分子动力学模拟组分对Co_(1415-x)Al_x团簇结构特征的影响

本文采用分子动力学模拟方法结合镶嵌原子势,研究了在200 K时二元(Co Al)1415团簇的结构随Co原子浓度的变化情况.利用径向分布函数、对分析技术和键取向序参数方法研究了微观局部结构情况,研究结果表明:(Co Al)1415团簇的组分对最终冷却结构影响较大,Co原子浓度为100%~70%的团簇表现出不完全的六角密排结构特征;Co原子浓度为50%的团簇具有局部的体心立方体结构特征;Co原子浓度为30%~10%时,表现出部分区域的二十面体和缺陷二十面体结构特征.     

Cu-Co双金属团簇结构演化及其性质的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学结合嵌入原子方法对比研究了Co分布于Cu-Co团簇不同层的结构和性质. 研究表明：Co原子分层掺杂可对团簇的结构转变点和熔点进行诱导控制;分层掺杂的Cu-Co团簇第一相变是一种扩散度较小的由立方八面体转变为二十面体的相变;Co原子易于向低能态团簇的亚表层（111）面偏析, 从而诱导团簇结构紊乱, 造成其熔点差异.     

Cu-Co双金属团簇结构演化及其性质的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学结合嵌入原子方法对比研究了Co分布于Cu-Co团簇不同层的结构和性质.研究表明:Co原子分层掺杂可对团簇的结构转变点和熔点进行诱导控制;分层掺杂的Cu-Co团簇第一相变是一种扩散度较小的由立方八面体转变为二十面体的相变;Co原子易于向低能态团簇的亚表层(111)面偏析,从而诱导团簇结构紊乱,造成其熔点差异.     

基于内核构建的Cu-Au-Pd团簇稳定结构优化

具有特殊催化、磁性和化学活性的三元合金团簇已成为基础科学研究的热点问题.确定其稳定结构是研究团簇性质的重要前提.针对大尺寸Cu-Au-Pd团簇结构优化,提出了内核构建的方法改进了自适应免疫优化算法的效率(称为AIOA-IC算法).采用基于紧束缚势二阶矩近似的多体Gupta势函数来描述三元合金团簇原子间相互作用.为测试算法效率优化了原子数为60的Ag-Pd-Pt团簇稳定结构.结果显示新得到的结构比文献报道的团簇结构势能量值更低,由此可知AIOA-IC算法具有更强的势能面搜索能力.运用该算法研究了38及55原子Cu-Au-Pd团簇的稳定结构.所研究的38原子Cu-Au-Pd团簇包含了五折叠、六折叠和截角八面体结构,并且原子成分比例影响了团簇的结构类型.而55原子Cu-Au-Pd团簇均为完整二十面体结构,序列参数显示Cu,Au和Pd原子分层现象明显.对于147原子Cu_(12)Au_(93)Pd_(42)团簇完整二十面体结构,中心原子为Au,内层和次外层分别被12个Cu原子和42个Pd原子占据,最外层则被92个Au原子占满.通过原子半径及表面能分析了Cu,Pd和Au原子分别倾向于分布在内层、次外层和最外层的规律.     

分子动力学模拟组分对Co1415-xAlx团簇结构特征的影响

本文采用分子动力学模拟方法结合镶嵌原子势,研究了在200 K时二元（CoAl）1415团簇的结构随Co原子浓度的变化情况。利用径向分布函数、对分析技术和键取向序参数方法研究了微观局部结构情况,研究结果表明： （CoAl）1415团簇的组分对最终冷却结构影响较大,Co原子浓度为100%~70%的团簇表现出不完全的六角密排结构特征;Co原子浓度为50%的团簇具有局部的体心立方体结构特征;Co原子浓度为30%~10%时,表现出部分区域的二十面体和缺陷二十面体结构特征。     

