Whistlers and negative ions

Using an appropriate model of the ionosphere, we find the travel time for proton whistlers to go from their source to an observer at a satellite. The results differ from earlier ones. The physical parameters obtained through whistler observations agree with these results. Damping and attenuation of whistlers are related to the ionospheric parameters.     

Transformations of radicals and ions in irradiated sodium sulfate doped with nitrate ions

The structure and properties of the paramagnetic centers formed by γ-irradiation at 77 K in sodium sulfate doped with nitrate ions have been investigated by the EPR method. The NO^2? ₃, NO₂ and SO^? ₄ radicals have been identified. The orientation of NO^2? ₃ relation to crystallographic axes is determined. In the 77-400 K temperature range the transformations of observable radicals have been studied. The mechanisms of their formation and thermal annealing have been discussed. The symmetry of nitrate ions in sodium sulfate was investigated by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. At the concentration of NO^? ₃ up to 5.5 × 10¹⁸ g^?1 the nitrate ion was supposed to have a planar or pyramidal configuration of the D_3h or C_3V symmetries. At the concentration of the dopant higher than 5.5 × 10¹⁸ g^?1 the nitrate ions with the C_2V symmetry were observed.     

罗丹明类荧光探针在重金属和过渡金属离子检测中的应用

作为一种高量子产率的荧光分子,罗丹明常常被选作荧光母体用于金属离子荧光探针的设计合成。该文对近年来罗丹明类荧光探针在重金属与过渡金属离子检测中的应用进行了详细综述,包括作用机理、检测离子、应用范围及检测水平都进行了详细的比较分析。另外,提出了罗丹明类重金属离子荧光探针研究目前存在的问题和今后的发展趋势。     

Atoms and ions in superfluid helium

Optical spectra of atomic impurities in liquid helium have been investigated. Comparison is made between the wavelength of the free atomic and ionic lines and those in the liquid helium matrix. Simultaneously, the line width and a possible asymmetry is recorded. Presence and absence of radiative transitions depend on the species of the atom implanted in the quantum fluid. The absence of any optical transitions from states lying as low as 1,8 eV below the ionization limit will be explained in this paper.     

Atoms and ions in superfluid helium

Optical spectra, level population and nonradiative deexcitation processes of atomic impurities in liquid helium have been investigated. The recombination of electrons and positive metal ions are described by the tunneling model. This model explains the population gap of 1.8 eV below the ionisation limit which was observed for several neutral defect atoms in liquid helium. In the framework of a pseudopotential theory excited singlet levels of Ba, Ca and Na atoms are recalculated and compared to experimental data. Non-spherical atomic defects for excited p-states are treated also. Quadrupole vibrations of these distorted defect structures are assumed to be responsible for inducing multiphonon transitions between excited atomic states.     

Asymptotic coefficients for atoms and ions

We derive convenient analytical formulas in the effective-range approximation for the asymptotic coefficient C _κ of the radial wave function at infinity and for the average radius of the system. A comparison with the results of numerical calculations (done by the Hartree-Fock method) for multi-electron atoms and ions reveals that this approximation has good accuracy for valence s-electrons in all atoms from hydrogen to uranium. We calculate the values of the scattering lengths and the effective ranges for electron-atom and electron-ion scattering. We also examine the quasiclassical approximation for C _κ. Finally, we discuss the logarithmic increase in the effective ranges of ns states as n→∞. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 115, 521–541 (February 1999)     

Electronic and positronic guiding-center drift ions

A novel type of guiding-center drift ion is described. These ions occur only in strong magnetic fields. They consist of a neutral atom to which either an electron or positron is weakly bound, at a sufficiently large radius that it may be described by ExB drift dynamics. Such ions may occur naturally in astrophysical plasmas and may have been formed in recent antihydrogen experiments, where their presence would provide proof that deeply bound H atoms are being created.     

ENDOR and transferred hyperfine interaction of impurity rare-earth ions with nearest diamagnetic ions in crystals

The tetragonal Er³⁺ ion associated with the interstitial F^? ion along the [100] axis in CaF₂ is studied using ENDOR. The parameters of the transferred hyperfine interaction and of the nuclear Zeeman interaction of the surrounding fluorine ions are determined. Anomalously large values of the pseudo-nuclear Zeeman effect on the F^? nuclei are found. The theoretical analysis of these parameters is carried out in a frame of operator techniques in the theory of transferred hyperfine interactions. A number of useful relations for practical calculations of the values of the local field at ligand nuclei are reported.     

