移动特征靶标的摄像机径向畸变标定

针对成像测量系统中镜头径向畸变影响测量精度的问题,提出了一种基于物面移动同心圆特征靶标的径向畸变标定方法。该方法先将固定在二维精密平台上的同心圆靶标置于垂直物面的特定位置,然后采集靶标图像,同时用最小二乘法以拟合得到的圆直径为条件,按一定方式移动特征靶标,直到拟合值达到极值或者在一定误差范围内。记录该幅图像,则其拟合得到的圆心坐标便是畸变中心,同时利用该幅图像,根据等差值半径和摄像机成像模型的半径的成像关系求出其畸变多项式系数。为提高特征靶标的移动效率,提出了坐标轮换最优化移动的方案。实验结果表明,该方法对畸变中心的标定精度可达0.6pixel,畸变多项式系数有效数字重复误差小于0.02,并可实现两者的一靶标定,且利用该法获得的参数能实现对畸变图像的准确校正。     

书籍扫描图像畸变参数自动计算精度的提高

建立了一个数据文件,用于存储一些在不同弯曲状态下书籍扫描图像页边灰度的曲线数据以及对应的多项式系数。利用多项式来描述在某种弯曲状态下像素灰度与页面上的对应点到扫描仪工作平面之间的距离关系。任意弯曲状态下的书籍扫描图像可以在数据文件中搜索到与其最接近的弯曲状态,并利用对应的多项式系数自动求得最佳畸变参数,用于图像的畸变校正实验,获得了较好的校正效果,最大误差由未校正时的63%下降到了4.4%。这使得在无需人工测量或调整畸变参数的条件下可自动校正书籍扫描图像。     

基于新型靶的CCD摄像系统畸变测量与校正

深入研究了测试图案对测量畸变的影响。提出"一靶测试法"进行畸变测量与校正,拍摄了自行设计、制作的"综合点阵靶板"的畸变图像,图像处理得到其畸变点位置,并与理想点位置进行对应比较。建立多项式模型确定畸变点与理想点的位置校正关系,理想点位置由理想成像得到,并运用最小二乘拟合算法求得多项式系数,标定整个CCD摄像系统的畸变。"综合点阵靶板"采用灰色圆点黑色间带图案,方便了点按序标记排列,从而确定畸变点与理想点的一一对应。对2.6 mm焦距的广角CCD镜头摄像系统进行了畸变测量与校正,其重复测量,校正精度达到0.3%。     

书籍扫描图像畸变参数自动计算方法的研究

为实现书籍扫描图像的畸变自动校正,提出用多项式来描述各像素的理论灰度g(zi)与页面上对应点到扫描仪工作平面距离zi二者之间的关系。为确立该多项式,在畸变参数已知条件下扫描一幅图像,根据已知畸变参数求出zi,即可按最小二乘法原理由各像素灰度的实际值求出多项式的各个系数。实验证明,采用4阶多项式已能满足一般要求,并求出了各系数。对任意扫描图像,自动计算畸变参数的方法为:首先利用扫描图像上页边空白处各像素的灰度,对畸变参数进行估计,并求出zi的估计值;然后代入所确立的多项式,可求得g(zi);通过调整各畸变参数的估计值,直到g(zi)与gi最为接近,即得最佳畸变参数。用于图像校正实验,获得了较好的校正效果,最大误差由不校正时的41%下降到了6.9%。这使得无需用户测量并输入有关畸变参数即可进行自动校正。     

应用场光线传递方程计算鱼眼镜头像场像差

应用场光线传递方程,从鱼眼镜头的孔径光阑处,逆向追迹场光线传递方程,确定任意视场角场光线的初始位置,即光阑球差.正向追迹场光线计算鱼眼镜头系统物、像空间视场角之间的关系曲线;用多项式拟合求出关系曲线的解析表达式.通过反演运算,根据畸变图像复原物的图像分布,达到消除鱼眼镜头成像系统畸变的目的.最后,计算了一个160°鱼眼镜头光学系统的光阑球差和图像的畸变,并应用本文方法复原物的图像分布.计算结果表明:光阑球差的计算结果与真值的相对误差小于1%;复原的物方图像径向高度相对误差小于0.25%,说明本文计算鱼眼镜头像场像差的方法是可行的.     