自适应免疫优化算法研究大尺寸Cu-Au合金团簇稳定结构

合金团簇所具备的催化和光学等方面特性与团簇的尺寸、元素组成和元素序列密切关联,因而确定其稳定结构是研究纳米团簇合金性质的首要任务.本文利用基于内核构建的自适应免疫优化算法研究了完整元素组成的CunAum(n+m=61及79)二元合金团簇的稳定结构.应用多体Gupta势函数描述Cu-Au团簇原子间的相互作用.研究结果表明:对于CunAum(n+m=61)团簇,除了当n=12-15时为由三个双二十面体面面相连组成的环状结构外,其余均为二十面体结构.原子总数为79的Cu-Au合金团簇包括堆积缺陷的面心立方结构、双面心立方结构、二十面体、十面体和由四个双二十面体面面相连组成的环状结构.且当Au原子比例高和低时其主要构型分别为二十面体和十面体.此外,还分析了Cu-Au合金团簇结构势能量的分布情况及团簇的相对稳定性.原子分布规律显示Cu原子趋于占据内层,而Au原子趋向于分布在外层.     

利用Gupta势结合遗传算法研究ConCu55－n(n=0—55)混合团簇的结构演化及基态能量

采用半经验的Gupta多体势结合遗传算法对Co_nCu_55－n(n=0—55)混合团簇的基态结构和能量进行了研究,发现这些混合团簇的基态结构是在Co₅₅,Cu₅₅单质团簇(Mackay二十面体)的基础之上发生的畸变;从n=0(Cu₅₅)开始,Co原子从中心到表面,从棱到顶点依次、连续替换Cu原子;基态结构与键能较大键的数目及其平均键长有关;Co₁₃Cu₄₂具有最稳定的结构,13个Co原子全部位于团簇内部形成Mackay二十面体对整个团簇的稳定性有显著影响. 关键词： 团簇 结构和能量 Gupta势 遗传算法     

Co-Ag与Co-Au合金团簇核层结构模拟

钴基二元合金团簇具有特殊催化和电磁性能已成为研究的热点.探究Co-Ag与Co-Au团簇稳定结构是研究其性质的重要步骤.运用基于内核构建的自适应免疫优化算法对大尺寸Co_(55)Ag_n、Co_(55)Au_n(n=1-55, 60, 70, 80, 92)团簇结构进行优化.基于紧束缚势二阶矩近似的多体Gupta势函数被用于描述合金团簇原子间相互作用.计算结果显示Co_(55)Ag_n、Co_(55)Au_n(n=1-55, 60)最稳定结构的主要构型为Mackay二十面体.原子分布分析显示Co原子位于内层,而Ag、Au原子均趋于分布在外层,呈现出核层状态.对于大尺寸Co_(55)Ag_n、Co_(55)Au_n(n=80, 92)团簇,Co-Ag团簇采取无定形结构,而Co-Au团簇为规则的二十面体结构.     

金属团簇在单晶表面的稳定性和扩散行为的Monte Carlo研究

采用MonteCarlo方法,研究了正二十面体结构的Cu、Ni、Pd和Pt等金属团簇在Pd(001)表面的稳定性和扩散行为.研究表明,载体对负载型金属团簇的稳定性和扩散性质有明显的影响.由于载体表面和金属团簇的振动偶合,金属团簇结构变化的温度要低于自由团簇的结构转化温度.负载型金属团簇的稳定性不仅取决于团簇内部原子之间的相互作用而且取决于团簇与载体之间的相互作用.对金属团簇扩散的研究表明,金属团簇的扩散常数与单金属原子的扩散常数相差不大,通过比较金属团簇的结构变化温度和扩散常数发现,团簇的稳定性和扩散行为有密切的联系.     

判定金属玻璃微观结构中的二十面体类团簇

基于Voronoi几何分形法, 分析了理想二十面体团簇和ZrCu二元金属玻璃中各种团簇的结构特点, 提出了一种判定金属玻璃原子结构中二十面体类团簇的方法. 并选取三个ZrCu 非晶成分作为研究对象, 基于Voronoi团簇, 利用该方法提取了各种构型团簇, 证实其中四种构型团簇的基本几何结构与理想二十面体相似, 并具有同样近似于理想二十面体的高致密度、高规则度和高五次对称性, 因此可称之为二十面体类团簇. 此类二十面体类团簇可作为金属玻璃的主要结构单元, 普遍存在于非晶结构中; 二十面体类团簇及其连接能包含几乎所有的原子, 从而形成非晶结构. 研究结果提供了一种新的团簇判定方法, 有助于从微观结构层面分析合金中的非晶形成机理.     

