保偏光纤光栅温度传感性能的实验研究

在经过氢敏化处理的保偏光纤上制作了中心波长在1300 nm窗口的光纤布拉格光栅，并对这种保偏光纤布拉格光栅的温度传感特性进行了实验研究与理论分析。结果表明这种光栅可以用作温度传感器，对温度进行测量。和普通的标准单模光纤布拉格光栅一样，它对温度的响应具有很好的线性关系。本实验结果还可以作为对保偏光纤光栅传感特性进一步深入研究的参考。     

光纤布拉格光栅与空芯光纤多模干涉混合型温度应变双参量传感器

针对光纤应变传感器由于温度敏感而引入的测量问题,提出了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅和空芯光纤多模干涉效应的混合型温度-应变双参量传感器。该传感器由两根单模光纤与一段内径小于单模光纤纤芯直径的空芯光纤熔接制成,其中一根单模光纤的光纤端面附近预刻一组光纤布拉格光栅。空芯光纤长度为厘米量级,光波以多模形式在空芯光纤侧壁中传播。结合光纤布拉格光栅和空芯光纤多模干涉效应对温度和应变的不同响应灵敏度,通过求解双参数耦合矩阵同时获取温度和应变两个参量,并有效解决了单个传感器在温度或应变测量时的温度-应变交叉敏感性问题。采用中心波长为1 550.172 nm的光纤布拉格光栅与一段长为2.5 cm、内径为5μm的空芯光纤制备了相应的传感器,并进行了温度和应变测试。结果表明,光纤布拉格光栅和空芯光纤的温度灵敏度分别达到10.530 6 pm/℃和1.802 1 pm/℃,应变灵敏度分别达到0.720 7 pm/με和1.243 2 pm/με。     

同时测量温度和曲率的光纤传感器

提出了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅和马赫-曾德干涉仪相结合的同时测量曲率和温度的光纤传感器.该光纤传感器在马赫-曾德干涉仪中熔接一段布拉格光纤光栅,其中马赫-曾德干涉仪由两个花生形结构单模光纤熔接而成.实验结果表明,马赫-曾德干涉仪的透射谱中干涉峰和光纤布拉格光栅透射谱中谐振峰对曲率和温度有不同的响应灵敏度,因此可以利用矩阵实现对曲率和温度的同时测量.实验中测得马赫-曾德干涉仪曲率灵敏度为-27.58nm/m-1,光纤布拉格光栅在一定的测量范围内对曲率的变化不敏感,马赫-曾德干涉仪和光纤布拉格光栅的温度灵敏度分别为0.038 69nm/℃和0.012 17nm/℃.该系统采用全光纤结构,光纤布拉格光栅嵌入到马赫-曾德干涉仪中,因而结构紧凑和简单,且易于实现.     

可分离温度影响的FBG应变测量方法

光纤布拉格光栅在通信和传感领域具有广泛的应用。利用光纤布拉格光栅中心波长的偏移，可以测量温度和应变等多种物理量，但必须解决光栅对温度和应变的交叉敏感问题。该文简要分析了光纤光栅作为传感器的基本原理及其优点，设计了利用参考光栅法分离温度影响以及利用掺铒光纤的自发发射放大特性分离温度影响的2种应变测量方法。最后，介绍了一种利用倾斜光纤光栅的主模和边模对布拉格光栅中心波长的偏移进行解调的方法，该方法成功地分离了温度对应变测量的影响。     

基于光纤布拉格光栅传感器的光纤光栅智能夹层试验研究

传感元件与复合材料的一体化是智能结构研究的最终目标之一。设计一种具有自诊断功能的标准化、模块化光纤智能夹层系统，正是实现这种一体化最有潜力的技术途径。采用聚酰亚胺薄膜制作了基于光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感器的光纤光栅智能夹层，对智能夹层中光纤布拉格光栅传感器的应变、温度特性进行了标定试验，并建立了基于光纤布拉格光栅传感器光纤光栅智能夹层的应变、温度测量模型。试验表明，智能夹层内布拉格光栅波长偏移与应变、温度之间具有良好的线性关系。不过在温度测量时，必须考虑被埋人结构的热膨胀效应。利用光纤光栅智能夹层内光纤布拉格光栅传感器网络和先进信息处理技术，可以建立结构损伤主动、在线和实时监测系统。     

光纤布拉格光栅在冰声学性能测量中的应用

以光纤布拉格光栅检测动态应变为基础,分析了匹配型光纤布拉格光栅波长移动解调方案的基本原理。利用匹配光栅法检测的高灵敏性及光纤光栅传感器本身的优点,将其与超声波检测相结合,创新性地用于研究超声波在冰样中的传播速度随温度的变化关系,通过光纤布拉格光栅检测冰样中纵波、横波传播速度与温度的关系,利用Matlab对数据进行拟合及计算,得到了冰样的声学参数随温度变化的规律:温度越低,超声波在冰样中的传播速度越高。并将所测数据与超声波系统所测数据进行对比,结果表明,光纤布拉格光栅所测数据正确可靠,证明了光纤布拉格光栅可用于检测冰的声学性能。     