Characteristics of geometric distortion correction with increasing field-of-view in open-configuration MRI

Open-configuration magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems are becoming increasingly desirable for musculoskeletal imaging and image-guided radiotherapy because of their non-claustrophobic configuration. However, geometric image distortion in large fields-of-view (FOV) due to field inhomogeneity and gradient nonlinearity hinders the practical applications of open-type MRI. We demonstrated the use of geometric distortion correction for increasing FOV in open MRI. Geometric distortion was modeled and corrected as a global polynomial function. The appropriate polynomial order was identified as the minimum difference between the coordinates of control points in the distorted MR image space and those predicted by polynomial modeling. The sixth order polynomial function was found to give the optimal value for geometric distortion correction. The area of maximum distortion was < 1 pixel with an FOV of 285 mm. The correction performance error was increased at most 1.2% and 2.9% for FOVs of 340 mm and ~ 400 mm compared with the FOV of 285 mm. In particular, unresolved distortion was generated by local deformation near the gradient coil center.     

Quadric surface projection model for fish-eye cameras

The curved surface projection model in fisheye image correction algorithm is presented. To analyze the causes of distortion in existing models, we establish an ideal surface projection model and compare its surface with the surfaces of existing models. Subsequently, feature points are obtained on the ideal surface according to the relationship of coordinates of fish-eye image points and their ideal three-dimentional (3D) points. Finally, the least square method is used to obtain a quadric surface and presents a quadric surface projection model. The experiment shows that the corrected image of the new model is more similar to the actual scene than the corrected images of previous models.     

相位光栅型曲率传感器的波前校正算法

 针对相位光栅曲率传感器能够测量波前曲率在光瞳面上分布的特点,提出了一种采用整个空间分布的曲率信号来实现波前校正的算法。用曲率型变形镜影响函数的曲率信号在光瞳面上的分布来拟合待校正波前的曲率信号,采用最小二乘方法得到变形镜的控制电压,实现波前校正过程。数值模拟了一种41单元曲率型自适应光学系统采用该算法的波前校正过程。结果表明,对4至28阶Zernike像差体现了校正效果,对曲率为0的Zernike像差校正效果略好于曲率不为0的Zernike像差。与传统分区法的校正效果相比,整体法对Zernike像差的校正效果基本相当。整体法无需对光瞳面上的曲率信号进行与电极分布相同的分区,降低了对系统校准的要求。     

基于载频条纹相位分析的畸变测量和校正

为了对图像畸变进行测量和校正,利用纵向朗奇(Ronchi)载频条纹作为测量模板,通过成像系统获取畸变光栅条纹.运用傅里叶变换对畸变条纹图像进行频谱分析、滤波提取基频信息,直接从畸变图像的中心无畸变区域提取理想条纹像信息.通过相位分析提取包裹相位并解包,获得畸变光栅条纹的径向畸变相位分布规律.将该分布规律转化为径向位置畸变分布规律,并结合双线性插值灰度重建对畸变图像进行校正.实验结果证明该方法是有效的.     