Melting Behaviour of Core-Shell Structured Ag-Rh Bimetallic Clusters

The melting behaviour of four typical core-shell structured 309-atom Ag-Rh bimetallic clusters, with decahedral and icosahedral geometric configurations, is investigated by using molecular dynamics simulation, based on the Sutton-Chen potential. The initial atomic configurations are obtained from semi-grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that the melting point temperature Tm increases with the mole fraction of Rh in the bimetallic clusters, and Tm of Ag-Rh icosahedral clusters is higher than those of Ag-Rh decahedral clusters with the same Rh mole fraction. It is also found that the Ag atoms lie on the surface of Ag-Rh bimetallic clusters even after melting.     

铝团簇Al13的结构、电子性质和氧原子吸附的第一原理计算

利用密度泛函理论对Al13团簇的几种典型异构体进行了计算.对几种不同对称性(Ih,D5h,D3h,Oh)的中性和带电团簇Al13、Al13-、Al13 进行了结构优化和总能计算,得到了各种带电状态下的最低能量结构,并计算了Al13团簇的电离势、电子亲和能和结合能.理论结果与实验值比较,比以前的理论计算符合的更好.从中性和负电状态下的正二十面体的最低能量结构出发,研究了氧原子在Al13和Al13-上的吸附行为,并与单个氧原子在铝fcc表面的吸附行为做了比较.计算发现,高稳定性的幻数团簇如Al13-,较中性团簇和铝表面,更不易于氧化.     

Atomic structure of icosahedral B4C boron carbide from a first principles analysis of NMR spectra

Density functional theory is demonstrated to reproduce the 13C and 11B NMR chemical shifts of icosahedral boron carbides with sufficient accuracy to extract previously unresolved structural information from experimental NMR spectra. B4C can be viewed as an arrangement of 3-atom linear chains and 12-atom icosahedra. According to our results, all the chains have a CBC structure. Most of the icosahedra have a B11C structure with the C atom placed in a polar site, and a few percent have a B (12) structure or a B10C2 structure with the two C atoms placed in two antipodal polar sites.     

Ag-Cu双金属团簇中Ag原子偏析行为的 分子动力学研究

采用了恒温分子动力学方法系统模拟研究了不同尺寸不同组分的Ag-Cu双金属团簇的退火过程。分析低温退火结构可得团簇中Ag原子的偏析行为：在Ag原子所占比率较少时,Ag原子全部占据在团簇表面;随着Ag原子数的增多,直到Ag和Cu的比率接近时,绝大多数Ag原子仍占据在团簇表面;这与实验观测Ag-Cu混合团簇中Ag原子的偏析行为完全一致。通过细致研究Ag-Cu双金属团簇中Ag原子的偏析行为与团簇尺寸、组分和温度的关系发现：当Ag原子所占比重明显少于Cu原子时,在各不同尺寸下,Ag原子偏析温度点均高于熔点,即在熔点以上一定温度范围内仍会出现Ag原子的偏析现象;当Ag原子所占比重明显多于Cu原子时,在各不同尺寸下,体系偏析温度点均低于团簇熔点;对于较大尺寸团簇,在Ag原子所占比重接近于Cu原子时,体系偏析温度点与团簇熔点相同。     

Ternary alloying effect on the melting of metal clusters

Canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulations are applied to investigate the melting of the icosahedral 55-atom Ag-Cu-Au clusters. The clusters are modeled by the second-moment approximation of the tight-binding (TB-SMA) many-body potentials. Results show that the introduction of the only Cu atom of the third alloying metal in the bimetallic Ag₄₃Au₁₂ cluster, forming the Ag₄₂Cu₁Au₁₂ cluster, can greatly increase the melting point of the cluster by about 100 K. It is also found that the substitution of the only Cu atom of the third alloying metal in the Ag₁Au₅₄ clusters, forming the Ag₁Cu₁Au₅₃ cluster, can result in an increase of 40 K in the melting point. It can be concluded that the melting points of the bimetallic clusters can be tuned by the third metal impurities doping. In addition, the surface segregation of Ag atoms in the Ag-Cu-Au trimetallic clusters occurs even after melting.     

