拉伸法测Vicryl缝合线的力学性能

在FD-YC-II型杨氏模量测定仪的基础上,用JCD3型读数显微镜代替JC10型读数显微镜.在室温下利用拉伸法测1-0型Vicryl缝合线加载卸载时的轴向伸长量,得到了Vicryl缝合线的应力-应变曲线、拉伸强度为518.824 MPa、断裂伸长率为14.087%、屈服应力为76.8 MPa、屈服应变为1.57%,杨氏模量为81.505 MPa.最后测定了Vicryl缝合线的应力-应变滞后回线.     

单晶铜在动态加载下空洞增长的分子动力学研究

冲击载荷下延性材料的损伤是材料中微空洞的产生和长大演化的结果.利用分子动力学模拟 方法对延性金属单晶铜中单个空洞在动态加载下的演化发展进行了研究，得到了空洞增长过 程中的应力分布及空洞增长演化随冲击强度变化的规律.模拟结果表明，动态加载下的前期 压缩过程对后期拉伸应力场作用下的空洞增长演化特征有不可忽视的影响，微空洞增长的阈 值则与单晶实验中层裂强度随拉伸应力作用时间减少而增加的趋势相一致. 关键词： 层裂 分子动力学 动态加载 空洞     

带孔洞的金属拉伸的分子动力学

在不同负静压下对中心带有一个球形孔洞的面心立方金属铜进行分子动力学模拟,从晶体的形变,原子分布示意图,径向分布函数等方面进行讨论.发现在弱的负压下,孔洞及材料作弹性变形,超过一定阈值时出现塑性变形,并在局部出现相变.在极强的负压下,材料断裂.随拉伸应力的增加,材料经历弹性均匀拉伸——局部fcc到hcp的相变及缺陷的产生——缺陷积累产生微裂纹或空洞——材料断裂的过程.     

空位结构缺陷对C纳米管弹性性质的影响

用分子动力学方法对不同空位缺陷的扶手椅型与锯齿型单壁C纳米管杨氏弹性模量进行了计算和分析. 结果表明：扶手椅型（5, 5）, （10,10）和锯齿型（9, 0）, （18, 0） 纳米管在无缺陷时其杨氏模量分别为948,901和804,860 GPa. 随管径的增大,扶手椅型和锯齿型单壁C纳米管弹性模量分别减小和增大,表现出完全不同的变化规律. 随着C纳米管中单点空位缺陷的均匀增加,杨氏模量下降,当缺陷比率增加到一定程度时,杨氏模量下降骤然趋缓,形成一下降平台;双空位缺陷对C纳米管杨氏模量的影响与其分布方向有关;随单点空位缺陷间原子数的增加,在轴向上,杨氏模量下降到某一值小幅波动,而在周向上杨氏模量先下降,然后上升到某一稳定值. 随两单点空位缺陷的空间距离进一步增大,杨氏模量又呈微降趋势. 通过分子间σ键与π键特征及缺陷间近程电子云耦合作用规律与空位缺陷内部5-1DB缺陷的形成特点等理论对上述规律进行了分析. 关键词： 空位缺陷 C纳米管 分子动力学 杨氏模量     

Fe-Cr合金辐照空洞微结构演化的相场法模拟

Fe-Cr合金作为包壳材料在高温高辐照强度等极端环境下服役,产生空位和间隙原子等辐照缺陷,辐照缺陷簇聚诱发空洞、位错环等缺陷团簇,引起辐照肿胀、晶格畸变,导致辐照硬化或软化致使材料失效.理解辐照缺陷簇聚和长大过程的组织演化,能更有效调控组织获得稳定服役性能.本文采用相场法研究Fe-Cr合金中空洞的演化,模型考虑了温度效应对点缺陷的影响以及空位和间隙的产生和复合.选择400—800 K温度区间、0—16 dpa辐照剂量范围的Fe-Cr体系为对象,研究在不同服役温度和辐照剂量下的空位扩散、复合和簇聚形成空洞的过程.在400—800 K温度区间,随着温度的升高,Fe-Cr合金空洞团簇形核率呈现出先升高后下降的趋势.考虑空位与间隙的重新组合受温度的影响可以很好地解释空洞率随温度变化时出现先升高后降低的现象.由于温度的变化将影响Fe-Cr合金中原子离位阀能,从而影响产生空位和间隙原子.同一温度下,空洞半径和空洞的体积分数随辐照剂量的增大而增大.辐照剂量的增大,级联碰撞反应加强,空位与间隙原子大量产生,高温下空位迅速的扩散聚集在Fe-Cr合金中将形成更多数量以及更大尺寸的空洞.     

