initial amplitude, the quality factor, the variance of noise and the time length. As to a sudden sharp disturbance acting on the pendulum, a narrow impulse model is constructed. It results in a sharp jump in the phase difference, which can be excluded with the 3σ criterion for a correction. An experimental data analysis for the measurement of the gravitational constant G with the time-of-swing method shows that the period uncertainty due to the environmental noise is about one and a half times the fundamental thermal noise limit. Though this result is dependent on the ambient environment, the analysis is instructive to improve the measurement accuracy of experiments.     

Error analysis on dihedral angle of corner-cube reflectors in Fourier transform spectrometer北大核心CSCD

Fourier transform spectrometer is an important spectral analysis instrument. To research the influence of the dihedral angle error of corner-cube reflectors on interference quality of oscillating Fourier transform spectrometer, the theoretical analysis and computer simulation were carried out. According to the oscillating Fourier transform spectrometer model, the mathematical expressions of the interference intensity and modulation depth with dihedral angle error were deduced. The tolerance of dihedral angle was determined by the modulation depth criterion. The optical design software Zemax was used to establish the model for simulation and verify the results of theoretical derivation. According to the modulation depth criterion, the tolerance of dihedral angle obtained by the theoretical model is 2.52″, and that obtained by the Zemax simulation is 2.38″. The error is 0.14″, which is acceptable. The analysis results show that the established theoretical model is reasonable, which has certain reference value for the design and installation of oscillating Fourier transform spectrometers. © 2022 Editorial office of Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

Perturbation to Lie-Mei Symmetry and Adiabatic Invariants for Birkhoffian Systems

Based on the concept of adiabatic invariant, the perturbation to Lie-Mei symmetry and adiabatic invariants for Birkhoffian systems are studied. The definition of the perturbation to Lie-Mei symmetry for the system is presented, and the criterion of the perturbation to Lie-Mei symmetry is given. Meanwhile, the Hojman adiabatic invariants and the Mei adiabatic invariants for the perturbed system are obtained.     

Perturbation to Mei Symmetry and Adiabatic Invariants for Nonholonomic Systems in Terms of Quasi-Coordinates

Abstract Based on the concept of adiabatic invariant, the perturbation to Mei symmetry and adiabatic invariants for nonholonomic mechanical systems in terms of quasi-coordinates are studied. The definition of the perturbation to Mei symmetry for the system is presented, and the criterion of the perturbation to Mei symmetry is given. Meanwhile, the Mei adiabatic invariants for the perturbed system are obtained.     

The time-delay estimation method of resolving left-right target ambiguity for twin-line array and its realization

The directivity function of twin-line array sonar can be used to identify left/right target. But the performance is limited by the distance between two lines and also exists the blind area for target identification. A method, which is based on the time-delay estimation between two line arrays, is proposed to identify left/right target. The method is robust with the variation of distance between two line array, the blind area is considerable decreased. The theoretical analysis results and realization method is described. An algorithm base on interpolation method for precisely estimating tune-delay of two line array are derived, therefore the left-right ambiguity problem is solved.     

甲基苯丙胺、氯胺酮、海洛因、可卡因 红外光谱快速定性分析方法研究

建立了可用于甲基苯丙胺、氯胺酮、海洛因、可卡因快速定性鉴定分析的衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)方法,采用特征吸收峰作为定性判别依据。长期以来,由于缺乏合适的定性判别依据,红外光谱法仅被用于毒品的快速定性筛查分析。为扩大红外光谱法在禁毒领域的应用,收集并分析了1 380份各类缴获毒品样品,对特征吸收峰法和簇类独立软模式法(SIMCA)两种定性判别方法进行了考察和比较。在标准品化合物红外光谱图的2 500~650 cm-1范围内挑选5~8个相对吸收强度较高且不受常见掺杂物干扰的吸收峰作为特征吸收峰。采用特征吸收峰法(全部特征吸收峰均检出)作为定性分析依据时,646份验证样品的阳性检出率为98.1%。采用516份建模样品建立了不同盐型毒品的SIMCA定性判别模型,并对646份验证样品进行了定性分类,总识别率为95.4%,拒绝率为100%。结果表明,特征吸收峰法和SIMCA法均具有专属性强、定性结果准确可靠的特点;但特征吸收峰法操作简单,即使是没有红外光谱知识背景的一线民警在经过简单培训后也可掌握,利于推广和普及;而SIMCA模型的建立需要大量有代表性的建模样品和专业的数理统计软件,推广和普及难度较大。基于特征吸收峰的ATR-FTIR法将极大提高我国毒品样品定性检验的鉴定效率、降低检验鉴定成本。     

中国东北区域盛夏雨季的客观识别

鉴于我国东北三省雨季客观识别方法不尽相同,且无东北区域统一的雨季监测指标.为了更好地开展区域关键天气过程的客观化识别和监测,本文从区域角度出发,采用东北三省102站逐日降水量资料,通过对东北区域多年平均5点平滑处理的4月1日—10月31日逐日降水量序列的综合分析,及对历年逐日滑动平均雨量的对比试验,确定了东北盛夏雨季判别的阈值参数及通过阈值后的持续时间参数,进而研发了适合东北区域盛夏雨季开始和结束日期的客观识别方法.并采用美国环境预报中心和国家大气研究中心逐日再分析的风场、位势高度场资料,通过对盛夏雨季前、中、后期不同高度层大气环流场的对比分析,验证了该客观识别方法的合理性.结果表明,东北区域1981—2010年气候态平均的盛夏雨季的起止日期分别为每年的6月26日和8月30日.     