Geometric magic numbers of sodium clusters: Interpretation of the melting behaviour

Putative global minima of sodium clusters with up to 380 atoms have been located for two model interatomic potentials in order to identify the structures responsible for the size-dependence of the thermodynamic properties in experiments. Structures based upon the Mackay icosahedra predominate for both potentials, and the magic numbers for the Murrell-Mottram model show excellent agreement with the sizes at which maxima in the latent heat and entropy change at melting have been found in experiment. In particular, the magic numbers at sizes intermediate between the complete Mackay icosahedra are due to unusual twisted icosahedral structures.     

The structure of 55-atom Cu–Au bimetallic clusters: Monte Carlo study

We have investigated segregation phenomena in Cu–Au bimetallic clusters with decahedral structures at 100 K and 300 K, based on the second-moment approximation of the tight-binding (TB-SMA) potentials by using Monte Carlo method. The simulation results indicate that there are three regions (split, three-shell onion-like and core-shell region) at 100 K and two regions (split and core-shell) at 300 K with the structure of decahedral clusters, as the chemical potential difference Δμ changes. It is found that the structure of decahedral clusters undergoes a division into smaller clusters in the split region. In the core-shell structure, Au atoms are enriched in surface and Cu atoms occupy the core of the clusters because of the different surface energy of Cu and Au. The Au atoms are enriched in the surface shell, and the Cu atoms are in the middle shell, while a single Au atom is located in the center to form the three-shell onion-like structure. The structure and binding energy of smaller clusters after splitting are also discussed. The Au atoms generally lie on the surface of the smaller clusters after splitting.     

纳米铜团簇凝结规律的分子动力学研究

采用分子动力学方法对包含147，309和561个原子数的液态纳米铜团簇凝结过程进行模拟研 究，结果表明降温速率及团簇原子数对凝结得到常温下的固态团簇结构有重要影响：在模拟 时间内，降温速度越慢，团簇原子数越少，凝结得到铜团簇越倾向生成二十面体结构，反之 则倾向生成面心立方结构.同时探讨了该现象的物理机理. 关键词： 铜团簇 凝结 结构 分子动力学     

Growth and characterization of Au,Ni and Au–Ni nanoclusters on 6H-SiC(0001) carbon nanomesh

The nucleation and thermal stability of Au, Ni, and Au–Ni nanoclusters on 6H-SiC(0001) carbon nanomesh as well as the interaction between Au–Ni bimetallic clusters and reactive gases have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Both Au and Ni atoms grow as three-dimensional (3D) clusters. Annealing the Au/carbon nanomesh surface up to 1150 °C leads to complete desorption of the Au clusters, while interfacial reaction occurs between Ni clusters and the substrate surface when the Ni clusters are subjected to the same annealing process. The nucleation of Au–Ni clusters depends critically on the deposition sequence. Au atoms preferentially nucleate on the existing Ni clusters, leading to the formation of bimetallic clusters with Au enriched on the surface. If the deposition sequence is reversed, a part of Ni atoms nucleate between the Au clusters. The thermal stability of the Au–Ni clusters resembles that of the Ni/carbon nanomesh surface, irrespective of the deposition sequence. XPS characterization reveals that Ni atoms in Au–Ni bimetallic clusters are oxidized upon exposure to 5.0 × 10^? 7 mbar O₂ for 5 min at room temperature while negligible structure change can be detected when the bimetallic clusters are exposed to CO gas under the similar conditions.