Bi0．5Na0．5TiO3纳米晶的制备及其性能研究

采用凝胶自燃烧法合成Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3纳米粉体,并表征了粉体的晶相结构.测试表明应用凝胶自燃工艺合成的Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3粉体材料的粒子大小均匀,晶相单一,不需要经高温处理便能直接形成钙钛矿结构超细粉末.用所合成的粉末压片,1 125 ℃烧结2 h即可获得致密的烧结体,其相对密度为98.08%.用SEM观察烧结样品的平均粒径为2 μm.     

纳米二氧化钛材料的相变和声子限制效应(英文)

拉曼光谱用于研究二氧化钛材料的相变和声子限制效应。化学溶液方法制备了TiO2纳米晶材料。其平均粒度为 6 8- 2 7 9nm。最低频率 1 5 2cm- 1 Eg 模随粒度减小出现蓝移和加宽。在声子限制模型下 ,理论上对不同粒度的TiO2 纳米晶 (6 8,1 0 3和 2 7 9nm)的频移和线宽进行计算 ,结果与实验吻合得很好。研究了TiO2 纳米晶锐钛矿 -金红石相变 ,其相变温度为 6 5 0 - 6 90℃ ,比体块TiO2 的相变温度 1 0 0 0℃低 ,表明了相变的尺寸效应     

纳米晶ZrO2：Eu3＋-Bi3＋的制备及Bi3＋敏化Eu3＋特征发射的研究

采用化学共沉淀法制备了纳米晶ZrO2：Eu3＋-Bi3＋粉体,所制备的纳米晶粉体均能观测到Eu3＋离子的室温特征发射．研究了样品的晶体结构和发光性质．结果表明：经600℃煅烧后得到的纳米晶ZrO2：Eu3＋-Bi3＋粉体的晶相为四方相,经800,950及1100℃煅烧后的样品为四方相和单斜相的混合晶相．Eu3＋离子在四方相中的室温特征发射明显强于在混合相中的发射．Bi3＋离子的掺入对Eu3＋离子的室温特征发射有显著的敏化作用．     

Bi_(3.15)Nd_(0.15)Ti_3O_(12)纳米棒的拉曼和紫外吸收光谱研究

以Bi(NO3)3.5H2O,Nd(NO3)3.6H2O和Ti(OC4H9)4为原料,加入聚乙烯醇(PVA-124),采用水热法在200℃经48 h合成了铋层状钙钛矿结构掺钕钛酸铋(Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12,BNdT)纳米棒,纳米棒直径约10~200 nm,长度达十几微米。利用Raman散射研究了掺钕对钛酸铋晶格结构的影响。掺钕钛酸铋和钛酸铋的Raman光谱表明,Nd取代了类钙钛矿层中A位的Bi,掺Nd改善了BTO的对称性和减小了TiO6八面体的畸变。利用UV-vis光谱研究了BNdT纳米棒的光吸收特性,BNdT纳米棒存在A(400 nm),B(275 nm),C(210 nm),D(196 nm)四个吸收带,分别对应于电子从Bi3+的基态1S0到激发态3P1,3P2,1P1的跃迁和电子从阴离子团TiO6八面体到带正电的Bi3+离子的跃迁。BNdT的带隙为4.3 eV,大的带隙归因于纳米结构的量子尺寸效应。     

醇热技术制备TiO2纳米晶的荧光光谱及荧光量子产率

采用钛酸四丁酯醇热技术制备了TiO2纳米晶溶胶,透射电子显微镜(TEM)照片显示其为粒径小于10nm的类球形形貌。该纳米晶在最大激发波长375nm激发下,在450nm处产生稳定的强荧光。不同浓度TiO2纳米晶的荧光光谱和吸收光谱表明,该发光带不仅受粒子量子尺寸效应的影响还与带内缺陷能级和表面态的电子跃迁有关,是三者共同作用的结果。以硫酸奎宁在激发波长313nm的荧光量子产率0.55为标准,测得TiO2纳米晶在不同激发波长下的荧光量子产率。结果表明,TiO2纳米晶在激发波长330～370nm范围内有较高的荧光量子产率(约为0.20),远高于文献报道值(10-3数量级)。据此,TiO2纳米晶有望成为一种有前途的无机纳米荧光探针。     

纳米二氧化钛的制备及Eu~(3+)掺杂发光研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了四种不同配方Eu3+掺杂的TiO2纳米晶.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、EDS能谱、光致发光光谱对样品的形貌、成份及性能进行了表征.研究了退火温度、稀土Eu3+离子掺杂摩尔分数、溶剂乙醇量等对发光性能的影响,并对其发光机理进行了探讨.结果表明:稀土Eu3+掺杂TiO2纳米晶样品,掺杂均匀、颗粒大约在30～80nm;从EDS能谱分析可得Ti:O原子个数比并不是按化学计量TiO2满足1:2,这是因为在TiO2中形成的是Ti-O-Ti键,Eu3+离子很可能取代了Ti4+离子,同时又形成了氧空位,表明稀土Eu3+离子进入TiO2晶格中;样品的主发射峰在614nm(5D0→7F2)处发光最强,且在593nm(5D0→7F1)处出现了属于磁偶极跃迁的发射峰,制备Eu3+∶TiO2纳米晶的组分、退火温度、溶剂乙醇的量不同,发射光谱的强度也不同.     