The method of entropy minimax in the problem of identification of linear dynamic objects

Reducing the problem of identification to a problem of spectral analysis, we propose a recurrent procedure of calculations using the informational criterion of the entropy minimax. Its relation to the known solution of the problem by the least squares method is considered. The results of mathematical simulation are given. It is shown that the method of entropy minimax improves the quality of identification and the speed of convergence, and, as a result, minizizes requirements on the length of the analyzed sample.State Technical University, Nizhny Novgorod. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 415–421, May, 1995.     

Parametric time domain analysis of the multiple input/scalar output problem: The source identification problem

A multiple input/scalar output stationary time series identification problem is considered from a parametric model time domain point of view. Particular emphasis is on the source identification problem. Closed form formula estimates of the individual source power contributions are expressed in terms of sample correlations that are obtained from the observed input and output time series and from parametric models fitted to that data. The estimates of the noise power contributions are asymptotically jointly normally distributed. The mean values and covariance matrix of those estimates yield confidence interval estimates of the individual and joint power contributions.The motivation for developing a rational polynomial transfer function or ARMA model of the multi-input scalar output plus additive noise situation is given. A two correlated input/single output version of this model is considered for a Monte Carlo simulation study. Parametric ARMA and approximate AR models are fitted to the simulated data. The asymptotic normality, and the distribution of the mean and covariances of the source power contribution computed from the ARMA and AR models are appraised.Several facets of the relative performance of windowed periodogram and AR model spectral analysis are examined for the multiple input/scalar output identification problem. The points that are emphasized are that conventional windowed periodogram spectral analysis is subjective, not particularly satisfactory for the sharp spectral peak situation that is commonly encountered in vibration data analysis and very likely not as good as “objective” Akaike criterion order AR modelled spectral analysis.     

Mathematical modeling of randomness and fuzziness phenomena in scientific studies. II. Applications

This paper considers some elements of the optimal fuzzy decision theory that are similar to the optimal statistical decision theory, in particular, the theory of optimal fuzzy identification and optimal fuzzy hypothesis testing, such as Neyman–Pearson statistical hypothesis testing and optimal fuzzy estimation along with a sequential fuzzy identification algorithm similar to the Wald sequential statistical criterion. Some elements of the fuzzy measuring and computing transducer theory and its applications in the problems of the analysis and interpretation of measurement experiment data are given.     

基于顺序假设的异常值识别方法

针对样本标准偏差未知的情况,提出了基于顺序假设的异常值识别方法.仿真实验表明该方法能同时对多个异常值进行识别,与拉依达准则相比较,该方法对异常值具有更高的识别率.     

Detection and identification of hidden explosives in photonuclear detection systems

A method for the photonuclear detection of explosives is described. The algorithm allowing identification of substances by the relative concentrations of carbon and nitrogen contained in them is considered in detail. Computer simulation was used to demonstrate that setups for the detection of explosives based on the photonuclear method can considerably surpass the devices used for this purpose at present with respect to the combined sensitivity-performance-reliability criterion.     

Blur identification and restoration of degraded images using generalized cross-validation criterion

In this paper, we describe blur identification and restoration of noisy degraded images. The point-spread function (PSF) can be characterized by the quantity of blur. Thus the blur identification problem can be solved as a parameter estimation problem. The estimation method is a generalized cross-validation (GCV) criterion that is known as a powerful measure that can be used to choose the optimal regularization parameter without a priori knowledge about noise. We use the iterative damped-1east squares (DLS) algorithm which is based on the principle of damped least-squares for restoring noisy degraded images.     

Quantum system identification

The aim of quantum system identification is to estimate the ingredients inside a black box, in which some quantum-mechanical unitary process takes place, by just looking at its input-output behavior. Here we establish a basic and general framework for quantum system identification, that allows us to classify how much knowledge about the quantum system is attainable, in principle, from a given experimental setup. We show that controllable closed quantum systems can be estimated up to unitary conjugation. Prior knowledge on some elements of the black box helps the system identification. We present an example in which a Bell measurement is more efficient to identify the system. When the topology of the system is known, the framework enables us to establish a general criterion for the estimability of the coupling constants in its Hamiltonian.     

Use of speckle interferometry and modal assurance criterion for identification of component modes

One of the problems encountered in performing modal analysis is the identification of different modes occurring at close natural frequencies. This paper proposes to face such a problem by an original application of the modal assurance criterion (MAC) that is typically used to verify the reliability of numerical structural models by evaluating the correspondence between numerical and experimental mode shapes. To properly apply the MAC, experimental mode shapes must be retrieved acquiring data at a high number of experimental points suitably distributed on the surface of the structure. Using usual modal analysis techniques based on pointwise transducers, difficulties can be encountered to retrieve mode shapes with the required spatial resolution. In order to overcome such difficulties, Speckle interferometry techniques can be used. This paperproposes a procedure based on the application of a highly reliable MAC evaluated by time average Speckle interferometry for recognising the modes contributing to the stationary vibration patterns. The results obtained from the modal analysis of a thin square plate have shown that the proposed procedure is capable of pointing out the component modes.