一种新型FBG热式液体流量传感器

光纤布拉格光栅热式流量传感器目前只适用于气体流量,为扩大其应用领域,设计了一种可用于液体流量测量的新型光纤布拉格光栅热式流量传感器。该光纤布拉格光栅热式流量传感器使用陶瓷加热片以恒定功率提供热量,不同流量的液体经过传感器时带走的热量不同,通过检测光纤布拉格光栅中心波长的变化就可以测得传感器的温度变化,进而推导出液体流量大小。通过温度传感测试实验和流量传感测试实验,验证了所设计的传感器可用于液体流量测量。实验结果表明,该传感器的流量测量范围为40.575~550.664 L/h。     

改进型光纤布拉格光栅温度检测系统研究

传统的光纤布拉格光栅温度检测系统适用于大范围、多点位的实时温度检测领域,但其温度响应稳定性差,布拉格光栅中心波长偏移量随温度变化量的线性度差。为提高系统温度检测稳定性及其检测精度,设计了一种改进型光纤布拉格光栅温度检测系统。该系统采用双光纤并行采集同点位温度并进行差分处理的方法,实现对测温过程中随机误差的实时有效消除,进而达到提高测温稳定性及检测精度的目的。计算推导了该模式下光纤布拉格光栅中心波长偏移量关于温度变化量的函数关系,给出了新式光纤光栅探头的结构。实验将改进型光纤布拉格光栅温度检测系统与传统系统进行对比,结果显示,改进型系统的温度测量精度可达0.5℃,相比传统系统得到了提升,同时,其测温误差也明显优于传统系统,说明采用该设计可以提高系统测温的稳定性。     

阵列波导光栅解调的准分布式光纤光栅传感器

从理论上和实验上研究了一种操作简单、响应速度快,价格低廉和高分辨率的基于阵列波导光栅(AWG)的准分布式光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器.该传感系统采用了阵列波导光栅双通道强度解调技术对光纤光栅的布拉格波长和温度进行精确的解调.实验结果表明,该系统对宽带宽光纤光栅的布拉格波长和温度解调均具有高线性度,考虑系统稳定性及光纤布拉格光栅之间的串扰影响,波长测量精度仍可达2 pm,温度测量精度优于0.2℃.     

一种监测钢筋腐蚀的光纤光栅传感器的研究

钢筋腐蚀是导致钢筋混凝土结构耐久性劣化的最重要因素之一。钢筋腐蚀将导致钢筋体积大大增加,混凝土保护层开裂、剥落,结构承载力下降,甚至倒塌。基于光纤布拉格光栅应变传感器的原理,根据钢筋腐蚀体积膨胀,提出了一种新的钢筋腐蚀光纤光栅传感器及温度补偿方法。传感器构造是在两根紧靠的钢筋中心附近粘贴光纤光栅,由于钢筋腐蚀体积膨胀,钢筋直径增加将转变成布拉格光纤光栅的应变,从而实现对钢筋腐蚀程度及速率的监测。传感器的监测原理是设置一个钢筋腐蚀光纤光栅传感器来监测由于钢筋腐蚀和温度变化引起的光栅应变,同时单独设置一个不锈钢光纤光栅传感器来测量温度引起的光栅应变。这两个光纤光栅传感器的应变监测,可分离出钢筋由于腐蚀所引起的体积变化。在混凝土结构中埋入封装的传感器,通过监测光纤光栅波长的漂移可以直接测量钢筋腐蚀程度,而且不受腐蚀因素的影响,可用于混凝土结构中钢筋腐蚀的早期监测。最后通过实验标定了钢筋腐蚀率与光栅波长位移的关系。     

Active temperature compensation design of sensor with fiber gratings

A technique for compensation of temperature effects in fiber grating sensors is reported. For strain sensors and other sensors related to strain such as electromagnetic sensors, a novel structure is designed, which uses two fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as strain differential sensor and has temperature effects cancelled. Using this technique, the stress sensitivity has been amplified and gets up to 0.226 nm/N, the total variation in wavelength difference within the range of 3-45 ℃ is 0.03 nm, 1/14 of the uncompensated FBG.The structure can be used in the temperature-insensitive static strain measurement and minor-vibration measurement.     

Interrogation of fiber-Bragg-grating temperature and strain sensors with a temperature-stabilized VCSEL

The interrogation of fiber-Bragg-grating (FBG) sensors using a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is discussed. A long-wavelength (1.54 μm) VCSEL was used as a wavelength-tunable source by variation in the current. Temperature stabilization was performed with a thermoelectric device. Characteristics of temperature and strain sensing were investigated. FBGs with different reflectivities were compared. For temperature sensing, the root-mean-square error in the measurement was reduced to 1/3 that without temperature stabilization. The dependence of the measurement error on the reflectivities of the FBGs was investigated. The measurement error was larger for FBGs with lower reflectivities in both temperature and strain sensing. Improvement on the sensing with low-reflectivity FBGs is discussed.     

