核壳结构CdS/ZnS纳米微粒的制备与光学特性

用微乳液法制备CdS纳米微粒 ,以ZnS对其进行表面修饰 ,得到具有核壳结构的CdS/ZnS纳米微粒 .采用X射线衍射 (XRD)、透射电镜 (TEM )表征其结构、粒度和形貌 ,紫外 可见吸收光谱 (UV)、光致发光光谱(PL)表征其光学特性 .制得的CdS近似呈球形 ,直径为 3.3nm ;以XRD和UV证实了CdS/ZnS核壳结构的实现 .研究了不同ZnS壳层厚度对CdS纳米微粒光学性能的影响 ,UV谱表明随着壳层厚度的增加纳米微粒的吸收带边有轻微的红移 ,同时短波吸收增强 ;PL谱表明壳层ZnS的包覆可减少CdS纳米微粒的表面缺陷 ,带边直接复合发光的几率增大 ,具有合适的壳层厚度时发光效率大大提高 .     

桑色素修饰金纳米粒子自组装膜的制备及其性能研究

采用水相硅烷化方法,将γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷[H2N(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3](APES)组装在石英表面,在基底表面修饰上氨基为末端的单层膜,并进一步在这种功能化的单层膜基底上组装金纳米粒子得到金纳米粒子/APES/石英的纳米复合结构.以制备的金纳米粒子自组装膜修饰石英为基底及DL-半胱胺酸为中介,利用桑色素(Morin)和DL-半胱胺酸的化学吸附作用,将桑色素间接组装在金纳米粒子自组装膜修饰石英基底表面,所构建的桑色素修饰金纳米粒子自组装膜对三苯基锡有灵敏的荧光识别作用.文章着重研究了桑色素修饰金纳米粒子自组装膜的制备以及组装条件对其荧光行为的影响,探讨了膜的响应特性及响应机理.     

聚合物PVP表面修饰CdS纳米棒的制备及其光谱特性

用水热合成方法制备了PVP表面修饰CdS纳米棒,用XRD ,TEM ,TG DTA ,IR ,UV Vis,PL等光谱技术进行了表征。与未修饰的CdS纳米棒相比,PVP修饰后的CdS纳米棒具有更均匀的尺寸分布,吸收光谱具有结构峰特征,其荧光发射谱增强。     

长方体形CdS微粒的合成及光谱性质

采用溶胶法,以硫脲为表面修饰剂,合成了长方体形CdS微粒,并用X射线粉末衍射、透射电子显微镜、红外光谱以及荧光光谱等手段进行了表征。实验结果表明,硫脲分子中的硫原子与CdS纳米晶表面的Cd2 离子存在配位作用;硫脲分子表面修饰的CdS纳米晶为立方闪锌矿结构,具有较好的荧光性质;长方体形CdS微粒可能是由硫脲分子表面修饰的CdS初级纳米晶粒自组装组成。该研究结果为硫脲分子表面修饰的CdS初级纳米晶粒在分子组装及作为新型发光材料方面的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

表面修饰的CdS纳米荧光探针的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成硫脲表面修饰的硫化镉纳米粒子[CdS/SC(NH2)2],研究硫脲的用量对其粒径的影响,用X射线粉末衍射、透射电子显微镜,红外光谱以及荧光光谱等手段进行了表征.并研究了小生胸腺DNA的加入对该纳米粒子荧光光谱的影响.实验结果表明,硫脲的用量对该纳米粒子的粒径大小及发光特性有明显影响,随反应物中硫脲与镉离子的物质的量的比值增加,CdS/SC(NH2)2纳米粒子粒径变小,其发射波长蓝移,表现出明显的量子尺寸特性;小牛胸腺DNA的加入使CdS/SC(NH2)2纳米粒子的发射光谱强度减弱,实验推测该纳米粒子与小牛胸腺DNA存在静电相互作用,该研究结果可望用于DNA的分析测定.     