Transient fields for W ions traversing Fe hosts and for Os ions traversing Fe and Ni hosts

Transient field strengths were measured for^{184, 186}W ions traversing thin, magnetized Fe foils with velocities in the range 1.8 ≲ υ/υ₀ ≲ 5.7 (υ₀ = Bohr velocity) and for^{188, 190, 192}Os ions traversing polarized Ni hosts with average velocities 〈υ/υ₀〉 ∼ 4. The present measured transient field strengths, together with previously measured results for W, Os ions, are compared with transient field strength parametrizations, and discussed in terms of microscopic models of the transient field.     

Lattice disorder produced in GaAs by 60 keV Cd ions and 70 keV Zn ions

Abstract

We have used the standard channeling technique with a 1.0 MeV He⁺ analyzing beam to investigate the lattice disorder produced in GaAs by 60 keV Cd and 70 keV Zn ion implantations made at room temperature. The amount of disorder produced increases linearly with dose and saturates at a dose of approximately 1–2 × 10¹³ Cd ions/cm². The disorder present in low dose implants (～5 × 10¹² Cd ions/cm²) anneals appreciably by 150 °C. With increasing doses of Cd or Zn the samples show a continuous increase in the anneal temperature required to remove a substantial amount of lattice disorder. There is no apparent difference between the anneal of Zn and Cd implants. The rate at which lattice disorder is produced in GaAs by heavy ion implantations and the doses of heavy ions required to saturate the lattice disorder observed are significantly different from the values of the corresponding quantities for Si and Ge.     

Neutralization of negative hydrogen ions in collisions with multicharged fast ions

We study the neutralization of negative hydrogen ions in collisions with multicharged fast ions (including relativistic ions) by using an approach that allows a simple expression for the neutralization cross section to be derived over a range of collision parameters where the standard Born approximation breaks down. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 115, 1549–1560 (May 1999)     

Emission of quasi-thermal ions from a solid bombarded by cluster ions

Comparative studies of the emission of quasi-thermal atomic and cluster ions from V, Nb, Ta, Au, and In targets bombarded by cluster ions Au _m ⁻(m = 1–9), as well as from Si and Bi targets bombarded by cluster ions Au _m ⁻(m = 1–9) and Bi _m ⁻(m = 1–5), with energy E ₀ ranging from 6 to 21 keV are carried out. In the case of bombardment by heavy cluster ions, the fraction of the quasi-thermal component in the energy spectra of sputtered atomic ions reaches 50 (for V, In, and Au), 70 (Nb), or more than 90% (Ta). In addition, quasi-thermal ions play a considerable part in the emission of small cluster ions Au₂⁺, In₂⁺, In₃⁺, and Bi _n ⁺(n = 2–7). The results of the generalizing investigation favor the presence of thermal spike conditions at cluster bombardment and their appreciable contribution to the emission of atomic and small cluster ions.     

Auger transitions in Li-like and Be-like ions

Measurements of the Auger decay of beam-foil excited Be II and Be I levels are reported along with a proposed assignment of the experimental spectra. The Li I, Be II and Be III (1s2s²)²S → (1s²2s)²S Auger transitions as presented in this letter represents the first observation of such states in positive ions with Z?5.     

Production and decay of highly-charged fullerene ions

Highly-charged fullerene ions C ₆₀ ^z+ and C ₇₀ ^z+ with charge states up to z=7 have been produced in an electron impact ion source of a two sector field mass spectrometer by using ion source operating conditions similar to those used in EBIT sources. The stability of these ions was investigated quantitatively in the two field free regions of the mass spectrometer. It was found that besides C₂ evaporation the dominant fission process for ions with charges larger than +2 is the loss of a charged C ₂ ⁺ unit via a super-asymmetric charge separation reaction C ₆₀ ^z+ C ₅₈ ^(z–1)+ +C ₂ ⁺ and C ₇₀ ^z+ C ₆₈ ^(z–1)+ +C ₂ ⁺ , respectively. The most important finding from these studies is that this super-asymmetric dissociation reaction proceeds via a three stage reaction sequence involving an electron transfer reaction at the second stage between a receding C₂ unit and the remaining highly-charged fullerene cage.Based on a lecture given by S. Matt at the 1st Euroconference on Atomic Physics with Stored Highly Charged Ions, Heidelberg, 1995.