Soft decision decoding of the orthogonal complex MIMO codes for three and four transmit antennas

Orthogonality is a much desired property for MIMO coding. It enables symbol-wise decoding, where the errors in other symbol estimates do not affect the result, thus providing an optimality that is worth pursuing. It also paves the way for low complexity soft decision decoding, which for orthogonal complex MIMO codes is known for two transmit (Tx) antennas, i.e. for the Alamouti code. We propose novel soft decision decoders for the orthogonal complex MIMO codes on three and four Tx antennas and extend the old result of maximal ratio combining (MRC) to cover all orthogonal codes up to four Tx antennas.As a rule, a sophisticated transmission scheme encompasses forward error correction (FEC) coding, and its performance is measured at the FEC decoder instead of at the MIMO decoder. We introduce the receiver structure that delivers the MIMO decoder’s soft decisions to the demodulator, which in turn cranks out the logarithm of likelihood ratio (LLR) of each bit and delivers them to the FEC decoder. This significantly improves the receiver, where a maximum likelihood (ML) MIMO decoder makes hard decisions at a too early stage. Further, the additional gain is achieved with stunningly low complexity.     

Quantum filtering for multiple input multiple output systems driven by arbitrary zero-mean jointly Gaussian input fields

In this paper, we treat the quantum filtering problem for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) Markovian open quantum systems coupled to multiple boson fields in an arbitrary zero-mean jointly Gaussian state, using the reference probability approach formulated by Bouten and van Handel as a quantum version of a well-known method of the same name from classical nonlinear filtering theory, and exploiting the generalized Araki-Woods representation of Gough. This includes Gaussian field states such as vacuum, squeezed vacuum, thermal, and squeezed thermal states as special cases. The contribution is a derivation of the general quantum filtering equation (or stochastic master equation as they are known in the quantum optics community) in the full MIMO setup for any zero-mean jointly Gaussian input field states, up to some mild rank assumptions on certain matrices relating to the measurement vector.     

耦合空间的声学研究进展

近年来由于混响室在演艺厅堂工程上的应用,唤发了对耦合空间声场研究的广泛兴趣。本文简短地回顾了马大猷先生对室内声学简正模态理论的贡献,对近代特别是最近15年来室内声学研究在耦合空间方面的发展,做了综述性讨论,包括简正模态分析和模态分解法、统计声学方法、几何声学方法、扩散方程、以及高分辨率实验技术和贝叶斯概率分析在耦合空间研究的应用。值马大猷先生诞辰一百周年之际,以此文缅怀德高望重的声学前辈。      

量子点腔非谐振耦合系统纯退相干的特性及应用

采用非相干泵浦、受激辐射和纯退相干的量子主方程研究了量子点腔耦合系统,得出腔与量子点发射光谱解析解.理论分析显示,在非谐振耦合系统中纯退相干能使腔发射谱产生明显的移位效应,从而可以解释“非谐振耦合腔有效发射”效应.为了进一步研究纯退相干在量子点腔耦合系统上的应用,引入了系统有效耦合率和单光子源效率,并通过比较有效耦合率与腔耗散定义出好腔与坏腔机制.选取两组依据实验数据作为参量,在共振与失谐时研究了纯退相干对系统有效耦合率和单光子源效率的影响.结果表明:纯退相干可提高失谐系统有效耦合率与单光子源效率,从而可能使坏腔转变为好腔|两组参量中有较大耦合效率一组在一定范围内满足好腔机制,其单光子源效率明显优于另一组.在非谐振耦合系统比较了好腔机制与坏腔机制的激光,好腔机制是实现单量子点激光的必要条件|由于非谐振耦合系统Fano因子无最大值出现,从而该系统可能无激光阈值.     