β-SiC单晶块体拉伸变形行为分子动力学研究

用分子动力学方法研究面心立方SiC(β-SiC)、C元素置换掺杂β-SiC单晶块体体系[001]向拉伸变形行为,对体系的拉伸断裂微观机理和5×10⁸/s,1×10⁹/s,1×10¹⁰/s三种应变速率下的力学行为进行分析.发现当拉伸应变量达到某个临界值后,Si-C sp³,C-C sp³键会分别向Si-C sp²和C-C sp²弱键转化.形成一定量sp²键后,β-SiC内部出现孔洞并发生断裂.由于C-C sp³键比Si-C sp³键更易向sp²弱键转化,导致C元素掺杂会降低SiC的强度、弹性模量和拉伸断裂应变.此外还发现此三种应变速率不影响β-SiC的杨氏模量,但影响其拉伸强度.     

无机玻璃动态压缩破坏的离散元模拟

利用离散元软件PFC~(2D)(Particle Flow Code)建立了分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)系统,模拟了无机玻璃圆柱和圆盘试件在冲击压缩下的动态力学行为和失效破坏模式。结果表明:无机玻璃作为典型的脆性材料,其抗压强度具有明显的应变率效应,而杨氏模量则对应变率不敏感;无机玻璃圆柱的破坏过程受纵向压力、端面摩擦力以及横向惯性力的影响,初期微裂纹呈三角状分布,随着纵向应力水平的提高,出现明显的泊松效应,产生横向张应力,致使微裂纹沿纵向扩展,最终试件发生沿轴向的劈裂断裂;摩擦系数和泊松比对试件破坏模式及强度有一定影响。将建立的SHPB数值实验平台用于模拟无机玻璃巴西圆盘试验,揭示了圆盘发生中心开裂的拉伸特征及拉伸强度的应变率相关性。     

生物材料黏弹性教学实验仪的设计

在传统的伸长法测量钢丝杨氏模量实验仪器的基础上,将力传感器的使用与伸长法测量杨氏模量的原理相结合,使用力传感器测量头发等生物材料黏弹性.通过千分尺拉伸头发等生物材料,再利用力传感器测出材料产生的弹力,进而导出应力,得出应力-应变曲线.通过测定其应力松弛曲线的下降程度和加载-卸载曲线中间区域的面积,可以得到生物材料的黏弹性.     

缺陷位置对单层石墨烯拉伸形变的影响

采用AIREBO势函数,对含有多种空位缺陷的单层石墨烯进行分子动力学拉伸模拟,计算不同空位缺陷的位置和排布结构对单层石墨烯应力-应变的影响.结果表明：石墨烯拉伸过程中空位缺陷对其力学性能影响较大.石墨烯内缺陷位置、缺陷排布对拉伸过程中发生的撕裂现象有不同程度的影响.对比分析发现,远离石墨烯边界的空位缺陷对其力学稳定性影响较大.通过控制石墨烯中缺陷的位置,可实现对其力学性能的调控.     

孔洞和空位对单晶铝力学性能影响的分子动力学研究

采用分子动力学方法模拟含孔洞的单晶铝单轴拉伸过程,研究晶向、孔洞体积分数、空位体积分数等对孔洞生长的影响.结果表明：对于不同的晶向,决定孔洞生长变形的微观机制不同.[010]晶向单轴拉伸情况下,形变机制主要是｛111｝面位错引起的堆垛层错;[111]晶向单轴拉伸情况下,形变机制主要是位错的移动、堆积与发射.此外,孔洞及空位的体积分数对[010]、[111]晶向的孔洞生长过程也有着明显的影响.总的来说,随着孔洞或者空位体积分数的增加,材料的杨氏模量变小,屈服强度、屈服应变下降.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.