一种成像测量图像径向几何畸变的校正方法

通过对具有径向畸变的摄像机模型的分析,设计了一套求解图像径向几何畸变中心和畸变多项式系数的方案。首先,依据校正样板曲线的弯曲程度应用一元线性回归法和逐次逼近法求取光学图像的几何畸变中心,然后应用递推最小二乘法求解径向几何畸变的多项式系数,最后根据所得到的畸变中心和畸变多项式系数对图像进行校正得到满足要求的图像。仿真试验证明:该方法可以通过一次采集单幅图像对成像系统进行高精度标定,能够对成像测量系统的径向几何畸变进行一定精度的校正。实践证明:该方法通过图像处理的方法提高成像测量系统的精度,降低了系统的设计成本,可以作为成像测量系统中单独标定摄像机畸变参数的一种简单有效的方法。     

Correcting non-linear lens distortion in cameras without using a model

Camera lens distortion calibration is the first step in resolving any metric application with a camera. To date, lens distortion was corrected using some existing lens distortion non-metric or self-calibration methods. Using a lens distortion model means defining a global rule to correct the entire image. This global rule does not take into account particular lens distortion effects not represented by the model. Moreover, to calibrate the model, only some features of the scene such as straight lines, circles or vanishing points are used. Since only the feature of the scene used to calibrate the model is guaranteed by the distortion rectification, it is certain that the model will not be precise. The result is an approximation of the real image distortion.To improve the lens distortion rectification, a method without using a model is proposed. Using a set of control points distributed across the entire image, they are corrected to assure all the restrictions of the scene. With both sets of points, the points detected in the image and the undistorted ones, image local transformations are defined considering only nearby control points. Rather than calibrating a global model, local functions are characterized. The distortion correction is defined by a rectification surface composed of local surface patches each influenced by nearby control points. This method is more sensitive to local deformations and allows the image to be corrected in accordance with its distortion.     

运动声源多普勒畸变信号自适应校正方法EI北大核心CSCD

提出了一种自适应多普勒畸变校正方法,以声源移动速度v、初始时刻麦克风与声源横向距离x两个运动学参数为优化变量,以最大化重采样信号的频域统计指标为优化目标,通过参数寻优进行v和x的估计,通过幅值还原和时域插值拟合进行畸变校正。仿真分析结果表明,频谱峭度、频谱偏度、频谱脉冲因子和频谱峰值因子4种统计指标均能准确识别运动学参数,且频谱峭度的抗噪能力最好,临界信噪比达到-3.1 dB。实验分析结果表明,列车故障轴承多普勒畸变声音信号校正后,包络谱故障频率成分及其倍频成分清晰准确,说明多普勒畸变得到有效校正。该方法可基于信号本身实现多普勒畸变信号时频结构的全面校正。     

基于重投影的多项式拟合校正射束硬化

在X射线工业CT(ICT)中,射束硬化会导致重建的图像出现伪影,甚至产生变形。为了消除这种影响,提出了一种基于重投影的多项式拟合校正射束硬化的方法。该方法对原始CT图像进行阈值分割二值化,将物体目标区域的像素值设为1;重投影此二值图像以获取X射线贯穿物体的长度集合;利用多项式拟合此长度集合与多色投影间的关系来建立射束硬化校正模型,用该模型对多色投影进行校正。与传统的多项式拟合校正方法相比,该方法不需要楔状模体(用于测量不同厚度下的衰减值,以此来建立射束硬化校正模型)。研究表明,该方法能有效地抑制射束硬化的影响。     

光子计数位置灵敏探测器畸变多项式校正

采用多项式校正方法对光子计数位置灵敏探测器成像畸变进行校正。介绍光子计数位置灵敏探测器工作原理并分析其畸变产生原因;介绍多项式校正原理,并给出光子计数位置灵敏探测器畸变多项式校正流程;采用该方法对两种不同畸变程度的基于楔条形阳极该类探测器进行了畸变校正,校正后残余误差分别为2.5pixel和1.2pixel。实验结果表明,多项式校正法能够有效校正光子计数位置灵敏探测器成像畸变。     

Calibration of a wide angle stereoscopic system

Inaccuracies in the calibration of a stereoscopic system appear with errors in point correspondences between both images and inexact points localization in each image. Errors increase if the stereoscopic system is composed of wide angle lens cameras. We propose a technique where detected points in both images are corrected before estimating the fundamental matrix and the lens distortion models. Since points are corrected first, errors in point correspondences and point localization are avoided. To correct point location in both images, geometrical and epipolar constraints are imposed in a nonlinear minimization problem. Geometrical constraints define the point localization in relation to its neighbors in the same image, and eipolar constraints represent the location of one point referred to its corresponding point in the other image.     

