Study on holographic grating diffraction for Laguerre--Gaussian beam generation

Laguerre-Gaussian beams, as a special model with spiral phase structure, have been intensively investigated. Holographic grating method is a convenient method of generating Laguerre-Gaussian beams and measuring their orbital angular momenta. But due to some inevitable adverse factors such as lateral displacement, angular deflection and elliptical incident profile of incident beam, the practical effectiveness should be reevaluated. This paper is devoted to the study on the influences of the abovementioned three adverse factors on the holographic grating method. The characteristics of the mode decomposition of diffractive order and the relative powers of the orbital angular momentum eigen-states are also given.     

Large Positive and Negative Lateral Shifts from an Anisotropic Metamaterial Slab Backed by a Metal

The lateral shift of a light beam at the surface of an anisotropie metamaterial （AMM） slab backed by a metal is investigated. Analytical expressions of the lateral shifts are derived using the stationary-phase method, in the case that total reflection does and does not occur at the first interface. The sign of the lateral shift in two situations is discussed, and the necessary conditions for the lateral shift to be positive or negative are given. It is shown that the thickness and physical parameters of the AMM slab and the incident angle of the light beam strongly affect the properties of the lateral shift. Numerical results validate these conclusions. The lossy effect of the metamaterial on the lateral shift is also investigated.     

Orbital angular momentum density and spiral spectra of Lorentz–Gauss vortex beams passing through a single slit

Based on the Hermite–Gaussian expansion of the Lorentz distribution and the complex Gaussian expansion of the aperture function, an analytical expression of the Lorentz–Gauss vortex beam with one topological charge passing through a single slit is derived. By using the obtained analytical expressions, the properties of the Lorentz–Gauss vortex beam passing through a single slit are numerically demonstrated. According to the intensity distribution or the phase distribution of the Lorentz–Gauss vortex beam, one can judge whether the topological charge is positive or negative. The effects of the topological charge and three beam parameters on the orbital angular momentum density as well as the spiral spectra are systematically investigated respectively. The optimal choice for measuring the topological charge of the diffracted Lorentz–Gauss vortex beam is to make the single slit width wider than the waist of the Gaussian part.     

Tightly Focusing of Circularly Polarized Vortex Beams through a Uniaxial Birefringent Crystal

Under the approximation of small birefringence, the properties of circularly polarized vortex beams tightly focused through a uniaxial birefringent crystal are studied. With the proper combination of the topological charge and the birefringence, the small focus, the small bottle beam and the inverse c-shaped intensity profile can be obtained. The effects of the focal shift and the Strehl ratio on the birefringence are analysed. A relation between angular momentum （included spin and orbital） and topological Pancharatnam charge is also presented.     

Investigation of the limit of lateral beam shifts on a symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide

This paper reports that Goos--H\"anchen (GH) shifts occurring on a symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide are experimentally identified. It was found that there exists a critical thickness of the upper metal layer, h_cr, above which negative shift is observed and, reversely, positive shift occurs. Both positive and negative GH shifts near the critical thickness do not vary dramatically and can achieve a maximum on the submillimeter scale, which is different from simulated results using the stationary-phase method. It also shows that this critical thickness, h_cr, can be obtained at the position for zero reflectivity by setting the intrinsic damping to be the same as the radiative damping. The GH effects observed near the critical thickness are produced by extreme distortion of the reflected beam profiles, which limits the amplitude of the GH shift and, further, the sensitivity of the GH optical sensor based on the symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide.     

Nonlinear Localization due to a Double Negative Defect Layer in a One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Containing Single Negative Material Layers

We investigate the effects of introducing a defect layer negative material layers on the transmission properties in a one-dimensional photonic crystal containing single The width of the defect layer is taken to be the same or smaller than the period of the structure. Different cases of the defect layer being linear or nonlinear and double positive or double negative are discussed. It is found that only a nonlinear double negative layer gives rises to a localized mode within the zero-Φeff gap in this kind of structure. It is also shown that the important characteristics of the nonlinear defect mode such as its frequency, its FWHM and the threshold of the associated bistability can be controlled by changing the widths of the defect layer and the host layers.     

Enhanced high gain harmonic generation scheme with negative dispersion

The enhanced high gain harmonic generation (EHGHG) scheme has been proposed and shown to be able to significantly enhance the performance of HGHG FEL. In this paper we investigate the EHGHG scheme with negative dispersion. The bunching factor at the entrance of the radiator is analyzed, which indicates that the scheme with negative dispersion can further weaken the negative effect of the dispersive strength on the energy spread correction factor. The numerical results from GENESIS (3D-code) are presented, and are in good agreement with our analysis. Then we comparatively study the effects of the initial beam energy spread and the relative phase shift on the radiation power. The results show that the EHGHG scheme with negative dispersion has a larger tolerance on the initial beam energy spread and a nearly equal wide good region of the relative phase shift compared with the case of positive dispersion.     