多极化MIMO信道特性与天线设计*

多极化MIMO技术在高频谱效率和紧凑型MIMO通信系统中具有较大的应用潜力,其信道特性与天线辐射特性和环境散射特性以及它们之间的相互作用密切相关,目前紧凑型、低耦合的多极化MIMO天线设计仍存在很大挑战。本文简要介绍和总结了多极化MIMO信道建模理论、多极化天线实现方式和信道特性测量实验等,并指出存在的一些问题和未来的研究方向。     

基于空间光调制器的MIMO大气传输特性研究

大气湍流对无线光通信系统的影响不可忽视,为了更准确地反映实验室模拟多输入、多输出(MIMO)大气湍流信道的实际特征,提出了一种利用相位屏来模拟MIMO大气湍流信道的方法,并针对基于液晶空间光调制器（LC-SLM）的液晶调制法展开研究,通过实验验证该方法的可行性。实验结果表明:通过相位屏模拟MIMO大气湍流信道的激光光斑发生不同程度的畸变,湍流环境下两路激光发射系统比单路发射激光系统功率稳定性好,在前向纠错误差极限（3.8×10?3）下,单个发射单个接收系统的链路代价为10.5 dB,2个发射2个接收的MIMO系统的链路代价为9.3 dB。该项研究对于实验室模拟MIMO大气湍流信道实验方法提供一种新思路。     

Modulational instability criteria for two-component Bose–Einstein condensates

The stability of colliding Bose-Einstein condensates is investigated. A set of coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations is thus considered, and analyzed via a perturbative approach. No assumption is made on the signs (or magnitudes) of the relevant parameters like the scattering lengths and the coupling coefficients. The formalism is therefore valid for asymmetric as well as symmetric coupled condensate wave states. A new set of explicit criteria is derived and analyzed. An extended instability region, in addition to an enhanced instability growth rate, is predicted for unstable two component bosons, as compared to the individual (uncoupled) state.     

单基地多输入多输出声呐的方位分辨力

为了研究波形分集和发射子阵对多输入多输出(multiple-input multiple-output:MIMO)声呐方位分辨力的影响,建立了同时适用于MIMO声呐和传统有源声呐的远场和近场波束图推导模型,证明了这两种声呐具有相同的方位分辨力。首先,将MIMO声呐发射阵划分为子阵无重合与子阵有重合两种情况,并对传统有源声呐的发射阵也进行相同的划分。据此,推导出两者的远场和近场阵列流型向量均可表示为发射与接收阵列流型向量的直积。接着,利用阵列流型向量的一致性证明了波束图(远场和近场)的一致性。进一步地,证明了发射子阵有重合的情况等效于对发射阵列进行幅度加权(发射阵列中间部分的阵元权值大于两端部分的阵元权值),其可获得更低的波束图旁瓣级但不能提高方位分辨力。理论分析与仿真结果表明:MIMO声呐的有效孔径等于发射与接收联合孔径,其方位分辨力由发射与接收阵列结构所决定,波形分集和发射子阵并未带来更高的方位分辨力。      

Spectroscopy of laser-produced plasmas: Setting up of high-performance laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system

It is a well-known fact that laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has emerged as one of the best analytical techniques for multi-elemental compositional analysis of samples. We report assembling and optimization of LIBS set up using high resolution and broad-range echelle spectrograph coupled to an intensified charge coupled device (ICCD) to detect and quantify trace elements in environmental and clinical samples. Effects of variations of experimental parameters on spectroscopy signals of copper and brass are reported. Preliminary results of some plasma diagnostic calculations using recorded time-resolved optical emission signals are also reported for brass samples.     

Optimization of concentric array resonators for wide band noise reduction

In air duct noise control, Helmholtz resonators (HR) are considered as narrow band attenuators. For some applications they can be combined in line to form a wide band silencer. This study investigates the role of distance between HR side branch openings on the whole array attenuation. In the case of two resonators with same performance, the optimal distance can be calculated and corresponds to the quarter wave of HR mean frequency. On three or more HR arrays, relationships between resonators parameters and optimal lengths are much more complex. Tuning of such a device requires taking many geometrically coupled parameters into account; hence, design has to be automated. To operate this process, a 2D FEM COMSOL model has been coupled to a global MATLAB optimization solver. Among different types of constructions, arrays made of concentric resonators with transversal openings offers the most efficient and flexible design to optimize distance between openings. This methodology was applied to an existing turbo compressor silencer. Modifying openings and chambers arrangement, using the proposed approach increased the attenuation band by 10%. Another application concerning an air box for a two stroke engine was also investigated. This resulted in a 16L two chambers concept, being replaced by a more compact and more efficient, 8.3L wide band silencer, made of 8 resonators. With this approach it therefore becomes possible to handle available space and required noise attenuation on a required frequency band, all in one process.     