Bi2Te3 基花状纳米片粉体的制备及热电性能研究

本文通过选用不同乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA) 的用量采用水热法制备出了具有花状纳米片形貌的碲化铋(Bi2Te3 ) 纳米粉体, 研究了不同 EDTA 的用量对 Bi2Te3 纳米粉体花状纳米片形貌的影响, 结果表明 EDTA 的用量对粉体的成相和形貌有很大的影响. EDTA 用量为0.2 g 是最佳值, 有助于形成纯相的 Bi2Te3 花状纳米片. 并以 Y元素掺杂为例, 研究了 EDTA 用量对元素掺杂 Bi2Te3 纳米粉体花状形貌的影响, 研究发现元素掺杂后对 Bi2Te3粉体的微观形貌有一定的影响. 为了保持元素掺杂 Bi2Te3 纳米粉体的花状形貌,EDTA 合适的用量至关重要. 以Y0 .2Bi1 .8Te3 为例, 研究了 EDTA 用量对样品的热电性能的影响. 结果表明, 花状纳米片形貌有利于在降低样品电阻率的同时有效降低样品的热导率, 从而大大增加了样品的ZT 值.     

纳米二氧化钛的制备及Eu3＋掺杂发光研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了四种不同配方Eu3+掺杂的TiO2纳米晶.利用扫描电镜（SEM)、EDS能谱、光致发光光谱对样品的形貌、成份及性能进行了表征.研究了退火温度、稀土Eu3+离子掺杂摩尔分数、溶剂乙醇量等对发光性能的影响,并对其发光机理进行了探讨.结果表明:稀土Eu3+掺杂TiO2纳米晶样品,掺杂均匀、颗粒大约在30~80 nm|从EDS能谱分析可得Ti:O原子个数比并不是按化学计量TiO2满足1:2,这是因为在TiO2中形成的是Ti-O-Ti键,Eu3+离子很可能取代了Ti4+离子,同时又形成了氧空位,表明稀土Eu3+离子进入TiO2晶格中|样品的主发射峰在614 nm(5D0→7F2)处发光最强,且在593 nm(5D0→7F1)处出现了属于磁偶极跃迁的发射峰,制备Eu3+∶TiO2纳米晶的组分、退火温度、溶剂乙醇的量不同,发射光谱的强度也不同.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备的高压电常数(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5))_(1-x)Ba_xTiO_3系无铅压电陶瓷

测量了使用溶胶 凝胶工艺制备的 (Bi0 5Na0 5) 1 -xBaxTiO3(x =0 0 0 ,0 0 4 ,0 0 6 ,0 0 8,0 12 )系陶瓷的介电、压电、铁电和热释电性能 .由于使用了溶胶 凝胶工艺制备的粉料 ,因此所有样品的压电性能都得到了较大提高 .其中(Bi0 5Na0 5) 0 94 Ba0 0 6 TiO3系陶瓷具有该系列最大的压电常数 ,d33=173× 10 - 1 2 C N ,与传统工艺相比 ,d33提高了近4 0 % .同时 ,在一定范围内 ,随Ba含量的增加 ,材料的剩余极化Pr 和矫顽场Ec 逐渐减小 ,退极化温度逐渐降低 .对于 (Bi0 5Na0 5) 0 94 Ba0 0 6 TiO3系陶瓷 ,剩余极化和矫顽场分别为 2 5 μC cm2 和 2 8kV cm ,退极化温度约为 80℃ .     

光电变色器件用纳米晶氧化钛薄膜的微结构与特性

纳米晶TiO2薄膜在光电变色器件中具有很重要的作用。它的微结构直接影响染料的吸附、光的散射以及电荷输运的特性。因此，探索TiO2薄膜的微结构(如粒径、表面形貌和厚度等)及光电性能是非常有意义的。采用电子束蒸发工艺制备了光电变色器件用纳晶TiO2薄膜，利用原子力显微镜、X射线衍射、俄歇电子能谱等手段对纳米晶TiO2薄膜的表面形貌、结晶状态及组分进行了分析。从理论上研究和讨论了纳米晶TiO2薄膜晶粒尺寸对光电性能的影响，并用量子限制效应解释了吸收光谱峰值波长随粒径减小而发生蓝移的现象。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.