GEM气体探测器的增益特性

研制一种双层结构的GEM气体探测器用于X射线成像和带电粒子径迹测量.使用铜靶X射线管产生的高能量X射线对其气体放大倍数,电荷传输效率,增益稳定性进行测试.实验结果显示:在入射X射线通量为10⁵Hz/mm²时,双层GEM探测器的有效增益达到10⁴以上,并且具有长时间稳定性.     

三级GEM气体探测器性能的实验研究

GEM探测器是一种新型微型气体探测器(Micro-Pattern Gas Detector), 在粒子物理实验及低能X射线成像系统中有着较大的应用前景. 文章研制了一种适用于低能X射线成像和带电粒子径迹测量的三级GEM气体探测器. 使用放射源⁵⁵Fe对其气体放大特性、电荷传输效率及能量分辨本领等性能进行了实验研究, 重点研究了传输区电场对气体有效增益和能量分辨本领的影响. 实验结果表明, 三级GEM探测器的暗电流和噪声较小, 有效增益能够达到10⁵以上并稳定地工作, 对5.9keV的X射线能量分辨率可达24%, 传输区电场强度大于3000V/(cm.atm)时, 能量分辨率基本稳定在30%左右.     

高功率微波介质击穿中X射线和紫外线的初步诊断

 研制了一套宽光谱探测系统,该系统包括紫外成像探测器和X射线成像探测器两个工作单元。利用该系统对高功率微波（HPM）源运行及聚四氟乙烯介质窗受微波场作用而发生击穿时实验环境中的紫外线和X射线进行了初步诊断。结果表明：HPM源运行参数为重复频率100 Hz,运行时间5 s,介质窗未发生击穿时,微波源二极管区产生的X射线剂量为9.28×10²～1.64×10³ Gy,介质窗发生击穿时,环境中X射线剂量为5.38×10²～1.09×10³ Gy;随着微波脉冲重复频率和运行时间的增加,产生的X射线剂量明显增加。此外,利用该系统证实了实验环境中紫外线的存在。     

三级GEM的性能及多路成像的实验研究

报道研制的三级气体电子倍增器(Triple-GEM)的性能及多路成像的研究结果. 实验测得三级GEM对⁵⁵Fe 5.9keV X射线全能光电峰的最佳能量分辨率为20.2%; 有效增益≥10⁴. 利用96路8mm×8mm的pad及电子数字系统成功实现多路成像.     

空间硬X射线编码孔成像望远镜样机的研制及初步实验结果

介绍了研制的一台空间硬X射线编码孔成像望远镜样机, 使用的位置灵敏探测器为CdZnTe半导体阵列探测器, 面积50mm×50mm, 位置分辨1.6mm. 码板材料为钨铁镍合金, 厚度0.7mm, 码元素尺寸3.2mm×3.2mm. 介绍了码板的编码技术、光学设计和图像重建方法. 实验室测定了样机的性能, 探测器对59.54keV(²⁴¹Am)的能量分辨率为11.6%. 成像实验对单个伽玛射线源的定位 精度为0.12°, 双源角分辨好于0.42°.     

与BaF2耦合的低气压多步雪崩室

研究了以纯TMAE饱和蒸汽为工作气体的紫外光敏低气压多步雪崩室的性能.在几种温度下测量了两个不同结构的丝室的气体放大倍数.在40°C时得到丝室的增益为4×10⁵,时间分辨4.1ns.和BaF₂晶体耦合,成功地观测了¹³⁷Cs γ射线(0.661MeV)的信号.     

高空核爆炸下大气的X射线电离及演化过程数值模拟

利用数值模拟程序模拟了不同高度核爆炸下大气的X射线电离及演化过程.结果表明: X射线电离产生的电子数密度在射线到达后约100 ns时刻达到峰值, 峰值数密度随着到裸核区距离的增加而减小;电子具有较长的寿命, 电子寿命随着到裸核区距离的增加而增大; X射线电离空气产生正离子O⁺, O₂⁺, N₂⁺,爆高为120 km情况下 O⁺的峰值数密度与O₂⁺的相近,能维持约1 s. X射线对空气的电离影响范围在数十千米以内,在距裸核区较近的区域, 爆高为80 km时产生的电子峰值数密度比爆高为120 km时的电子峰值数密度高, 在距裸核区较远的区域则相反.     

HXMT卫星地面样机成像实验

硬X射线调制望远镜(HXMT)致力于实现硬X射线能段的高灵敏度巡天.HXMT地面样机已在中国科学院高能物理研究所粒子天体物理重点实验室建成.它包括18个栅条准直的NaI(Tl)/CsI(Na)复合晶体探测器,总有效探测面积为5000cm². 探测器工作在20—250keV,视场范围5.7°×5.7°通过近距离放射源成像实验和直接解调成像方法的使用,地面样机能够达到2'点源定位精度和5'角分辨率(FWHM).     

用于质子和伽马射线探测的金刚石薄膜探测器的辐照性能

 研制出CVD金刚石薄膜探测器，在国家串列加速器和⁶⁰Co稳态辐射源上分别完成了该探测器对9 MeV质子束流和1.25 MeV γ射线的辐照性能研究。结果表明:该探测器在9 MeV质子照射累积强度达到10¹³ cm^-2时，探测器信号电荷收集效率减小量低于3.5%，辐照前后探测器暗电流没有明显变化。计算得到9 MeV质子对该探测器的损伤系数为1.3×10^-16 μm^-1·cm²。由于γ射线与金刚石作用产生的电子起到了填补缺陷的作用，探测器信号电荷收集效率随γ射线照射剂量的增加略有增加，在γ射线累积照射量达到10.32 C/kg时，其增幅小于0.7%。说明金刚石薄膜探测器具有较高耐辐照强度，适用于高强度辐射测量领域。     

纳米Ag颗粒表面等离子激元对上转换材料光致发光性能影响的研究

本文采用共烧结工艺将纳米Ag颗粒引入Yb³⁺, Er³⁺共掺的NaYF₄上转换材料中, 利用X射线衍射及扫描电子显微镜技术对制备的NaYF₄材料进行结构特性和表面形貌的表征, 通过吸收谱及荧光光谱测试技术对NaYF₄材料光吸收及光发射特性进行表征. 通过对纳米Ag颗粒引入量的优化, 获得了Yb³⁺, Er³⁺共掺的NaYF₄上转换材料荧光发射峰的增强, 300—800 nm全光谱范围内增益达28%, 在544 nm处获得最大增益55%, 具有显著的荧光增强效果. 同时分析了不同数量纳米Ag颗粒的引入对NaYF₄材料吸收谱及光致发光特性影响, 指出了表面等离子激元的光猝灭及共振吸收增强作用机理.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.