A reproducible test to characterise the triboelectric charging of powders during their pneumatic transport

Although several investigations had been carried out to explore the triboelectrification of powders, only few data are available on the experimental procedures and set-ups required to obtain reliable data. The present study deals with the development of a pneumatic test to characterise the tribocharging of fine powders. An experimental device was set up allowing on-line monitoring of the charge of both particles and transport pipes. Experiments were carried out using two types of powder (fine sugar and PVC) coupled with two types of pipe materials (Teflon and nylon). Results showed the extreme importance of the control of the relative humidity, the initial charge of particles and the charge dissipation of the walls to obtain pertinent data. Furthermore, the results showed that solids loadings higher than 1 (kg of solids/kg of air) are not proper to achieve reliable measurements. However, at very dilute solids loading (～0.001) the time evolutions of the electrostatic charge and the mass of the powder follow similar trends so that the tribocharging becomes independent of the solids mass flowrate. This allows accurate assessment of the tribocharging of cohesive powders for which a regular flow cannot be guaranteed.     

Reduced-complexity cluster modeling for time-variant wideband MIMO channels

This paper presents a reduced-complexity cluster modeling method for channel models that are based on the 3GPP and similar channel models to simulate the time variation of spatially correlated wideband MIMO channels. The main novelty is that, when modeling the time-variant wideband MIMO channels, instead of tracking the changes in the angles of arrival (AoAs) of all the multi-path components (MPCs) defined, we only track the change in the centre AoA for each of the clusters. Hence for moderate angle spreads (ASs) of clusters and a constant uniform distribution of the offsets of the MPCs within each cluster, tracking the time-variant centre AoAs of the clusters allows us to develop a computationally efficient approximation method to calculate the instantaneous channel matrix and spatial correlation matrix for time-variant wideband MIMO channels. The development of this approximation method includes two stages: firstly, we evaluate the approximation method for simulating wideband MIMO channels with time-invariant AoAs in terms of the centre angles and scatterer distributions of clusters; secondly, on the basis of the validation at stage one, we develop the approximation method for the wideband MIMO channels with time-variant AoAs, and evaluate this approximation method by the extended correlation matrix distance (CMD) metric. We use the extended CMD metric to compare the CMDs predicted by the approximate and exact calculation under different time-variant scenarios. The simulation results show that the approximation method works well when the velocity of the movement is up to 50 m/s and provided the ASs of the clusters are within 10^∘.     

Implementation of a combined SAXS/WAXS/QEXAFS set‐up for time‐resolved in situ experiments

It has previously been shown that there are many benefits to be obtained in combining several techniques in one in situ set‐up to study chemical processes in action. Many of these combined set‐ups make use of two techniques, but in some cases it is possible and useful to combine even more. A set‐up has recently been developed that combines three X‐ray‐based techniques, small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) and quick‐scanning EXAFS (QEXAFS), for the study of dynamical chemical processes. The set‐up is able to probe the same part of the sample during the synthesis process and is thus able to follow changes at the nanometre to micrometre scale during, for example, materials self‐assembly, with a time resolution of the order of a few minutes. The practicality of this kind of experiment has been illustrated by studying zeotype crystallization processes and revealed important new insights into the interplay of the various stages of ZnAPO‐34 formation. The flexibility of this set‐up for studying other processes and for incorporating other additional non‐X‐ray‐based experimental techniques has also been explored and demonstrated for studying the stability/activity of iron molybdate catalysts for the anaerobic decomposition of methanol.     

Angular distribution of cosmic muons using INO–ICAL prototype detector at TIFR

The India-based Neutrino Observatory Collaboration is planning to set up a magnetized 50 kt iron calorimeter (ICAL) with resistive plate chambers (RPC) as active detectors to study neutrino oscillations and precisely measure its parameters.?A prototype detector stack is set up at TIFR (18°54??N, 72°48??E) to track cosmic ray muons.?Using the muon data, angular distribution of cosmic ray muons at the sea level is studied here.     

