柱形管的毛细现象

给出了杨氏方程和柱形毛细管内液柱最大高度H0的计算公式,计算了几种规则形状的柱形毛细管的主曲率半径R01和R02．     

Electroosmotic Flow in Capillary Tubes

Russian Physics Journal - The paper proposes a computation and theoretical methodology for studying electrokinetic phenomena at the solid-electrolyte interface in terms of the continuum model. The...     

Capillary rise in porous media

Capillary rise experiments were performed in columns filled with glass beads and Berea sandstones, using visual methods to register the advance of the water front. For the glass-bead-filled columns, early time data is well fitted by the Washburn equation. However in the experiments, the advancing front exceeded the predicted equilibrium height. For large times, an algebraic behavior of the velocity of the front is observed (T. Delker, D. Pengra and P. Wong, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) 2902). A model to study the capillary pressure evolution in a regular assembly of spheres is proposed and developed. It is based on a quasi-static advance of the meniscus with a piston-like motion, and allows to estimate the hydraulic equilibrium height, with values very close to those obtained by fitting early time data to a Washburn equation. The change of regime is explained as a transition in the mechanism of advance of the meniscus. On the other hand, only the Washburn regime was observed for the sandstones. The front velocity was fitted to an algebraical form with an exponent close to 0.5, a value expected from the asymptotic limit of the Washburn equation.     

Capillary scale NMR flow mapping

Stopped-flow NMR at capillary scale has many advantages over traditional methods of introducing the sample into the probe, particularly when large numbers of samples must be examined. This work describes application of a simple method for direct visualization of a sample inside the flow cell of flow NMR systems to capillary scale analysis. We describe the details of the method and show how it can be used to measure the optimum flow rate for a capillary NMR system and how to determine the optimum sampling efficiency for small samples.     

Capillary surfaces in a cone

We show that a capillary surface in a solid cone, that is, a surface that has constant mean curvature and for which the surface boundary meets the boundary of the cone at a constant angle, is radially graphical if the mean curvature is non-positive with respect to the Gauss map pointing towards the domain bounded by the surface and the boundary of the cone. In the particular case in which the cone is circular, we prove that the surface is a spherical cap or a planar disc. The proofs are based on an extension of the Alexandrov reflection method using inversions about spheres.     

Capillary filling in closed-end nanotubes

Capillary filling in small length scale is an important process in nanotechnology and microfabrication. When one end of the tube or channel is sealed, it is important to consider the escape of the trapped gas. We develop a dynamic model on capillary filling in closed-end tubes, based on the diffusion–convection equation and Henry's law of gas dissolution. We systematically investigate the filling dynamics for various sets of parameters, and compare the results with a previous model which assumes a linear density profile of dissolved gas and neglect the convective term.     

Capillary condensation in liquid-crystal colloids

We study capillary condensation between two spherical particles dispersed in the isotropic phase of a nematic liquid crystal. Within the Landau-de Gennes theory, we calculate interaction energies due to the formation of capillary bridges that reproduce experimental observations. Close to the critical point of the transition line separating the no-bridge from the bridge configuration, fluctuations in the particle cluster might be described by an effective two-state system. We show that the transition line vanishes for small particles and that the shape of the interaction potential depends on particle size.     

Bispectral Analysis of Gravity Capillary Waves

We perform a laboratory study of the nonlinear phase relation between short gravity waves with wavelengths of the order of 10 cm and their higher harmonics including spurious capillary ripple. The presence of higher harmonics of the basic low-frequency component in the spectrum of gravity capillary waves (GCWs) is confirmed on the basis of the methods of bispectral analysis. To determine the quantitative relations between the contributions of free and forced components in the GCW spectrum, we use the normalized bicoherence function. We show that it is correctly defined for both broadband random processes and polyharmonic random signals. The quantitative relation between the contributions from free and forced waves in the GCW spectrum at the frequency of the second harmonic is obtained.     

A Capillary Based Chemiluminscent Multi-Target Immunoassay

Renewed interest in capillary format immunoassays has lead to increasingly costly and complex approaches to preparation and readout. This study describes a simple multi-target method based on a capillary platform using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labelled IgG to visualize an antibody antigen complex. When goat-anti-human IgG was employed as the probe and human IgG as target, the system allowed detection of target to less than 1 ng/mL using a standard detection approach. The capillaries were read visually or with a commercial grade CCD camera. Multi-target detection was demonstrated using a model system of rat-anti-mouse, goat-anti-human and mouse-anti-rat IgG. These probes were encoded to different locations in the capillary, providing a simple inexpensive approach to achieve multi-target assays.     

Lattice-Boltzmann Simulation of Capillary Rise Dynamics

We report results of extensive two-phase lattice-Boltzmann simulations of capillary rise dynamics. We demonstrate that the method can be used to model the hydrodynamic behaviour inside a capillary tube provided that the diameter of the tube is large enough, typically at least 30 lattice units. We also present results for the dependence of the cosine of the dynamic contact angle on the capillary number Ca. Its deviation from the static advancing contact angle has a power-law form, with the value of the exponent very close to 3/2 for capillary rise at zero gravity, while behaviour is more complex in the presence of gravity.     