光纤Bragg光栅应变、温度交叉敏感问题的研究

解决应变和温度的交叉敏感，实现应变和温度同时测量一直是光纤光栅传感器研究的关键问题。从应变和温度交叉敏感的物理机制出发，较为全面地介绍了几种主要解决方案：双波长矩阵法、2个包层直径不同的FBG法、啁啾光栅法等。并且基于双波长矩阵法，提出了一种基于管式弹性应变敏感元件的光纤光栅传感器结构，很好地实现了温度150℃，压力20MPa的同时区分测量，其温度灵敏度为0.02nm/℃。解决了温度和应变同时区分测量这一技术难题。     

Simple sensing head geometry using fibre Bragg gratings for strain-temperature discrimination

In this work, a simple sensing head geometry using fibre Bragg gratings for strain and temperature discrimination is presented. The sensing head geometry consists in one fibre with two FBGs bonded with a dummy optical fibre. Due to this new configuration, different strain sensitivities of the two FBGs are obtained (≈65% difference), while temperature sensitivities remain the same. This difference in strain sensitivities is substantially larger than in all previously reported dual grating sensors. The obtained experimental errors were ±13.48 με and ±2.44 °C, respectively. It is also demonstrated that this new configuration can be used as a temperature-independent strain sensor.     

弯曲光纤布拉格光栅靶式流量传感器的研究

设计了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的弯曲靶式流量传感器，采用COMSOL软件仿真了弯曲靶臂受力时的应变分布规律，并将两支FBGs分别粘贴于靶臂的外侧和内侧进行应力测试，仿真与实验结果表明在外力作用下靶臂外侧和内侧分别产生拉应变和压应变，FBGs反射中心波长产生红移和蓝移。同时，测试了该结构的温度特性，在20 ℃~40 ℃两支FBGs反射中心波长均与温度呈线性关系，从而可消除温度对测量结果的影响。随后搭建了弯曲靶式FBG流量传感器测量装置，在0~800 L/H范围内的测量结果表明，两支FBGs反射中心波长与水流量呈较好的线性关系，其流量灵敏度为48 L/H。     

Differential reflectometry of FBG sensors in the wide spectral range

The paper presents a reflectometric technique for interrogation of multiple fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors based on conventional optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR). The method proposed rests on the differential measurement of FBGs’ response to a short probing laser pulse. Implementation of differential measurement principle using several reference FBGs allowed us to eliminate the susceptibility of the system to intensity fluctuations as well as to increase the measurement range as compared to the previous developments. The experimental threshold sensitivity amounted to ∼50 microstrain with the measurement range being defined by the number of reference FBGs and limited only by optical fiber tensile strength. Due to its simplicity, efficiency and usage of conventional OTDR equipment the proposed FBG interrogation technique can find a wide range of applications dealing with strain and temperature measurements.     

Experimental investigation of pre-irradiation effect on radiation sensitivity of temperature sensing fiber Bragg gratings

The effect of pre-irradiation on radiation sensitivity of fiber Bragg gratings(FBGs) is verified experimentally.FBGs are fabricated in photosensitive optical fibers and single mode fibers with Ge-concentration in a range from 3 mol% to 23.37 mol% in the core.In experiments,the FBGs are subjected to twice γ-radiation exposures to a Co60 source at a dose-rate of 0.1 Gy/s up to a total dose of 50 kGy.Pre-irradiation treatment can reduce the temperature sensitivity variation of FBGs by 18.12%-35.91%,as well as Bragg wavelength shift(BWS) by 8%-27.08 %.Our research demonstrates that pre-irradiation treatment is a feasible method to improve the radiation tolerance of FBGs.     

Quasi-distributed temperature sensor combining Fibre Bragg Gratings and temporal reflectometry technique interrogation

Quasi-distributed sensors based on Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBG) usually deal with the concatenation of FBGs of different Bragg wavelengths analyzed through wavelength-sensitive devices. In these sensors, a given wavelengths range is dedicated to one particular FBG. The number of sensing points is directly limited by the source and detector spectral ranges, and by the wavelength spacing between two gratings. This spacing is linked to the maximum possible excursion of the physical parameter to be measured-before superimposition of the reflection spectra of the FBGs.In this paper, an original interrogating device is presented, that allows a very large number of concatenated gratings to be addressed. In this scheme, identical FBGs (same Bragg wavelength and same low reflectivity) are interrogated by the Optical Time Domain Reflectometry technique, for which a commercial device has been extended to a wavelength-tunable system, within an automated experimental set-up. Detection and localization of an important amount of sensing points along a unique optical fibre is demonstrated. Repeatability measurements did exhibit the very good accuracy of the presented sensor.     

Spectrum-profile-identification-based wavelength division multiplexing method for a fiber Bragg grating sensor

A new wavelength division multiplexing method for fiber Bragg grating(FBG) sensors based on spectrum profile identification is proposed. In this method, FBGs and tilted FBG(TFBG) sensors are cascaded in a single fiber in one sensing channel. The different spectrum profiles enable the cross-correlation method to demodulate the wavelength. Therefore, the different types of sensors can occupy the same central wavelength band. Using this method, the multiplexing capacity is optimized. Experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of this method and it is useful for applications where large numbers of FBGs are needed.