CdS量子点荧光光度法测定蛋白质的含量

利用荧光光度法测定食品中蛋白质的含量;实验以六偏磷酸钠为稳定剂,巯基乙酸为修饰剂水相合成了具有优异光学性质的CdS量子点.基于CdS与牛血清白蛋白(BsA)反应后,荧光强度显著增强,建立了CdS荧光光度法测定蛋白质的新方法;体系的荧光强度与BSA浓度在0.001 43～0.250 mg·mL-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,...     

功能性硫化镉纳米粒子荧光增敏法测定诺氟沙星

室温条件下在水溶液中以硫代乙酰胺和硝酸镉为原料,采用微波法合成了粒度分布均匀、分散性好的CdS纳米粒子,在pH 7.4时,CdS纳米粒子的荧光强度能够被诺氟沙星增敏,且CdS纳米粒子的荧光光谱显示其带边发射位于495 nm,缺陷发射位于565 nm而且不明显,所以表明合成的CdS纳米粒子的光学性质较好,同时紫外吸收光谱和透射电子显微镜也证明了此推论.同时考察了缓冲液、pH值、离子强度、反应时间和温度等条件因素对CdS纳米粒子-诺氟沙星复合体系荧光光谱特性的影响.探讨了在最佳实验条件下,CdS纳米粒子与诺氟沙星之间的可能作用机理,荧光光谱法显示CdS纳米粒子的增加强度与诺氟沙星浓度成正比,其浓度范围为1.25～11.25μg·mL-1或11.25～100.0μg·mL-1,检测限为1.5×10-3 μg·mL1.该方法为研究诺氟沙星含量测定提供了一种新的思路,同时为研究其在体内代谢提供了一定的指导意义.     

核-壳结构ZnS:Tb/CdS纳米晶的电致发光

利用微乳液方法合成出粒径为4nm的核．壳结构ZnS：Tb／CdS纳米晶。用XRD、TEM及荧光光谱等手段对合成的纳米晶的结构、形态和光学特性分别进行了表征。将ZnS：Tb／CdS纳米晶制作成有机-无机杂化结构电致发光器件,其结构为ITO／poly（3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene）：poly（styrene sulfonate）（PEDOT-PSS）（70nm）／poly（vinyleobarzale）（PVK）（100nm）／ZnS：Tb／CdS纳米晶（120nm）／2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline（BCP）（30nm）／LiF（1．0nm）／Al（100nm）。当驱动电压为13V时,可以测到Tb^3＋离子的两个特征峰。在电致发光光谱中未测到聚合物PVK的发光,说明电子和空穴是在纳米晶层上复合的。当驱动电压为25V时,得到器件的最大亮度为19cd／m^2。     

纳米球刻蚀法制备的二维有序的CdS纳米阵列及其光学性质的研究

采用纳米球刻蚀(nanosphere lithography)技术,以自组装的聚苯乙烯纳米小球(polystyrene,PS小球)的单层膜为掩模,制备出二维有序的CdS纳米阵列.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品结构进行了表征,用紫外—可见分光光度计对样品光学性质进行了分析.结果表明：制备的二维CdS纳米阵列是高度有序的,且与作为掩模的纳米小球的原始尺寸及排布结构一致;禁带宽度为2.60eV,相对于体材料的2.42eV,向短波长蓝移了0.18eV,表现出CdS材料在纳米结构点阵中的量子尺寸效应;CdS纳米 关键词： 纳米球刻蚀 二维CdS纳米有序阵列     

表面修饰基团对金纳米颗粒非线性光学效应的影响研究

采用两相法分别制备一级硫醇修饰和二级十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB) 修饰的金纳米颗粒,通过透射电子显微镜和紫外-可见吸收光谱表征了其结构和线性光学性质. 采用开孔Z扫描技术,研究表面修饰对金纳米颗粒在532 nm波长激光作用下的非线性光学效应及光限幅性能的影响行为.结果表明,二级CTAB的修饰增强了颗粒在激光照射下的局域场作用, 并提高了热电子对非线性光学效应的贡献程度,从而有效地提高了金纳米颗粒的光限幅性能.     