Capillary instabilities by fluctuation induced forces

The spontaneous break-up of thin films is commonly attributed to the destabilizing effect of van der Waals forces. Dispersion forces can be considered in terms of the confinement of the electromagnetic fluctuation spectrum. The principle of confinement is more general than the usual argument of interacting dipole fluctuations. It includes also disjoining pressures that are caused by thermal fluctuations. In this context, we review recent publications on the dewetting of thin polymer films, and argue that the presence of an acoustic disjoining pressure is necessary to adequately describe some of these experimental results.Received: 1 August 2003PACS: 47.20.Ma Interfacial instability - 68.15. + e Liquid thin films - 43.25.Qp Radiation pressure     

Capillary waveguide optrodes for Medical applications

Glass capillaries with a chemically sensitive coating on the inner surface are used as optical sensors for medical diagnostics. The capillary simultaneously serves as a sample compartment, a sensor element, and an inhomogeneous optical waveguide. Different optical setups have been investigated and compared regarding its waveguiding properties.     

Capillary interactions between anisotropic colloidal particles

We report on the behavior of micron-sized prolate ellipsoids trapped at an oil-water interface. The particles experience strong, anisotropic, and long-ranged attractive capillary interactions which greatly exceed the thermal energy k(B)T. Depending on surface chemistry, the particles aggregate into open structures or chains. Using video microscopy, we extract the pair interaction potential between ellipsoids and show it exhibits a power law behavior over the length scales probed. Our observations can be explained using recent calculations, if we describe the interfacial ellipsoids as capillary quadrupoles.     

毛细管电泳噪声特性分析

为优化毛细管电泳荧光信号检测系统,提高检测灵敏度,以100~1 000碱基对的脱氧核糖核酸作为分离对象,羟乙基纤维素为筛分介质,研究了直流电场下毛细管电泳荧光信号检测系统中的噪声特性.对不同分离电场强度、羟乙基纤维素溶液浓度和分子量、毛细管有效长度以及毛细管内径形状等情况下的噪声特性进行分析.分析得到该检测系统中信噪比最佳的优化参量,即分离电场强度为500~600V/cm、羟乙基纤维素浓度为0.6%~0.7%、羟乙基纤维素分子量为250、圆形内径为50μm以及毛细管有效长度为8cm.     

Dynamics of Interface Displacement in Capillary Flow

The dynamics of capillary flow has several practical applications in the industry and has been extensively investigated. The main focuses in these studies are the motion of the interface, especially near the three-phase contact line, and the change of contact angle during the invasion process. In this work we present several simulations results of capillary invasion in two- and three-dimensions, using the Lattice–Boltzmann model based on field mediators. We investigate the velocity field near the solid surface, the changes in the contact angle as a consequence of the flow, and the boundary conditions that can be used in the inlet and outlet of the capillary tube. In all simulations the diameter of tube is made large enough to enable the evaluation of the contact angle directly from the density field and the results of capillary rise are compared with a theoretical model based on the Bosanquet equation, which includes capillary, viscous, inertial and gravitational effects.     

Capillary nematisation of colloidal rods in confinement

ABSTRACT

We confine a colloidal liquid crystal between parallel plates separated down to several times the rod length. By connecting the system to a reservoir we effectively create a grand canonical system, in which the liquid crystal displays an isotropic phase in the reservoir, but upon strong confinement becomes nematic between the parallel plates. This capillary nematisation transition can be followed down to the single particle level by means of laser scanning confocal microscopy. We compare the experimental findings to density functional theories (DFTs), within the Zwanzig model as well as a more advanced DFT, in which the effect of rod flexibility is taken into account.     

Capillary condensation in a fractal porous medium

Small-angle x-ray and neutron scattering are used to characterize the surface roughness and porosity of a natural rock which are described over three decades in length scales and over nine decades in scattered intensities by a surface fractal dimension D = 2.68+/-0.03. When this porous medium is exposed to a vapor of a contrast-matched water, neutron scattering reveals that surface roughness disappears at small scales, where a Porod behavior typical of smooth interfaces is observed instead. Water-sorption measurements confirm that such interface smoothing is due predominantly to the water condensing in the most strongly curved asperities rather than covering the surface with a wetting film of uniform thickness.     

毛细管干涉仪的理论分析

从几何光学出发,推导了毛细管干涉仪的从柱面透镜到接收屏的光线的光程．对光线追迹模拟,结果表明毛细管干涉仪的干涉条纹的形成可用双光束的干涉来解释．从柱面不同位置入射的两条光线可能具有相同的光程,而且从柱面透镜不同位置出发的两条光线可能到达接收屏的同一点,当它们满足相干条件时,就会形成干涉条纹．建立了干涉条纹的计算机模拟程序, 模拟了毛细管中液体折射率、毛细管内径、外径对干涉条纹的影响. 结果表明实验中应使用薄壁毛细管, 由于干涉条纹对柱面透镜到毛细管之间的距离非常敏感, 为提高精度, 建议在实验中用已知折射率的标样来确定这一距离.