Travelling Modes in Wave-Heated Plasma Sources

This paper describes a theoretical and experimental study of surface- and helicon-wave-heated plasma sources in which standing waves are set up in the cavity between the closed end plate to a plasma vessel and a wave launcher while travelling waves propagate from the opposite side of the launcher into a region which is long compared with the attenuation distance of the waves. We model the situation as a lossy transmission line of finite length coupled at the launcher to a lossy transmission line of infinite extent. RF power applied to the launcher divides in the ratio of the input impedances of the two transmission lines. For a conducting end plate, the power delivered to the travelling waves is a maximum when the cavity length is an odd number of 1/4 wavelengths long for which its input impedance is a maximum. Similarly, for an insulated end plate, the power delivered to the travelling waves is a maximum for a cavity with a length equal to an integer number of half wavelengths for which its input impedance is again a maximum.      

A combination of a Drickamer anvil apparatus and monochromatic X‐rays for stress and strain measurements under high pressure

A modified Drickamer anvil apparatus has been developed to combine with monochromatic synchrotron radiation for high‐pressure X‐ray diffraction and radiography in the GSECARS bending‐magnet station, 13‐BM‐D, at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, USA. Using this experimental set‐up, deformation experiments can be carried out at pressures in excess of 30 GPa at high temperatures. Differential stresses and total axial strains of polycrystalline platinum and Mg₂SiO₄ ringwoodite have been measured up to 32 GPa at room temperature using tungsten carbide anvils. The total axial strain of the platinum increases with pressure and reaches about 55% at the highest pressure. A test run using a composite sintered diamond anvil system was performed. The use of X‐ray‐tranparent anvils enables the entire Debye rings to be observed up to 10° 2θ. With high‐energy photons (65–70 keV), this allows a coverage in Q (= 2π sinθ/λ) to about 3 Å^?1, thus making it possible to evaluate hydrostatic pressure and differential stress in crystalline minerals using diffraction. This, coupled with the ability to determine axial strain, allows deformation studies to be performed to pressures above 30 GPa.     

The attenuation of lined plenum chambers in ducts: I. Theoretical models

Two types of theory are described, with the purpose of predicting the acoustic transmission loss of lined plenum chambers (which are sometimes used as attenuators in air conditioning duct systems). The first kind of theory embodies a low frequency wave acoustic approach, and two separate models are evolved: one is for a single plenum chamber, and the second is for a plenum chamber incorporating one or more acoustically lined baffles. The other type of theory is valid at high frequencies, and is based upon geometrical (or “ray”) acoustics. This is applied to a single chamber and to chambers containing either one or two lined baffles. Both the high frequency and low frequency results are reasonably simple. A limited amount of experimental data is also presented, as justification for the validity of part of the theory.     

具有高隔离度的双陷波超宽带多入多出天线

提出了一款具有高隔离度的双陷波超宽带多入多出(UWB MIMO)天线。该天线由两个相同的半切超宽带天线单元倒置构成。通过在天线底板刻蚀栅栏型缺陷地解耦结构,使该MIMO天线的隔离度提高至25 dB。此外,在天线半圆形辐射贴片上刻蚀两个方向相反的"L"型缝隙,实现了双陷波的功能,分别抑制了802.16无线城域网WiMAX(3.2~3.7 GHz)和WLAN(5.15~5.85 GHz)信号对天线系统的干扰。实验结果表明,该天线在3~11 GHz工作带宽内的隔离度大于25 dB,包络相关系数(ECC)小于0.004;第一个陷波频段为3.0~3.7 GHz,第二个陷波频段为5.1~5.85 GHz,有效抑制了WiMAX和WLAN的信号干扰。     

Level Set方法及其在两相流数值模拟研究中的应用

本文介绍了一种崭新的捕捉两相流相界面的 Ｌｅｖｅｌ Ｓｅｔ方法,并应用该方法对两种互不相容流体间的平面界面波动现象进行了数值模拟,捕捉到了两相流界面波动过程中的一些复杂现象。计算结果与实验观测现象符合良好,表明这种方法是一种很有前途的两相流数值模拟方法,很值得进一步研究和推广。