Synthesis, surface morphology, and optical and structural properties of CdS and ZnS nanoparticles

Synthesis of CdS and ZnS nanoparticles in reverse micelles and organic solvents has been carried out. Particles with a hexagonal structure 2–5 nm in size are formed during synthesis. Maintaining the reaction mixture at room temperature leads to the formation of nanoparticles with a cubic structure 100–150 nm in size. The changes in the optical properties of CdS and ZnS nanoparticles, depending on the synthesis method and conditions and on the precursors used, have been investigated. The luminescence characteristics of local surface defects of nanoparticles depend weakly on nanoparticle sizes. The dependence of the fluorescence and phosphorescence intensity of nanoparticle surface defects on the polarity of surrounding solution is demonstrated; thus, these particles can be used as polarity indicators.     

溶剂热再结晶合成由纳米颗粒自组装成的一维CdS纳米棒

采用两种不同的溶剂热路径合成出了不同形貌和尺寸的CdS纳米晶, 一种是以无水乙二胺(en) 为溶剂, CdCl₂·2.5H₂O和硫脲(H₂NCSH₂N) 为镉源和硫源, 在不同反应温度(160 ℃-220 ℃ 下制备出了CdS纳米晶, 讨论温度对CdS纳米晶生长的影响; 另一种是以en为溶剂, 将在160 ℃下合成的产物在200 ℃下原位再结晶生长2-8 h, 分析原位生长时间对CdS纳米晶生长的影响. 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子电镜(SEM) 和透射电子电镜(TEM) 等表征产物的物相、 形貌和微结构, 分析可知: 两种路线合成的产物均为六方相CdS; 当温度为160 ℃时, 产物形貌为纳米颗粒状, 当温度高于160 ℃时, 产物为CdS纳米棒状; 同时, 在200 ℃下原位再结晶生长不同时间后发现产物形貌由纳米颗粒转变为纳米棒, 通过场发射扫描电镜(HRTEM) 分析可知: 纳米棒是由零维纳米颗粒自组装而成. 最后, 讨论了影响产物CdS纳米晶形貌转变的因素和纳米棒的生长机理.     

The effect of solvent on the crystal structure and size distribution of cadmium sulfide nanocrystals

CdS nanocrystals with different structures were synthesized by the method of solution precipitation using thiourea and cadmium acetate as starting materials in different solvents: water, methanol and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Our results show that the solvent has direct effect on the structure and size of the final nanoparticles. It was found that using DMF, as a solvent, results in producing smaller nanoparticles with the cubic structures, while using the other solvents gives rise to larger nanoparticles with the hexagonal structure. It was also found that using heat during washing the precipitate results in a more homogenous size distribution of CdS nanocrystals. On the basis of our experimental results we also suggest a critical structure transformation size.     

CdS纳米粒子的自组装单分子膜制备研究

利用疏基乙酸与草酸的混合自组装单分子膜成功制备了粒径分布均匀的CdS纳米粒子，并用SEM，XRD，XPS，PL对样品进行了表征。SEM表明形成在自组装单分子膜表面上的CdS纳米粒子的平均粒径约为45nm。XPS表明在自组装单分子膜表面形成了CdS纳米粒子。PL谱表明CdS纳米粒子在675nm有一峰值波长，我们认为这一发光是由表面缺陷造成的。     

Growth mechanism and optical property of CdS nanoparticles synthesized using amino-acid histidine as chelating agent under sonochemical process

Using amino-acid histidine as chelating agent, CdS nanoparticles have been synthesized by sonochemical method. It is found that by varying the ultrasonic irradiation time, we can tune the band gap and particle size of CdS nanoparticles. The imidazole ring of histidine captures the Cd ions from the solution, and prevents the growth of the CdS nanoparticles. The deviation in the linear relation in between cube of radius of nanoparticles and ultrasonic irradiation time confirms the growth of CdS nanoparticles occur via two process; one is the diffusion process of the reactants as well as reaction at the surface of the crystallite. CdS nanoparticles synthesized using histidine as organic chelating agent have band edge emission at 481 nm and have greater photoluminescence intensity with blue-shift to higher energy due to typical quantum confinement effect.     