Opposite Goos-H~inchen Displacements for TE- and TM-Polarized Beams Transmitting through a Slab of Indefinite Metamaterial

The Goos Hanchen displacement of a light beam transmitting through an indefinite metamaterial slab is studied. The results indicate that the displacement would be negative or positive for different parameters, and the necessary conditions for negative or positive displacements are summarized. Due to the special anisotropic properties, the directions of displacements for different polarization beams are opposite by proper design. In addition, the simultaneously enhanced positive and negative displacements will appear at different resonant angles under consideration of the active slab. These phenomena could have convenient applications in optical devices.     

Influence of Partial Coherent Light on the Transmission Spectrum and Goos-Hänchen Shift in Rydberg Atomic Medium

A cold atomic medium(Rydberg medium) with cascade configuration under the blockade mechanism is considered. A partial coherent light(PCL) beam is incident on the medium, which makes an angle θ with z-axis. We study the influence of PCL field on the transmission spectrum and find high transmission of probe field for PCL field.Conversely, it is investigated that the transparency of probe field decrease for coherent light field. The transmission of probe field is also studied via beam width of PCL field and investigated high transmission of probe field for small beam width and vice versa. Interestingly, the Goos-H?nchen shift(GHS) in the transmitted light(TL) is studied for PCL field. Large negative and positive GHS in the TL are investigated for PCL field and small beam width of PCL field.     

Self-deflection of a bright soliton in a separate bright－dark spatial soliton pair based on a higher-order space charge field

The self-deflection of a bright solitary beam can be controlled by a dark solitary beam via a parametric coupling effect between the bright and dark solitary beams in a separate bright－dark spatial soliton pair supported by an unbiased series photorefractive crystal circuit. The spatial shift of the bright solitary beam centre as a function of the input intensity of the dark solitary beam (\hatρ) is investigated by taking into account the higher-order space charge field in the dynamics of the bright solitary beam via both numerical and perturbation methods under steady-state conditions. The deflection amount (Δs_0), defined as the value of the spatial shift at the output surface of the crystal, is a monotonic and nonlinear function of \hatρ. When \hatρ is weak or strong enough, Δs_0 is, in fact, unchanged with \hatρ, whereas Δs_0 increases or decreases monotonically with \hatρ in a middle range of \hatρ. The corresponding variation range (δs) depends strongly on the value of the input intensity of the bright solitary beam (r). There are some peak and valley values in the curve of δs versus r under some conditions. When \hatρ increases, the bright solitary beam can scan toward both the direction same as and opposite to the crystal's c-axis. Whether the direction is the same as or opposite to the c-axis depends on the parameter values and configuration of the crystal circuit, as well as the value of r. Some potential applications are discussed.     

涡旋光束与相位全息光栅不对准时的衍射特性研究

研究了涡旋光束与相位全息光栅不对准时衍射光束的解析特性.利用理论推导的方法得出涡旋光束经相位全息光栅接收后一阶衍射光束的解析表达式.然后通过仿真分析分别得出在发生正常对准、横向偏移、角向倾斜及横向偏移和角向倾斜两者同时出现时衍射光束的质心偏移特性和中心强度变化特性.研究表明: 拉盖尔-高斯光束经相位全息光栅衍射后得到的光场表达式为合流超几何函数形式.光束与相位全息光栅间的不对准会引起衍射光束质心的偏移,而且光束质心的偏移量随入射光束偏移距离和偏离角的增加而增加,与入射光束的偏移方向和方位角无关.角向倾斜时 关键词： 拉盖尔-高斯光束 相位全息光栅 横向偏移 角向倾斜     

用环围功率法研究双曲正弦高斯光束的焦移

 从Collins公式出发研究了无光阑双曲正弦高斯光束的聚焦特性。研究发现聚焦双曲正弦高斯光束的轴上光强为零，因此Li和Wolf二人研究焦移的方法不再适用。使用环围功率法定义束宽和实际焦面，由此可以决定聚焦双曲正弦高斯光束的焦移。数值计算表明，聚焦双曲正弦高斯光束的焦移与偏心参数和菲涅耳数有关，焦移随偏心参数和菲涅耳数的减小而增大。此外，还分析了双曲正弦高斯光束的最佳聚焦问题。     

克尔效应对高斯光束聚焦特性的影响

利用菲涅尔—基尔霍夫衍射积分公式，研究薄片近似情况下的Kerr效应带来的波前畸变对高斯光束聚焦特性的影响.在相位延迟为－2~2 rad的范围内进行的模拟计算表明：正Kerr效应能提高高斯光束的聚焦强度、增大相对焦移量、提高聚焦光束的焦平面桶中功率和降低几何焦平面的峰值光强；而负Kerr效应，则会降低聚焦强度、增大相对焦移量、降低聚焦光束的焦平面桶中功率和几何焦平面的峰值光强.可以通过增大光束菲涅尔数来抑制Kerr效应对聚焦特性的影响.     