基于FPGA的图像畸变矫正算法研究

在机器视觉中需要对采集到的带有畸变的图像进行矫正。为了提高对畸变图像校正的实时性，针对使用FPGA实现图像畸变矫正算法时，存在的在线计算逆向映射坐标复杂和片上ROM容量不够问题，压缩了逆向映射表，并在FPGA上利用插值方法在线重建了逆向映射表。通过查找重建的逆向映射表来获取逆向映射坐标，从而降低了FPGA的在线计算量和片上ROM的容量需求。MATLAB仿真结果显示，当压缩参数n分别取4、8、16时都能够对畸变图像进行较好的矫正，并且图像信息不会丢失。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性，该算法可用于基于FPGA的图像畸变矫正。     

小视场长焦距镜头畸变高精度测量研究

利用由精密测角仪、显微摄像测量系统、微型双光栅平面干涉仪、平行光管以及星点组成畸变测量系统,对小视场长焦距的镜头进行畸变测量。在计算镜头畸变中,利用中心视场区域内畸变设计无穷小,采用三次多项式拟和的方法,计算镜头理论焦距;在边视场采用像高高次方和视场角正弦高次方加权平均的方法对测量偏差角进行修正,得到各视场的相对和绝对畸变。通过实际测量和计算验证,镜头全视场畸变测量精度可达到0.02%。     

Homography of central points for optical distortion compensation

The paper presents a novel radial lens distortion modelling method for vision systems. It is based on single images of chessboard planar pattern, in which calibration points (corners of chessboard squares) are localised. The points, which are situated near the image centre, where the distortion is negligible, are used to determine undistorted grid of calibration points by the estimation of homographic matrix. The differences in the localisation of undistorted and distorted points are used to find parameters of radial model by the linear least square method. Having the distortion model, the dense compensation is performed with support of bilinear interpolation and a sparse compensation by Newton iterative scheme providing subpixel accuracy.     

小波域局部维纳滤波器估计误差分析及图像去噪

对小波域局部维纳滤波算法的估计误差进行了理论分析,推导了估计误差平方期望表达式,得到了一种观测系数局部方差估计的阈值.以此为基础,提出了一种小波域图像去噪算法.先对观测系数做阈值化处理,再进行局部自适应维纳滤波.实验结果表明,该方法提高了真实信号系数方差估计的准确度,在去噪性能上优于Mihcak等提出的LAWML算法.     

米级口径经纬仪保护窗口镜面变形分析

为了精确分析外载荷作用下米级口径经纬仪保护窗口镜面变形,本文基于接触有限元理论建立了米级口径经纬仪保护窗口带摩擦接触的有限元分析模型,对比了线性刚性连接和非线性摩擦接触方法的差异。采用齐次坐标变换法去除刚体位移,得到米级口径经纬仪保护窗口镜面畸变数据,使用Zernike多项式作为光机集成分析的接口工具,并将Zernike多项式系数导入ZEMAX中,以波前像差RMS值衡量镜面变形对成像质量的影响,并与干涉仪检测结果进行比较。考虑摩擦接触条件得到的保护窗口镜面波前像差RMS值为38.095 nm、PV为205.027 nm,使用干涉仪检测得到的保护窗口镜面波前像差RMS值为40.626 nm、PV值为235.654 nm。实验结果表明,考虑摩擦接触条件的仿真实验与干涉仪检测实验的镜面波前像差RMS值偏差为6.23%,能更准确地反映米级口径保护窗口镜面变形。