核/壳结构ZnS : Mn/CdS纳米粒子的制备及发光

利用溶剂热法制备了Mn离子掺杂的ZnS纳米粒子(ZnS : Mn),利用沉淀法对ZnS ∶ Mn纳米粒子进行了不同厚度的CdS无机壳层包覆。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及光致发光(PL)光谱等手段对样品进行了表征。TEM显示粒子为球形,直径大约在14~18 nm之间。由XRD结果可以看出CdS壳层的形成过程受到了ZnS ∶ Mn核的影响,导致其结晶较差。XRD和XPS测量证明了ZnS : Mn/CdS的核壳结构。随着CdS壳层的增厚,样品的发光强度呈现一直减弱的现象。     

Controlling morphology and structure of nanocrystalline cadmium sulfide (CdS) by tailoring solvothermal processing parameters

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) with different morphologies was successfully prepared by solvothermal process by controlling the processing parameters, including nature of precursor and solvent, reaction temperature and process time. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that, in all cases highly pure and crystallized CdS with hexagonal structure were obtained. In addition, it was found that the processing parameters influence on preferable growth direction of CdS nanostructures. Field emission scanning electron microscope analysis showed that CdS nanowires with different aspect ratios were obtained (depending upon the reaction temperature and process time) in presence of sulfur powder and ethylenediamine, whereas CdS nanoparticles were produced by sulfur powder and ethanolamine. Moreover, CdS nanorods were prepared using thiourea and ethylenediamine. Transmission electron microscope image confirmed that CdS nanowire with one of the highest aspect ratio reported in the literature (i.e., 255) was achieved using sulfur powder and ethylenediamine at 200 °C reaction temperature for 72 h process time. UV–Vis absorption spectra of CdS nanostructures prepared under different conditions displayed a blue shift relative to that of bulk CdS due to the quantum size effect.     

Gas sensing properties of MoO<Subscript>3</Subscript> nanoparticles synthesized by solvothermal method

MoO₃ nanoparticles were prepared by thermally oxidizing the MoO₂ nano-crystallites synthesized by solvothermal reaction, and their gas sensing properties were investigated. Ethanol and water mixed solvents were used in the solvothermal synthesis, and it was observed that the phase, size, and morphology of the products were strongly dependent on the composition of solvents. Well-crystallized and spherical MoO₂ nano-crystallites (~20 nm) were obtained in the mixed solvent (water:ethanol = 40:10 in vol), and subsequent heat treatment at 450 °C produced the well-separated, slightly elongated MoO₃ nano-particles of ~100 nm. The nano-particle MoO₃ gas sensor responded to both oxidizing and reducing gases, but it exhibited the extremely high gas response toward H₂S with a short response time (<10 s). In particular, the magnitude of gas response of nano-particle MoO₃ gas sensor was about 10 times higher than that of micron-sized commercial MoO₃ powder sensor at 20 ppm H₂S.     

Synthesis and characterization of CdS nanoparticles in the presence of oleic acid as solvent and stabilizer

Oleic acid (OA)-capped CdS nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully synthesized via the direct reaction of Cd(CH₂COO)₂·2H₂O with S powder in OA solvent at 230 °C under nitrogen flow, which was a kind of clean and air-stable solvent. The morphologies and structures of the as-synthesized CdS NPs are examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the typical Ostwald ripening growth mechanism is concluded. Moreover, the collected ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy demonstrate good optical properties of CdS NPs.     

Effect of pyridine as a ligand in precursor on morphology of CdS nanoparticles

[Cd(thqdtc)₂], [Cd(thqdtc)₂(py)] and [Cd(thqdtc)₂(2,2′-bipy)] (where thqdtc = 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinecarbodithioate; py = pyridine; 2,2′-bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) have been found to be effective single source precursors for the preparation of diethylenetriamine capped CdS nanoparticles via solvothermal method. Flower-like and rod-like CdS nanoparticles were prepared at a relatively low temperature by thermolysis of the precursors using chelating solvent diethylenetriamine. Use of [Cd(thqdtc)₂] and [Cd(thqdtc)₂(2,2′-bipy)] afforded rod-shaped nanoparticles and flower-like nanoparticles obtained from [Cd(thqdtc)₂(py)]. UV–Visible spectroscopy established pronounced quantum confinement effect. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed hexagonal crystal phase for so obtained CdS nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were also characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence spectroscopy.