球差透镜聚焦部分相干光束获得局域空心光束

基于Collins公式,研究了空间相干度为零阶贝塞耳函数的部分相干光通过球差透镜后在几何焦平面附近的光强分布情况.研究表明,通过改变部分相干光的光谱相干度,球差系数可以得到平顶光束和局域空心光束.球差系数决定了最佳聚焦点的位置.当球差系数为正时,最佳聚焦点随着球差系数的增大向远离透镜的方向运动,甚至超过几何焦点;当球差系数为负时,最佳聚焦点随着球差系数绝对值的增大向靠近透镜方向移动.另外,在正负球差绝对值相等时,光强分布以几何焦点相对称.     

光束偏移对轨道角动量信息传输系统的影响

研究了拉盖尔-高斯光束轨道角动量信息传输系统在未对准时轨道角动量谱的变化.采用数学推导和数值仿真的方法,得到在任意传播距离处,接收系统轴与光轴分别出现横向偏移、角向倾斜,以及两者同时存在时光束的表达式,并分析和比较了几种情况下螺旋谱的变化特征.研究表明,两种偏移量的增加会增加螺旋谱的弥散,而弥散现象与两者偏移方向无关.在传输起点,横向偏移和角向倾斜均会引起螺旋谱的对称弥散.然而,随着传输距离的增加,横向偏移时螺旋谱的弥散程度逐渐减小,而角向倾斜时螺旋谱弥散程度逐渐增加.角向倾斜时螺旋谱始终保持对称分布,而横向偏移引起的弥散螺旋谱呈非对称分布,且经过一定距离后得到稳定的螺旋谱分布.当两者同时存在时,光束螺旋谱的弥散程度随着距离的增加逐渐增加到一个最大值,之后平缓地下降.并进一步得出了横向偏移与角向倾斜对弥散度的影响是不独立的. 关键词： 拉盖尔-高斯光束 螺旋谱 横向偏移 角向倾斜     

光纤光栅称重传感器研究

提出一种基于光纤光栅传感技术的称重系统.用特种粘贴剂将布喇格光纤光栅(FBG)粘贴于悬臂梁的自由端,当悬臂梁自由端受力发生微挠度弯曲时,光纤光栅将沿轴向发生形变,通过监测布喇格光纤光栅传感器反射波长漂移测量悬臂梁的微挠度变化.通过分析悬臂梁结构,建立悬臂梁受力与挠度的数学关系,进而测量出加载在悬臂梁自由端应力的数值.通过对系统结构理论分析和实验验证,该装置称重测量范围达到50千克力,测量灵敏度达到0.05千克力,线性拟合度达到0.9997.     

Negative Goos-Hanchen Effect in Thin-Film Fabry-Perot Filter

We investigate the Goos-Hgnchen effect of a Gaussian light beam reflected by the thin-film Fabry-Perot filter. It is shown that the Goos-Hanchen shift can be either negative or positive, The Gaussian-beam analysis and stationary phase method are introduced to calculate the lateral shift between the incident beam and the reflected beam at different wavelengths and to analyse the Goos-Hgnchen effect in the thin-film Fabry-Perot filter, The effect of the incident beam diameter is also discussed,     

光束控制系统热效应与球差对激光光束质量的影响

采用Strehl比、桶中功率、β参数和束宽描述远场光束质量，研究了光束控制系统热效应和球差对远场激光光束质量的影响.用四维仿真程序作了详细计算，给出了数值计算结果并进行了物理分析.研究表明，传输通道的热效应和正球差会使远场光强分布扩展，可聚焦能力下降，光束质量变差.有意义的是，当激光发射功率达到一定值时，合适选取负球差会在几何焦面得到比无球差时更高的峰值光强和更好的可聚焦能力.但在以前的工作中，由于焦移，类似的结论是在实际焦面上得出的.非线性热晕的存在是其物理原因，对此用数值计算例子作了说明. 关键词： 高功率激光 热效应 光束控制系统 球差